NVS MTS Mock Test - 5 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

Incentive means a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something
Some of its synonyms are inducement, motivation, motive, reason, stimulus, stimulant, spur, impetus, encouragement
He had no incentive to work after he was refused a promotion
Companies provide various incentives to attract and retain talent

'बढ़ा चढ़ाकर बात करना' वाक्यांश के लिए उचित मुहावरा “नमक मिर्च लगाना” होगा।

नमक मिर्च लगाना का वाक्य प्रयोग-

तुमने उसे क्या कहा था और उसने तो पुरे गाव मे उसे नमक मिर्च लगाकर फैला दिया।

Thwart means to prevent (someone) from accomplishing something
On her way she meets a cast of New York characters who try to thwart her dreams
This country started by printing worthless currency to thwart the gold standard

पाणिनि शब्द के निर्माण में प्रत्यय का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है।

• पाणिनि मे सार्थक शब्दों का विग्रह नहीं होगा इसी कारण से पाणिनि शब्द मे प्रत्यय का प्रयोग नहीं होगा।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

• बालक = बाल + क (बाल मूल शब्द तथा क प्रत्यय है)
• कर्मठ = कर्म + ठ (कर्म मूल शब्द तथा ठ प्रत्यय है)
• कर्कश = कर्क + श (कर्क मूल शब्द तथा श प्रत्यय है)

Additional Informationप्रत्यय - ‘प्रत्यय’ दो शब्दों से बना है– प्रति + अय। ‘प्रति’ का अर्थ है ‘साथ में, पर बाद में; जबकि ‘अय’ का अर्थ ‘चलने वाला’ है।

ऐसे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के बाद लगकर (शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर) उस शब्द के अर्थ को बदल देते हैंऔर नए अर्थ का बोध कराते है, प्रत्यय कहलाते है।

Meaning of corpulent: Fat

Similar Words: 

• obese
• overweight
• plump

Additional Information:

• Meaning of Lean: to move the top part of your body and head forwards, backward or to the side
• Meaning of Gaunt: very thin because of hunger, illness, etc.
• Meaning of Emaciated: extremely thin and weak because of illness, lack of food, etc.

Explanation:

- The past participle form of the verb "shake" is "shaken."
- This form is used to create perfect tenses, such as present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect.
- Here are some examples of how "shaken" can be used in sentences:
- He has shaken the bottle vigorously.
- The earthquake had shaken the building.
- By the time I arrive, the snow will have shaken off the trees.

स्वभाव के अनुरूप तुम्हें यह कार्य करना चाहिए, यह विकल्प भाषा वर्तनी तथा व्याकरण की दृष्टि से उचित है। अतः सही विकल्प B "स्वभाव के अनुरूप तुम्हें यह कार्य करना चाहिए" है।

मैं कल परिवार सहित घूमने गया इस वाक्य में निपात का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है। Key Points

• किसी भी बात पर अतिरिक्त भार देने के लिए जिन शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है उसे निपात कहते है।
• जो अव्यय किसी शब्द के बाद लगकर उसके अर्थ को बल प्रदान करते हैं, वे निपात कहलाते हैं।
• निपात को अवधारक भी कहते हैं।
• निपात किसी बात पर जोर देने के लिए प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।

निपात के उदाहरण

• हमने ही यह कार्य पूरा किया है ।
• कल मेरा मित्र भी आएगा।

Additional Information

• बात अपने तक ही रखना।
• ही निपात है।
• तुम भी कल चले आओ।
• भी निपात है।
• शिक्षा केवल साधन है
• केवल निपात है।

The idiom head over heels is used to imply that she was very much excited about her relationship with her boyfriend. She was overwhelmed in joy because of that relationship but it ended in despair only. Among the given options, we can choose option D since it provides us with the correct meaning of the given idiom as underlined.

This makes option D the correct choice among the given options.

The word Verity (Noun) means : a belief or principle about life that is accepted as true; truth. Hence, the words verity and falsehood are antonymous. 

"उक्ति व्यक्ति प्रकरण" प्रचलित  व्याकरण ग्रंथ है। 

उक्ति-व्यक्ति-प्रकरण, दामोदर शर्मा द्वारा रचित हिंदी व्याकरण का पहला ग्रंथ है। हिन्दी व्याकरण के इतिहास में इसका महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है। इसका रचना काल 12वीं शती का पूर्वार्द्ध माना जाता है।

Option C is correct. The immediate cause of Shahjahan's rebellion against Jahangir was that Shahjahan refused to go to Qandhar, which had been besieged by the Persians. Shahjahan believed that Jahangir's orders were reckless and that he should not have to risk his life in such a risky campaign. This led to a rift between the two and eventually resulted in Shahjahan's rebellion against Jahangir.

