NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 2 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

'मधुशाला'  हरिवंश राय बच्चन' की रचना है। 

हरिवंश राय बच्चन की अन्य रचनाएँ हैं- मिलन यामिनी, मधुबाला, निशा निमंत्रण, एकांत संगीत, सतरंगिनी आदि।

"ध" और "द"  दंत्य वर्ण है। 

दन्त्य वर्ण- जिन वर्णों का उच्चारण ऊपर के दांतों पर जीभ के लगने से होता है, उसे दन्त्य वर्ण कहते हैं। जैसे- त, थ, द, ध, न, ल, और दन्त्य स।

Answer: B. next to Explanation: - The preposition "under" means in a lower position or below something else. - The preposition "next to" means at the side of or immediately adjacent to something else. - The preposition "between" means in the space separating two things or points. - The preposition "on" means physically in contact with and supported by something else. In this case, "next to" is the most appropriate preposition to use, as it describes the computer being immediately adjacent to the telephone.

The idiom is incorrectly used in the sentence I and the correct idiom will be ‘bat an eye’.
Cross paths: encounter or meet someone by chance.
Bat an eye: to avoid expressing surprise, fear, or shock.
The usage of the idiom in statement II is absolutely correct.
Fall on deaf ears: to disregard or ignore.
The usage of the idiom in statement III is absolutely correct.
Clarion call: a clarion is a high-pitch bugle.
Hence, the correct answer is option D. 

Explanation:

• Identifying the context: In the sentence, the bird watcher is observing different habitats like forest, meadow, lake, swamp, or field.



• Article usage: The article "a" is used before forest, meadow, lake, swamp, or field because the sentence is referring to any of these types of habitats in a general sense.



• Correct choice: Option B: "a" is the most appropriate word for Blank No. 32 as it indicates a non-specific habitat where the bird watcher can look for birds.

विकल्प 4 में त्रुटि है।

Key Points

• ‘सत्य और अहिंसा के पुजारी है', भूतकाल की दृष्टि से वाक्य का यह भाग त्रुटिपूर्ण है।
• ‘है’ की जगह यहाँ ‘थे’ क्रिया का प्रयोग होना चाहिए।
• शेष अन्य सभी विकल्प त्रुटिरहित हैं।

Additional Information

• वर्तनी- लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी या अक्षरी कहते हैं। यदि उच्चारण अशुद्ध होता है तो वर्तनी भी अशुद्ध होती है। प्रायः अपनी मातृभाषा या बोली के कारण तथा व्याकरण संबंधी ज्ञान की कमी के कारण उच्चारण में अशुद्धियाँ आ जाती हैं जिसके कारण वर्तनी में भी अशुद्धियाँ आ जाती हैं।
• अशुद्धियाँ कई प्रकार की होती हैं, जैसे -

1. स्वर संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
2. अनुस्वार– अनुनासिक संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
3. विसर्ग संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
4. व्यंजन संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
5. अमानक रूप संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
6. लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
7. कारक संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
8. सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
9. काल संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ

‘रामचरितमानस’ के रचनाकार तुलसीदास हैं। यह रचना अवधी भाषा में की गयी है।श्री रामचरितमानस अवधी भाषा में गोस्वामी तुलसीदास द्वारा रचित एक महाकाव्य है। इस ग्रन्थ को अवधी साहित्य (हिंदी साहित्य) की एक महान कृति माना जाता है।

One word substitution is Centrifugal.

Centrifugal: moving or tending to move away from a centre.
Centripetal: moving or tending to move towards a centre.
Axiomatic: self-evident or unquestionable.
Awry: away from the usual or expected course
 

• राजभवन‍ का विग्रह ‘राजा का भवन’ होगा।
• राजभवन शब्द में तत्पुरुष समास है।

Key Pointsतत्पुरुष समास​ :

• तत्पुरुष समास वह होता है, जिसमें उत्तरपद प्रधान होता है, अर्थात प्रथम पद गौण होता है एवं उत्तर पद की प्रधानता होती है व समास करते वक़्त बीच की विभक्ति का लोप हो जाता है।
• इस समास में आने वाले कारक चिन्हों को, से, के लिए, से, का/के/की, में, पर आदि का लोप होता है।

उदाहरण :

• ग्रामवासी शब्द का विग्रह : ग्राम का निवासी।
• धर्मग्रंथ शब्द का विग्रह : धर्म का ग्रंथ।
• मांसाहारी शब्द का विग्रह : मांस को खाने वाला।

Additional Information

समास:- समास उस प्रक्रिया को कहते हैं, जिसमें दो शब्द मिलाकर उनके बीच के संबंधसूचक आदि का लोप करके नया शब्द बनाया जाता है।
समास के माध्यम से कम शब्दों में अधिक अर्थ प्रकट किया जाता है।
जैसे - युद्धभूमि - युद्ध के लिए भूमि।

• समास के छः प्रकार हैं।
  • अव्ययीभाव समास
  • सतत्पुरुष समास
  • कर्मधारय समास
  • द्विगु समास
  • द्वन्द समास
  • बहुव्रीहि समास

Slander is to work on lines so as to defame the character and image of a person. Thus, defame is the nearest synonym to slander.   
Example- During elections, there is a fest of defamation between politicians.

