NVS MTS Mock Test - 4 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

"भारत में अनेक दर्शनीय स्थल हैं" विकल्प भाषा वर्तनी तथा व्याकरण की दृष्टि से उचित है। अतः A "भारत में अनेक दर्शनीय स्थल हैं" सही विकल्प है।

• "अनेक" एक शुद्ध शब्द है, जबकीं अनेको शब्द अशुद्ध है। 
• जो देखने योग्य हो उसे- दर्शनीय कहा जाता है।  

सही उत्तर जया एक बुद्धिमान बालिका है। है। क्योंकि यह एक अशुद्ध वाक्य है।

Key Points

• जया एक बुद्धिमान बालिका है। अशुद्ध वाक्य है।
• उपर्युक्त वाक्य में लिंग सम्बन्धी त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ बुद्धिमान के स्थान पर बुद्धिमती शब्द आएगा।
• पूर्ण शुद्ध वाक्य होगा- जया एक बुद्धिमती बालिका है।

अन्य विकल्प-

• अन्य विकल्प अपने शुद्ध रूप में हैं।

Additional Information

'वारिधि' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'समुद्र' है। 

वारिधि के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - नीरनिधि, अर्णव, जलधाम, अकूपाद, नदीश, सागर, पयोधि, समुद्र, उदधि, पारावार, जलधि आदि।

Bliss : perfect happiness; great joy.
Depression : feelings of severe despondency and dejection.
Indecency : an indecent act or expression.
Recession : a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
Salacity : the expression of undue or inappropriate interest in sexual matters.

Synonym of Salacity is Indecency
 

The words ‘fiasco’ and ‘naive’ are contextually incorrect and thereby can be eliminated.
Both the words ‘charm’ and ‘glamour’ can be used to depict that beauty of Taj Mahal always fascinates people and seek their attention.
Fiasco: failure
Charm: attractiveness
Naive: beginner
Glamour: beauty
Hence, option B is the correct answer. 

'ईदगाह' मुंशी प्रेमचंद की प्रसिद्ध कहानी है। 

इस कहानी में प्रेमचंद ने एक बालक की मनोदशा का बहुत ही मार्मिक चित्रण किया है।

इनकी अन्य कहानियाँ हैं- पूस की रात, शतरंज के खिलाड़ी, बूढ़ी काकी, ठाकुर का कुआं, बड़े घर की बेटी, कफन, सौत, सवा सेर गेहूं आदि।

वह शायद कल गाड़ी से आए। व्याकरण और वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुद्ध वाक्य है।

Let’s look at the meanings of the given words:
A. irony- a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often wryly amusing as a result.
B. solidarity- unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group.
C. enervate- make (someone) feel drained of energy or vitality.
D. sheer- nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis).
E. embrace- accept (a belief, theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically.
F. patriarchy- a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.
Given the context, the only words that can fit the blanks are respectively irony, embrace and patriarchy.
So, the correct order of the fitting words is: irony, embrace and patriarchy.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

सही उत्तर है- ‘अत्यंत कम’।

• "ऊँट के मुँह में जीरा"- इस लोकोक्ति का अर्थ हैं किसी वस्तु का जरुरत से बहुत कम उपलब्ध होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- एक गिलास दूध मेरे लिए ऊँट के मुहं में जीरे के समान हैं।

Additional Information

लोकोक्ति की परिभाषा - ‘लोक + उक्ति’ शब्दों से मिलकर बना है जिसका अर्थ है- लोक में प्रचलित उक्ति या कथन।
जब कोई पूरा कथन किसी प्रसंग विशेष में उद्धत किया जाता है तो लोकोक्ति कहलाता है। इसी को कहावत भी कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• अंधी पीसे, कुत्ते खायें : मूर्खों को कमाई व्यर्थ नष्ट होती है।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग - राम ने उसकी मां के ना रहने पर बड़ी मुश्किल से खाना बनाया परंतु उसका पड़ोसी आकर सारा खाना खा गया, यह तो वही बात हुई अंधी पीसे कुत्ता खाए।
• अपनी पगड़ी अपने हाथ : अपनी इज्जत अपने हाथ होती है।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग - विवेक ने श्रीनाथ जी से कहा – आप यहाँ से चले जाइए, क्योंकि अपनी पगड़ी अपने हाथ होती है।