Sisir Kumar Ghosh and his brother Moti Lal Ghosh founded the Bengali newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika in 1868. 

Swadesamitran: It was founded by G Subramania Aiyer who also served as the papers first editor. 

Voice of India: It was started by Dadabhai Naoroji in the year 1883. The publishing of the newspaper started in Bombay.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak published two newspapers, namely, 'The Kesari' in Marathi, and 'The Mahratta' in English, to create awareness among the people.

Hence all options are correct.

The correct answer is All of the above.

• Sound is the main means of communication in many animals, including humans. A low sound is pleasant and harmless. A loud, unpleasant, or unwanted sound is called noise.
• Sources of Noise Pollution:
  • ​​Industrialization: Most of the industries use big machines which are capable of producing noise.
  • Poor Urban Planning: In most developing countries, poor urban planning also plays a vital role.
  • Social Events: Noise is at its peak in most social events.
  • Transportation: A large number of vehicles on roads, airplanes, trains produce heavy noise.
  • Construction Activities: Construction activities like mining, construction of bridges, dams, buildings, stations, roads, flyovers take place in almost every part of the world.
  • Fireworks: Firework is a common thing during various fairs, festivals, and cultural ceremonies

Additional Information

Effects of noise pollution: 

• Auditory effects:
  • ​Deafness or impaired hearing: Prolonged exposures to noise lead to gradual deterioration of the internal ear and subsequently hearing loss or deafness.
  • Auditory fatigue: It is defined as a temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.
• Nonauditory effects:
  • Irritation and annoyance: Noise, sometimes, leads to emotional disturbances and makes people lose their temper.
  • Work efficiency: It has been observed that noise reduces the efficiency of work.
  • Physiological effects: It includes dilation of the pupils, paling of skin, tensing of voluntary muscles, diminishing of gastric secretions, increase in diastolic blood pressure.

India is set to chair the International Sugar Organisation (ISO) in 2024, underlining its prominent position as the world's largest consumer and second-largest producer of sugar.

According to the World Bank's criterion in 2016, countries with an annual income of US $ 12236 per annum and above are classified as rich countries. This income threshold is used to differentiate between nations with higher incomes, which are considered more developed, and those with lower incomes.

Former Attorney General Feleti Teo has been chosen as Tuvalu’s new prime minister by parliamentary members after a recent election spotlighted the nation’s ties with Taiwan. Teo, the sole nominee, was unanimously elected by 15 lawmakers without a vote. Following the January 26 election where the pro-Taiwan predecessor, Kausea Natano, lost his seat, Teo’s swearing-in ceremony and cabinet appointment are scheduled for later this week.

Concept:

The direct consequences of man-​made climate change include:

• Rising maximum and minimum temperatures.
• Rising sea levels 
• Higher ocean temperatures 
• An increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail)
• Shrinking glaciers
• Thawing permafrost

The indirect consequences of climate change, which directly affect us humans and our environment, include: 

• An increase in hunger and water crises, especially in developing countries.
• Health risks through rising air temperatures and heatwaves. 
• Economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change 
• Increasing spread of pests and pathogens
• Loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna  
• Ocean acidification due to increased HCO₃ concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations.

So Ozone layer depletion is not an effect of climate change.

The correct answer is 4.4.

Key Points

• The formula to calculate the average of given numbers is equal to the sum of all the values divided by the total number of values.
• In MS-Excel the format of using the Average formula is
  • ​= Average(number1, number 2, number 3, .....).
• Here, the sum of numbers is 22 and this should be divided by 5.
• Hence the result is 4.4

Additional Information

• SUM(): This function is used to adds all the values within a cell range.
• ROUND(): The round function is used to round a number to a specified number of digits.
• RAND(): This function is used to returns a random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1.
• MOD(): This function is used to find the remainder after dividing a number by another number.

The correct answer is ​Program Unit.

• A program unit is a sequence of one or more lines, organized as statements, comments, and directives. A subprogram is either a function or a subroutine and is either an internal, external, or module subprogram.
• A program unit is usually a sequence of statements that define the data environment and the steps necessary to perform calculations; it is terminated by an END statement.

Additional Information 

• A Fortran program consists of one or more program units.
• Alternately referred to as a processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced sea-pea-you) is the central processing unit of the computer.
• A computer's CPU handles all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer. It is often referred to as the brain of the computer.
• Components of CPU:
  • ALU (arithmetic logic unit) - performs mathematical, logical, and decision operations.
  • CU (control unit) - directs all the processor's operations.
  • Storage Unit.

