MH SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (Political Science) - MAHA TET MCQ

The correct sequence in which general systems theory has been adopted in social sciences is - 
Anthropology
Sociology
Psychology
Political science

Both Assertion- Some departments are concerned not only with purely administrative work but some authority to make rules and regulations is also delegated to them by the legislature and Reason- John M Pfiffner prefers single head of the department under certain circumstances are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Third world nations provide natural resources and cheap labour and Advanced western nations perpetuate a state of dependency by various means are the basic contentions of Dependency theory. 

• The suspension of rights except under article 19 needs presidential order for their suspension, thus not all the rights suspend automatically, hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restricted the scope of Article 359 in two ways. Firstly, the President cannot suspend the right to move the Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 to 21. Hence statement B is correct.

Jamal-al-Din Afghani

Sayyid Jamal al-din al-Afghani, who visited India for the second time after his expulsion from Egypt by the Khedive Tewfiq Pasha in 1878 (4). Al-Afhgani spent over a year in Hyderabad (Deccan) and in Calcutta, and wrote a number articles in which he violently attacked Sayyid Ahmad Khan's religio-political approach to the problems facing Muslim India. He persuaded the Ulamas in India to work for Independence in cooperation with the Indian National Congress.

The disagreement between Jamal al-din al-Afghani and Sayyid Ahmad Khan consists of three cardinal points:

• al-Afghani did not agree with the extremist rationalism of a least some of Sayyid Ahmad Khan's views, and regarded his new 'Ilm al-Kalam as a heresy in so far as it seemed to falsify the words of Qur'an.
• He regarded Sayyid Ahmad Khan's religious views and his educational programme as ancillary to his political servi- tude to British interests in India, whereas al-Afghani himself was bitterly anti-British.
• As a logical consequence of the second point, he saw Sayyid Ahmad Khan as his main adversary in India, opposed to Pan-Islamism, isolating the Indian Muslims from the rest of Ddr-al Islam, especially from the Turks, and hostile to the conception of a universal Muslim Khilaf

The legislature in a democratic country can influence public opinion by focusing public attention on various problems facing the country during the course of parliamentary debates.

The state of war is the conditions when there is no actual conflict but a permanent cold war that could become a 'real' war at any time.

Arthashastra of Kautilya has mentioned Twenty seven Adhyakshas appointed by State.

• Kautilya or Chankya was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya.
• He wrote Arthashastra which is a treatise on statecraft, economics, and military strategy.
• The central administration of Mauryan empire was conducted by highly skilled Superintendents or Adhyakshas who looked after various departments.
• Kautilya in the second book of his Arthashastra, Adhyakshaprachara, gives an account of the working of nearly twenty seven Adhyakshas.
• Some of the important Adhyakshas mentioned in the Arthashastra of Kautilya are:
  • Akshapataladhyaksha - Accountant General
  • Sulkadhyaksha - Collector of customs or tolls
  • Akaradhyaksha - Superintendent of mines
  • Lakshanadhyaksha - Superintendent of the mint
  • Devatadhyaksha - Incharge of religious institutions

Hence, the correct answer is - Twenty seven

In 1887, Woodrow Wilson is credited for establishing public administration as an autonomous and distinct field of study.

• It is necessary to research the discipline's evolution in order to comprehend its current status as a field of inquiry.
• The development of Public Administration as an academic field can be discussed through the following five successive phases:
  • Phase I: The Politics/Administration Dichotomy (1887-1926)
  • Phase II: The Principles of Administration (1927-1937) 
  • Phase III: Criticism and Challenges (1938-1950) 
  • Phase IV: Crisis of Identity (1950-1970)
  • Phase V:  Public Administration as an Independent Discipline (1970 Onwards)

Thus, Politics-Administration Dichotomy⇒ Principles of Administration Era of Challenge⇒  Crisis of Identity⇒ Public Policy Perspective are in ascending order as evolutionary Phases of Public Administration.

Assertion (A): Herbert Simon rejected Principles of Administration

• It was stated that because of its political essence and function, administration cannot be isolated from politics. 
• He argued for the behavioural approach to public administration in order to turn it into a more academic field of study.
• He emphasised decision-making as a substitute for the principles-based approach.

Thus, Assertion (A) is true.

Reason (R) : For Simon, these are merely proverbs

• The administrative ideas were also questioned and condemned for lacking general applicability and scientific validity.
• Therefore, Simon referred to them as "proverbs" and "naturalistic fallacies".
• Simon intended to replace the very simplified classical approach to economic modelling, which was centred on the idea of a single, profit-maximizing entrepreneur. 

Hence, Reason (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 

Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

The correct answer is  Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Assertion (A): E-Governance is important for good governance in Higher Educational Institutions.

• This statement is true.
• E-governance refers to the use of information and communication technologies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of government processes and services.
• In the context of higher education institutions, e-governance can improve administrative processes, increase transparency, and provide better access to information and services for students, faculty, and staff.
• Therefore, e-governance is important for good governance in higher educational institutions.

Reason (R): E-Governance is responsive, transparent, and subjective.

• This statement is also true and provides a correct explanation of the assertion.
• E-governance is responsive in the sense that it enables quick and efficient responses to queries, complaints, and feedback from stakeholders.
• It is transparent because it promotes openness and accountability in decision-making and service delivery.
• Finally, it is subjective in the sense that it is customized to meet the specific needs and preferences of users.
• All these features of e-governance contribute to good governance in higher educational institutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is  Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Swami Dayananda Saraswati was against the caste system in India and believed that idolatry, untouchability and caste system were against the values enshrined in the Vedas.