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प "सूरज" सही है।

Key Points

• सूरज शब्द एकवचन शब्द है।
• केश, नेत्र व रोम शब्द बहुवचन शब्द होते हैं।
• सूरज के पर्याय
  • अंशुमान, सूर्य, रवि, दिनकर, दिवाकर, प्रभाकर, भास्कर।

Additional Information

• हिन्दी में निम्न शब्द सदैव बहुवचन में ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं-
  • होश,आँसू, आदरणीय, व्यक्ति हेतु प्रयुक्त शब्द आप,दर्शन, भाग्य, दाम, हस्ताक्षर, प्राण, समाचार, बाल, लोग, होश, हाल-चाल।

'Spellbinding' is 'something that takes a person by complete surprise as if he/she has been under the influence of magic'.
The meanings of the other words are:
Amusing: causing laughter and providing entertainment.
Tantalising: tease someone with the sight or promise of something that is unobtainable.
Tormenting: inflicting severe physical or mental suffering.
No other option has the same meaning as spellbinding. Thus option 4 is the correct answer.
Example-The beauty of the Himalayan ranges spellbound all people.

India slipped to the fourth position in the global ranking of startup funding in 2023, experiencing a significant downturn with only $7 billion in total funding, after holding the third spot in both 2021 and 2022.

After the Soviet Union's disintegration, India, under Narasimha Rao, adapted its foreign policy to the new global dynamics, diversifying relations with various countries.

India has several industrial regions like Mumbai- Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region.

Indian National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval convened with his Russian counterpart, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev, in St. Petersburg, Russia, on April 24, 2024. They addressed key bilateral issues, focusing on counterterrorism, cyber security, and defense cooperation. Doval attended the 12th International Meeting of High Ranking Officials Responsible for Security Matters, hosted by Russia from April 22-25, 2024, gathering senior officials from 106 countries to discuss global security challenges, underscored by Russian President Vladimir Putin’s emphasis on combatting international terrorism

• Important Points:
  • During the 1950s, the world was experiencing the Cold War, a period of tension between the Western Bloc (led by the United States) and the Eastern Bloc (led by the Soviet Union).
  • Countries were pressured to align with either of these blocs.
  • India, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, chose a unique path by establishing the non-alignment movement, where India remained independent of these power blocs.
  • The guiding principle of India's foreign policy was to safeguard its national interests by maintaining sovereignty and strategic autonomy.
  • However, the United States did not view India's non-alignment policy favorably.
  • The U.S. had a binary approach to foreign policy, leading to suspicion towards countries not allied with them.
  • India's non-alignment stance was seen by the U.S. as a lack of commitment to the democratic-capitalist cause against communism.
  • This perception caused significant unease in Indo-U.S. relations during the 1950s.

Therefore, the correct answer is that both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A).

Explanation:
A MultiNational Company (MNC) is a company that operates and has a presence in more than one country. It is characterized by its ability to conduct business on a global scale and has several distinguishing features. Let's examine each of the options to determine which one is not a feature of an MNC:
A: It owns/controls production in more than one nation.
- This is a characteristic feature of an MNC. It refers to the ability of the company to have production facilities or operations in multiple countries.
B: It sets up factories where it is close to the markets.
- This is another characteristic feature of an MNC. It involves the strategic placement of factories or production facilities in locations that are close to the target markets. This allows the company to reduce transportation costs and respond quickly to market demands.
C: It organizes production in complex ways.
- This is also a feature of an MNC. Due to its global operations, an MNC often organizes production in complex ways, such as establishing supply chains that span multiple countries or implementing decentralized production processes.
D: It employs labor only from its own country.
- This is not a feature of an MNC. MNCs typically employ a diverse workforce from different countries, including the host country where their operations are located. Hiring labor only from their own country would limit the company's ability to adapt to local markets and take advantage of the diverse skills and expertise available globally.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: It employs labor only from its own country. This is not a feature of a MultiNational Company.

G Ram Mohan Rao has been appointed as the Executive Director (ED) of SEBI for a term of three years, where he will be responsible for overseeing the investigation and internal inspection departments, strengthening SEBI's commitment to market integrity.

India is ranked 64th out of 108 countries in the GRWI, reflecting a significant decline of 15 places from the previous year. Meanwhile, The top 5 countries which scored the highest on the Global Remote Work Index (GRWI) are Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and Sweden.

International Literacy Day is celebrated every year on September 8. It was proclaimed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1966 to promote literacy worldwide. The theme of 2023 is 'Promoting literacy for a world in transition: Building the foundation for sustainable and peaceful societies.'