The correct answer is New Incognito Window.

Key Points

• Incognito Window
  • ​Private browsing is a privacy feature in some web browsers.
  • When operating in such a mode, the browser creates a temporary session that is isolated from the browser's main session and user data.
  • Browse in private
    • Switch on computer > open the Chrome app.
    • To the right of the address bar, tap More> New Incognito tab.
    • A new window appears.
    • In the top left, check for the Incognito icon.

Additional Information

• New tab and New window
  • The big difference is that browser tabs are easier for users to manage than browser windows.
  • When a new window opens, it covers the user's earlier window.
  • But when a new tab opens, the user can still see their earlier tab at the top.
• New Window
  • ​Open File Explorer (Win+X)> Right-click or press and hold on one or more selected folder libraries, or drives in File Explorer> click/tap on Open in a new window.
• New Tab ​
  • New Tab is a button on the tab bar which easily creates a new file. 
• ​Bookmark
  • ​A bookmark is a saved shortcut that directs your browser to a specific webpage.
  • It stores the title, URL, and favicon of the corresponding page.

The correct answer is Inkjet printer.

• Non-impact printers print the characters without using ribbons. These printers print a complete page at a time so they are also called page printers.
  • E.g. Ink-Jet printer, Laser printer etc.

Additional Information

• The impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon which is then pressed on the paper.
  • E.g. Drum printer, chain printer, Dot matrix printer etc.

Correct answer is Optical Mark Reader

Key Points 

• Optical mark recognition (OMR) is an electronic method of gathering human-handled data by identifying certain markings on a document.
• Usually the optical mark recognition process is achieved with the aid of a scanner that checks the transmission or reflection of light through the paper; places having markings will reflect less light than the blank paper, resulting in less contrasting reflectivity.
• Optical mark recognition is also known as optical mark reading or, more commonly, by the brand name Scantron.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Alt + I.

Key Points

• Other important computer shortcut keys
  • Ctrl + M -- Indent the paragraph.
  • Ctrl + B -- Bold highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + D -- Font options.
  • Alt + F--File menu options in the current program.
  • Alt + E--Edits options in the current program.
  • F1--Universal help (for any sort of program).
  • Ctrl + A--Selects all text.
  • Ctrl + X--Cuts the selected item.
  • Ctrl + Del--Delete the next word.
  • Ctrl + C--Copy any selected item.
  • Ctrl + Ins-- Copies any highlighted text into the clipboard. 
  • Ctrl + V--Paste the selected item.
  • Shift + Ins -- Paste the selected item.
  • Home -- Takes the user to the beginning of the current line.
  • Ctrl + Home--Go to the beginning of the document.
  • End -- Go to the end of the current line.
  • Ctrl + End -- Go to the end of a document.
  • Shift + Home -- Highlight from the current position to the beginning of the line.
  • Shift + End -- Highlight from the current position to the end of the line.
  • Ctrl + (Left arrow) -- Move one word to the left at a time.
  • Ctrl + (Right arrow) -- Move one word to the right at a time.

Answer:
802.5 is the correct answer because it provides for a collision-free protocol. Here's a detailed explanation:
802 Standards:
The 802 standards are a set of networking protocols defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). These standards define the specifications for various aspects of network communication, including data link layer protocols, physical layer specifications, and network management.
Collision:
In networking, a collision occurs when two or more devices on a network attempt to transmit data at the same time, resulting in a garbled signal. Collisions can cause data loss and network congestion, leading to decreased performance.
802.2:
- Also known as the Logical Link Control (LLC) standard.
- Defines the interface between the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer and the network layer.
- It does not provide a collision-free protocol.
802.3:
- Also known as Ethernet.
- Defines the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol.
- CSMA/CD allows devices to detect collisions and handle them by retransmitting the data.
- It does not provide a collision-free protocol.
802.5:
- Also known as Token Ring.
- Defines a token passing protocol, where a token is passed between devices to control access to the network.
- Only the device holding the token can transmit data, ensuring a collision-free protocol.
- It provides a collision-free protocol.
802.6:
- Also known as Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB).
- Defines a protocol for metropolitan area networks (MANs).
- It does not provide a collision-free protocol.
Therefore, the correct answer is 802.5 as it provides for a collision-free protocol.

Why a computer cannot "boot" without an operating system:

• Definition of "boot": Booting refers to the process of starting up a computer and loading the necessary software to make it ready for use.


• Primary functions of an operating system: The operating system (OS) is responsible for managing all the hardware and software resources of a computer, and it performs several essential functions during the boot process:




• Hardware initialization: The OS initializes and configures all the hardware components of the computer, such as the processor, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.