• He wanted to establish a caste free society. Hence, statement 1 is wrong.
• After the completion of his education, his mission was to spread the true Hindu culture and Religion, for which he relied solely on the Vedas.
• He thus founded the “Arya Samaj” at Bombay on 10th April, 1875.
• Accepting Vedas as the absolute truth, he propounded ‘Back to the Vedas’ as his strategy for Hindu Revivalism.
• He opposed child marriage and polygamy, and had faith in female education.
• Using his robust “Vedic Counterpart”, he challenged the masculine West.

The ideology of Post Modernism has prominently adopted female historiography.

• The postmodern theories range from moderate to extreme criticism of modernity.
• The postmodern theorists question the very basics on which the discipline of history has been based.
• They do not believe in the disciplinary boundaries in academics, such as those between history and literature, or between economics and anthropology and so on.
• They also question the existence of facts and events apart from what the historians make them out to be.
• In their view, linguistic representation becomes the essence of the past and the core of history.
• The post-modernists also prominently adopted female historiography as there was absence of women in the modern historiography.

Therefore, we can conclude that the ideology of Post Modernism has prominently adopted female historiography.

India is a federal (or quasi-federal) democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government largely based on the UK model. India's federal legislative branch consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) as the upper house, and the Lok Sabha (House of the People) as the lower house.

Bureaucracy consisting of all civil servants,
A civil servant can be defined as a bureaucrat hired by the government to work for the public sector. 
Public servant, on the other hand, is an elected or appointed member of the government for social or public services.

These are the countries with unwritten or Uncodified Constitutions: Israel. UK. New Zealand.

The Regulating Act, 1773 will be remembered in Indian history as the beginning of a written constitution in India.
The act set up a written constitution for the British possession in India in place of arbitrary rule of the company. A system was introduced to prevent the Governor-General from becoming autocratic. This act unequivocally established the supremacy of the Presidency of Bengal over the others.

Local government generally take responsibility for parks and recreation services, police and fire departments, housing services, emergency medical services, municipal courts, transportation services (including public transportation), and public works (streets, sewers, snow removal, signage, and so forth).

• Mahatma Gandhi considered the Bhagavad Gita as an "infallible guide of conduct."
• The Bhagavad Gita is a sacred Hindu scripture that is part of the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata.
• It is a philosophical and spiritual dialogue between Lord Krishna and the warrior Arjuna, set in the context of a great battle.
• Gandhi found profound wisdom and guidance in the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita.
• He saw it as a source of moral and ethical principles that could provide guidance for individuals in their actions and choices.
• The Bhagavad Gita promotes concepts such as dharma (duty/righteousness), yoga (union with the divine), and the importance of selfless action.
• For Gandhi, the Bhagavad Gita's teachings on non-attachment, selfless service, and the pursuit of truth resonated deeply with his own philosophy.
• He saw the Gita as a manual for leading a purposeful life, resolving dilemmas, and making decisions based on moral principles.
• Gandhi's interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita, particularly its emphasis on nonviolence and self-discipline, played a significant role in shaping his practice of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) as a means of social and political transformation.

The correct answer is Public/private divide.

Anarchism has many heterogeneous and diverse schools of thought, united by a common opposition to compulsory rule. Anarchist schools are characterized by "the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary", but may differ fundamentally, supporting anything from extreme individualism to complete collectivism.

Nagorno-Karabakh profile. The landlocked mountainous region of Nagorno-Karabakh is the subject of an unresolved dispute between Azerbaijan, in which it lies, and its ethnic Armenian majority, backed by neighbouring Armenia.

A pragmatist is someone who is pragmatic, that is to say, someone who is practical and focused on reaching a goal. A pragmatist usually has a straightforward, matter-of-fact approach and doesn't let emotion distract her.

In political philosophy, the right of revolution (or right of rebellion) is the right or duty of the people of a nation to overthrow a government that acts against their common interests and/or threatens the safety of the people without cause.

• The systems approach is based on the generalization that everything is interrelated and interdependent. A system is composed of the related and dependent elements which when in interaction, forms a unitary whole. A system is simply an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex whole. Hence option 1 is correct.
• Features of Systems Approach:
  • A system consists of interacting elements. It is a set of inter-related and inter-dependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.
  • In the systems approach, attention is paid towards the overall effectiveness of the system rather than the effectiveness of the sub-systems. The interdependence of the sub-systems is taken into account. The idea of systems can be applied at an organizational level. In Appling system concepts, organizations are taken into account and not only the objectives and performances of different departments (sub-systems).
  • The systems approach is considered both general and specialized systems.

Correct ascending order:'

• The Treaty of Westphalia
• Treaties of Utrecht
• Treaty of Paris
• The Charter of the UN

There is nothing like spiritual equality of individual

Compulsory voting is an effect of laws which require eligible citizens to register and vote in elections, and may impose penalties on those who fail to do so. As of August 2013, 22 countries provide for compulsory voting, Compulsory voting is a generalised view that democratic election of governing representatives is the responsibility of citizens, rather than a right afforded citizens constitutionally to nominate representatives.

The correct answer is Charter Act of 1853.

• Since most of the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935 was present in our Constitution. Hence, we are generally confused by this.
• Charter Act of 1853 served as the foundation of the modern parliamentary form of government.

Mao Zedong known as Chairman Mao was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and was chairman of the Chinese Communist Party until 1976.