The State

• Civil rights are given to the individual by the state.

Explanation:

Civil rights are the basic rights and freedoms that individuals have in society. They are designed to protect individuals from discrimination and ensure their equal treatment and opportunities. The question asks who grants these rights to individuals, and the correct answer is the state. Here's why:

• The state: Civil rights are typically established and protected by laws and regulations enacted by the state. Governments create laws and establish institutions to safeguard civil rights and ensure their enforcement.


• Legislation: The state passes legislation, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the Civil Rights Act, which outlines and protects the rights and freedoms of individuals.


• Enforcement: The state is responsible for enforcing these laws and ensuring that individuals' civil rights are respected and protected. This includes establishing law enforcement agencies, judicial systems, and other institutions to address violations and provide remedies.


• Amendment: Civil rights can also be expanded or modified by the state through the amendment of existing laws or the creation of new legislation. This allows for the recognition and inclusion of additional rights or the adjustment of existing ones to reflect societal changes.

While nature, God, and the people may be sources of inspiration or influence for the concept of civil rights, it is ultimately the state that grants and protects these rights through legal frameworks and institutions.

The massacre of the Albanians was finally stopped as several countries intervened to stop this type of massacre. The major goal of these forced massacres and expulsions of the ethnic Albanians was regarded as a kind of statistic manipulations before London Ambassadors.

The correct answer is the Presentation program.

Key Points

• Microsoft PowerPoint
  • It is a powerful slide show presentation program. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • It is a standard component of the company's Microsoft Office suite software and is bundled together with Word, Excel, and other office productivity tools.
  • The program uses slides to convey information rich in multimedia.

Additional Information

URL is the name for a web page address.

1. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
2. Every web page that is displayed on the Internet has a specific address associated with it. This address is known as the URL. It tells us the location of the web page being displayed and other related information.
3. As the postal address is required to reach a letter to a person staying anywhere on earth, a unique location (address) of a web element which may be a website or a web page is required in the World Wide Web to view it in the browser. This unique address of the web elements is referred to as a URL.
4. The URL consists of four basic parts, namely, server type, hostname, the folder name, and the filename. Each one of these has a specific function.
5. The “server type” indicates the type of Internet server (Protocol) being accessed. The server type is always followed by “://” and the hostname.
6. The hostname is the Internet address of a remote computer on which the files reside.
7. The folder name indicates the name of the directory in which the files are located.
8. The filename specifies the name of the specific document to be displayed in the browser. The filename itself consists of two pieces of information, the name of the file to be displayed and the file extension, which specifies the file type (.htm for HTML file, .txt for a text file, .bmp for a bitmap image, etc.) 
9. The structure of a URL can be represented as follows: Server type://Hostname/directory/sub-directory/.../filename
10. Example Of URL: www.testbook.com

Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

 Additional Information

Directory: 

• A web directory or link directory is an online list or catalog of websites.
• That is, it is a directory on the World Wide Web of (all or part of) the World Wide Web.
• Historically, directories typically listed entries on people or businesses, and their contact information; such directories are still in use today.
• A web directory includes entries about websites, including links to those websites, organized into categories and subcategories.
• Besides a link, each entry may include the title of the website and a description of its contents. In most web directories, the entries are about whole websites, rather than individual pages within them (called "deep links"). Websites are often limited to inclusion in only a few categories.

Folder:

•  A digital folder has the same purpose as a physical folder – to store documents.
• Computer folders can also store other types of files, such as applications, archives, scripts, and libraries. Folders can even store other folders, which may contain additional files and folders. Folders are designed for organizing files.
• For example, you might store your digital photos in a "Pictures" folder, your audio files in a "Music" folder, and your word processing documents in a "Documents" folder.

Domain: 

• A domain contains a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules.
• For example, a company may require all local computers to be networked within the same domain so that each computer can be seen from other computers within the domain or located from a central server.
• Setting up a domain may also block outside traffic from accessing computers within the network, which adds an extra level of security.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e., They help you to club a group of commands and run them one after another

Additional Information

• A batch file is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a computer operating system. It's called a batch file because it batches (bundles or packages) into a single file a set of commands that would otherwise have to be presented to the system interactively from a keyboard one at a time.
• Its extention is .bat.