• Device drivers: The OS loads the necessary device drivers, which are software programs that enable communication between the operating system and the hardware devices.


• File system management: The OS mounts the file system, allowing it to access and organize the files stored on the storage devices.


• Process management: The OS creates and manages processes, which are the executing instances of programs, allowing multiple programs to run concurrently.


• User interface: The OS provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer, whether through a graphical interface or a command-line interface.




• Boot process: The boot process involves several steps, including:




• Power-on self-test (POST): The computer's firmware (BIOS or UEFI) performs a diagnostic test to check the hardware components and ensure they are functioning properly.


• Bootloader: The firmware locates and executes the bootloader, which is responsible for loading the operating system into memory.


• Operating system: The bootloader transfers control to the operating system, allowing it to take over and continue the boot process.




• Conclusion: Without an operating system, the computer would not have the necessary software to manage its hardware resources, provide a user interface, or execute programs. Therefore, a computer cannot "boot" without an operating system.

To determine the size of a monitor, we measure the screen diagonally, from the top left corner to the bottom right corner. Here's a detailed explanation:
Diagonal Measurement:
- The size of a monitor is typically measured diagonally because it provides an accurate representation of the screen's actual size.
- The diagonal measurement is obtained by measuring the distance from the top left corner of the screen to the bottom right corner in a straight line.
- This measurement helps us understand the physical size of the screen and is commonly used to compare and select monitors.
Other Measurements:
- While diagonal measurement is the standard for determining monitor size, other measurements are also important for specific purposes.
- Vertical measurement refers to the distance from the top to the bottom of the screen, which is essential for understanding the screen's height.
- Horizontal measurement refers to the distance from the left to the right of the screen, which helps in determining the screen's width.
- However, these measurements alone do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the monitor's size.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the size of a monitor is determined by measuring the screen diagonally, from the top left corner to the bottom right corner. This measurement provides an accurate representation of the screen's size and is commonly used for comparing and selecting monitors.

Hyperlinks cannot be:
1. Special shapes like stars and banners:
- Hyperlinks cannot be applied directly to special shapes like stars and banners.
- These shapes can be included in a webpage design, but they cannot function as clickable hyperlinks.
- To create a hyperlink, you need to use anchor tags () and specify the target URL.
2. Drawing objects like rectangles and ovals:
- Similar to special shapes, drawing objects like rectangles and ovals cannot be hyperlinks on their own.
- These objects can be used for visual design purposes, but they do not have the inherent ability to link to other web pages or resources.
- To make them clickable, you need to wrap them with anchor tags and specify the target URL.
3. Pictures:
- Pictures or images can be hyperlinks, but they are not inherently hyperlinks themselves.
- To make a picture clickable, you need to wrap it with an anchor tag and specify the target URL.
- This allows users to click on the picture and be redirected to the specified web page.
4. All can be hyperlinks:
- This statement is incorrect.
- Special shapes, drawing objects, and pictures cannot be hyperlinks on their own.
- However, by using anchor tags and combining them with these elements, they can become clickable hyperlinks.
In summary, while special shapes, drawing objects, and pictures cannot be hyperlinks by themselves, they can be made clickable when combined with anchor tags and specifying the target URLs.

The Correct Answer is Logic Bomb.

 Key Points

• A logic bomb is a piece of code inserted into an operating system or software application that implements a malicious function after a certain time limit or specific conditions are met.
• Logic bombs are often used with viruses, worms, and trojan horses to time them to do maximum damage before being noticed.

 Important Points

• A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is a type of cyber attack in which a malicious actor aims to render a computer or other device unavailable to its intended users by interrupting the device's normal functioning.
• Rootkits are a type of malware that are designed so that they can remain hidden in the computer.
• Rootkits give cybercriminals the ability to remotely control the computer.

Additional Information

• Malicious Software refers to any malicious program that causes harm to a computer system or network.
• Malicious Malware Software attacks a computer or network in the form of viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, adware or rootkits.

The correct option is (2)

Buffer

Key Points

• A memory area known as a buffer is used to store data momentarily while it is being transferred from one location to another.
• When transferring data between computer processes, a buffer is employed. The vast majority of buffers are used in the software.
• The main memory (RAM buffer)'s memory serves as a short-term storage space for data being sent between two or more devices or between an application and a device.

Additional Information

•  Its acronym is ALU or arithmetic-logic unit. It is a component of a computer processor (CPU) that performs mathematical and logical processes.
• A computer's CPU contains hardware called a control unit, or CU, which controls operations. It provides instructions on how to process commands from the program for the computer's memory, logic module, and input and output devices.