शब्द “अन्वय” का संधि-विच्छेद “अनु + अय” होता है। यहाँ “उ” और “अ” मिलकर “य” हो जाता है, अतः यह एक यण संधि का उदाहरण है।

The original sentence "Darjeeling grows tea" is in the active voice.

The correct option that expresses the same sentence in the passive voice is:

D. Tea is grown in Darjeeling.

उन्मीलन का अर्थ - खुलना (आँख का), खिलना

निमीलन का अर्थ - पलक का गिरना, झपकना

'अल्प' का उचित विलोम शब्द 'अयोग्य' नहीं है। 

अयोग्य का विलोम शब्द 'योग्य होता है। 

अन्य सभी शब्द इसके उचित विलोम होंगे। 

'अयोग्य' में 'अ' उपसर्ग है और 'योग्य' मूल शब्द है। 

अल्प के अन्य विलोम शब्द हैं- अनल्प, महा, बहु, अति आदि।

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में 'कारक संबंधी' अशुद्धि है। शुद्ध वाक्य है ‘फल खूब पका होना चाहिए।' यहाँ कारक परसर्ग 'को' लगाने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।
'को' कर्म कारक द्वितीय विभक्ति का चिन्ह है। अन्य विकल्प गलत हैं। अतः सही विकल्प 'कारक संबंधी' है।

'आठ' संख्या को बताता है। 

पंडित – मूर्ख का विलोम युग्म सही है, अन्य विकल्पों का शब्द युग्म सही नहीं हैं।

परिश्रम - विश्राम

अग्रज- अनुज

पंडित - मूर्ख

स्वजाति- विजाति

अत: विकल्प (C) सही है I

While the Congress was ready to cooperate with the League for the independence of the Indian Union, the League did not care for the independence of the Union. It was only interesting in a separate nation. Hindu leaders led by Vir Savarkar condemned the CR Plan

In cardinal utility approch utility is measured in numerical terms.And unit used for measurement is known as utils.

For simplicity, all the working persons engaged in different industrial divisions can be clubbed into three major sectors viz. primary, secondary and tertiary sector. The service sector includes trade, transport and storage, and services. About 24 per cent of workers are in the service sector.

Answer:
Constituencies for Lok Sabha elections:
- The country is divided into constituencies for Lok Sabha elections.
- A constituency is a specific geographic area that elects a representative to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
Number of constituencies:
- The country is divided into a total of 543 constituencies for Lok Sabha elections.
Explanation:
- The total number of constituencies in India for Lok Sabha elections is fixed at 543.
- Each constituency represents a specific area within the country, and the voters of that constituency elect one Member of Parliament (MP) to represent them in the Lok Sabha.
- The number of constituencies is determined based on various factors, including the population size and demographics of each region.
- The delimitation commission is responsible for the division of constituencies and redrawing boundaries after every census to ensure fair representation and equal distribution of seats.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 543 constituencies.

RTI stands for Right to Information. Right toInformation is a part of fundamental rights under Article 19(1) of the Constitution. Article 19 (1) says that every citizen has freedom of speech and expression. The Central Right to Information Act came into force on the 12^th October, 2005.

Chit funds come under unorganised credit:

• Definition: Chit funds are informal savings schemes where a group of individuals come together to contribute a fixed amount of money periodically. This money is then given to one member of the group in a rotating manner.


• Regulation: Chit funds are not regulated by any financial authority in most countries, making them a part of the unorganised credit sector.


• Risk: Chit funds are riskier than traditional banking systems as they do not have any legal framework to protect the investors.


• Informal Nature: Chit funds operate on trust and mutual understanding among the members, without any formal documentation or legal backing.


• Usage: Chit funds are commonly used by individuals who do not have access to formal banking services or who prefer a more flexible and informal savings scheme.

utility represents satisfaction experienced by the consumer from a good.

Reliance Industries (RIL) has announced a merger deal with Viacom18 Media and The Walt Disney Company to establish a joint venture (JV) integrating Viacom18 and Star India operations. With RIL committing a significant investment of Rs 11,500 crore (approximately US$ 1.4 billion) into the JV, this strategic move aims to reshape the Indian entertainment and sports industry landscape.

The correct answer is closed-circuit television.

• The full form of CCTV is a closed-circuit television.