The correct answer is Home

Key Points

In Microsoft PowerPoint 2016, the Home tab in the ribbon contains a wide variety of tools and features, including commands related to paragraphs, drawing, and editing. This includes:

• Paragraph: The Home tab contains controls for paragraph alignment, bullets and numbering, indentation, and line spacing for text boxes in slides.
• Drawing: The 'Drawing' group in the Home tab allows you to add shapes, lines, and other drawing elements to your slides. It has tools for selecting, aligning, and distributing shapes, setting the order of elements, and more.
• Editing: The Home tab also contains the Clipboard group (for copy, paste, cut, and format painter features) and the Editing group (with find, replace and select functions).

These tools and features are helpful while creating and editing presentation content, making the Home tab a central location in PowerPoint for managing this content.

The correct answer is Set the font as Strikethrough.

Key Points

• When you've got your text selected, look on the “Home” tab of Word's Ribbon.
• In the “Font” group, click the “Strikethrough” button (it's the three letters with a line drawn through them).
• Now, any text you had selected should be struck through.
• You can also apply strikethrough formatting using the Font window.

Additional Information

Important Shortcut keys used in MS Word:

• Cut the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+X.
• Copy the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+C.
• Paste the contents of the Clipboard -Ctrl+V.
• Increase the font size by 1 point.- Ctrl+].
• Center the text - Ctrl+E.
• Align the text to the left - Ctrl+L .

Direct Method of Deadlock Prevention

A direct method of deadlock prevention is to prevent the occurrence of circular waits. Here is a detailed explanation:

Mutual Exclusion:
- Mutual exclusion refers to the condition where a resource can only be allocated to one process at a time.
- Preventing mutual exclusion is not a direct method of deadlock prevention because it may not always be feasible to allow multiple processes to access a resource simultaneously.
Hold and Wait:
- Hold and wait refers to the condition where a process holds a resource while waiting for another resource.
- Preventing hold and wait is not a direct method of deadlock prevention because it may not always be possible for a process to acquire all the required resources at once.
Circular Waits:
- Circular waits refer to the condition where a set of processes form a circular chain, with each process in the chain waiting for a resource held by the next process in the chain.
- Preventing circular waits is a direct method of deadlock prevention as it eliminates the possibility of a deadlock occurring due to circular dependency.
No Preemption:
- No preemption refers to the condition where a resource cannot be forcibly taken away from a process.
- While preventing no preemption can help in avoiding certain deadlocks, it is not a direct method of deadlock prevention as it does not eliminate the possibility of circular waits.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Circular waits. Preventing the occurrence of circular waits is a direct method of deadlock prevention.

Software:
- Software refers to a collection of programs, data, and instructions that enable a computer system to perform specific tasks or functions.
- It is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it.
- It can be categorized into system software and application software.
Option B: Firewalls
- Firewalls are software programs or applications that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
- They act as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, providing protection against unauthorized access and threats.
- Firewalls can be installed on individual computers or network devices such as routers or dedicated firewall appliances.
Explanation:
- Among the given options, firewalls are the software that is used to protect computer networks from unauthorized access and threats.
- Routers (Option A), gateways (Option C), and modems (Option D) are hardware devices that are used for network connectivity and data transmission, but they do not fall under the category of software.
- Firewalls, on the other hand, are software programs that are installed on computers or network devices to provide security and control over network traffic.
- Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Firewalls.

Inter Process Communication (IPC)
Inter Process Communication (IPC) refers to the mechanisms and techniques used by different processes running on a computer system to communicate and share data with each other. It allows processes to exchange information, synchronize their activities, and coordinate their actions.
Methods of Inter Process Communication
There are several methods of IPC that can be used for communication between processes. These methods include:
1. Mails:
- Processes can communicate with each other by sending messages through a mailbox or a message queue.
- Messages can be exchanged asynchronously, allowing processes to communicate even if they are not running at the same time.
- This method is commonly used in message-oriented middleware systems.
2. Messages:
- Processes can communicate by sending messages directly to each other.
- Messages can be sent using various protocols, such as TCP/IP or UDP/IP.
- This method allows for both synchronous and asynchronous communication between processes.
3. System Calls:
- Processes can use system calls provided by the operating system to communicate with each other.
- System calls such as pipe, shared memory, and sockets can be used for IPC.
- This method allows for efficient and reliable communication between processes.
4. Traps:
- Processes can use software interrupts or traps to communicate with the operating system or other processes.
- Traps can be used to request services from the operating system or to notify other processes about events.
- This method is commonly used in event-driven systems.
In conclusion, inter process communication can be done through various methods such as mails, messages, system calls, and traps. The choice of IPC method depends on the requirements of the system and the nature of the communication between processes.