Key Points

• CCTV is an acronym for closed-circuit television.
• The inventor of the CCTV camera was Walter Bruch.
• It was first used in 1942 in Germany.
• It is used for video surveillance.
• It uses video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. 

The correct answer is option 2.

 Key Points

• CAD stands for Computer Aided Design.
• CAD is a software technology used by architects, engineers, and designers to create 2D and 3D models of products and structures.
• CAD software helps to improve accuracy, reduce errors, and increase productivity in the design process.
• CAD is used in a variety of industries including automotive, aerospace, and construction.

 Additional Information

• Computer add dialog: There is no such term as "computer add dialog" in the field of computer-aided design.
• Computer Aided Data: - This option is incorrect as "data" is a broad term and does not specifically refer to the process of design.
• Computer Aided Diagram: This option is incorrect as "diagram" is a specific type of visual representation and does not encompass the entire design process. 

Which service provides 3D view of earth?
The service that provides a 3D view of the Earth is Google Earth.
Google Earth:
- Google Earth is a virtual globe, map, and geographical information program that allows users to explore and navigate the Earth in 3D.
- It provides a detailed view of the Earth's surface, including landscapes, buildings, and landmarks.
- Users can zoom in and out, rotate the view, and navigate to different locations around the world.
- It offers features such as Street View, which allows users to view and navigate through street-level imagery.
- Google Earth also provides historical imagery, allowing users to see how a location has changed over time.
- It is available as a desktop application and also as a web-based version called Google Earth Web.
Wikipedia:
- Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that provides information on various topics, including Earth-related information.
- While Wikipedia may include images and maps of the Earth, it does not offer a 3D view of the Earth like Google Earth.
Skype:
- Skype is a telecommunications application that provides video chat and voice call services.
- It does not provide a 3D view of the Earth.
None of these:
- This option is incorrect as Google Earth does provide a 3D view of the Earth.
In conclusion, the service that provides a 3D view of the Earth is Google Earth.

Evolution of Ethernet from a Coaxial Cable Bus to Hub Managed, Twisted Pair Network
The first step in the evolution of Ethernet from a coaxial cable bus to a hub managed, twisted pair network was the introduction of the Star LAN. Here is a detailed explanation of this evolution:
1. Coaxial Cable Bus:
- Initially, Ethernet networks were based on a coaxial cable bus topology.
- In this setup, all devices were connected to a single cable, forming a bus-like structure.
- Data was transmitted over the cable, and each device could listen to the data being transmitted.
2. Limitations of Coaxial Cable Bus:
- The coaxial cable bus had limitations in terms of distance, speed, and scalability.
- It had a limited maximum distance for data transmission.
- As the network grew, the signal quality degraded, leading to performance issues.
- The bus topology was also susceptible to collisions, resulting in data collisions and network congestion.
3. Introduction of Star LAN:
- To overcome the limitations of the coaxial cable bus, the Star LAN topology was introduced.
- In the Star LAN, each device is connected to a central device called a hub or switch using twisted pair cables.
- The hub or switch acts as a central point for data transmission and management.
4. Advantages of Star LAN:
- The Star LAN topology addressed the limitations of the coaxial cable bus.
- It allowed for longer cable distances, as the hub or switch could regenerate and amplify the signal.
- Each device had its own dedicated connection to the hub or switch, eliminating the signal degradation issues of the bus topology.
- The star topology also reduced the likelihood of collisions, improving network performance and reliability.
5. Further Evolution:
- After the introduction of the Star LAN, Ethernet continued to evolve.
- Ring LAN and Mesh LAN are other network topologies that were developed, but they did not directly lead to the hub managed, twisted pair network evolution.
- Ring LAN uses a ring topology, and Mesh LAN employs multiple direct connections between devices.
In conclusion, the first step in the evolution of Ethernet from a coaxial cable bus to a hub managed, twisted pair network was the introduction of the Star LAN topology. This topology addressed the limitations of the coaxial cable bus and provided improved performance, scalability, and reliability for Ethernet networks.

UNIX operating system is a/an ______.
UNIX operating system is an all of the above - a time sharing operating system, a multi-user operating system, and a multi-tasking operating system.
Time sharing operating system:
- UNIX allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously, with each user having their own terminal or session.
- The operating system efficiently allocates and manages system resources such as CPU time, memory, and peripherals among the users.
Multi-user operating system:
- UNIX supports multiple users accessing the system at the same time.
- Each user has their own user account, with their own files and processes.
- Users can concurrently perform tasks and share resources on the system.
Multi-tasking operating system:
- UNIX allows multiple processes to run concurrently.
- It manages the execution of multiple programs simultaneously, dividing the CPU time among them.
- Users can run multiple applications or tasks at the same time, improving overall system efficiency.
Summary:
UNIX is a versatile operating system that supports time sharing, multi-user, and multi-tasking capabilities. It allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously, runs multiple processes concurrently, and efficiently manages system resources.