NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 4 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

यदि विसर्ग के पहले अ, आ को छोड़कर कोई स्वर हो और बाद में पांचों वर्गों का तीसरा, चौथा, पांचवां वर्ण या य, र, ल, व, ह या कोई स्वर हो तो विसर्ग के स्थान पर र् हो जाता है जैसे दुः + गुण = दुर्गुण, दुः + जन = दुर्जन। इसी प्रकार दुः + गम = दुर्गम।

"भारत में अनेक दर्शनीय स्थल हैं" विकल्प भाषा वर्तनी तथा व्याकरण की दृष्टि से उचित है। अतः A "भारत में अनेक दर्शनीय स्थल हैं" सही विकल्प है।

• "अनेक" एक शुद्ध शब्द है, जबकीं अनेको शब्द अशुद्ध है। 
• जो देखने योग्य हो उसे- दर्शनीय कहा जाता है।  

Answer: a. Explanation: - The correct preposition to use in this sentence is "behind." - "Behind" is used to indicate the location of something at the back or rear of another object or place. - In this case, the apple trees are located at the back of the house. Using the other options: - B: "in" would imply that the apple trees are inside the house, which is not correct. - C: "on" would suggest that the apple trees are on top of the house, which is also incorrect. - D: "at" does not properly describe the location of the trees in relation to the house, making it an incorrect choice as well.

'वारिधि' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'समुद्र' है। 

वारिधि के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - नीरनिधि, अर्णव, जलधाम, अकूपाद, नदीश, सागर, पयोधि, समुद्र, उदधि, पारावार, जलधि आदि।

The sentence means that the person in concern changed his lifestyle completely after serving his prison sentence. "Turned over a new leaf" is a phrase that is used to depict a new beginning to something.
Thus, the sentence is correct in its original form and option 4 is correct.

संथाली एक भाषा है। यह संथाली 'ऑस्ट्रो-ऑस्टिक' परिवार की एक शाखा से जुड़ी भाषा है। जो 'हो' और 'मन्दारी' से संबंधित है। संथाली भाषा को लगभग 60 लाख लोग भारत, बांग्लादेश, नेपाल और भूटान में बोलते हैं। भारत में ज़्यादातर संथाली भाषा का प्रयोग झारखंड, असम, बिहार, उड़ीसा, त्रिपुरा और पश्चिम बंगाल  के राज्यों में होता है। इसकी अपनी "ओल चिकी" वर्णमाला है। 

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प "सूरज" सही है।

Key Points

• सूरज शब्द एकवचन शब्द है।
• केश, नेत्र व रोम शब्द बहुवचन शब्द होते हैं।
• सूरज के पर्याय
  • अंशुमान, सूर्य, रवि, दिनकर, दिवाकर, प्रभाकर, भास्कर।

Additional Information

• हिन्दी में निम्न शब्द सदैव बहुवचन में ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं-
  • होश,आँसू, आदरणीय, व्यक्ति हेतु प्रयुक्त शब्द आप,दर्शन, भाग्य, दाम, हस्ताक्षर, प्राण, समाचार, बाल, लोग, होश, हाल-चाल।

Traditional products from Tripura, Matabari Pera Prasad and Rignai Pachara textiles, have recently earned Geographical Indication (GI) tags, bringing the state’s total to 4 GI protected products. Matabari Pera Prasad, a sweet from Tripureswari temple, is made from milk and sugar. Rignai Pachara textiles, traditional hand-woven attire, symbolize Tripura’s cultural heritage. These products’ GI recognition highlights their significance and authenticity, attracting global attention and marketing opportunities.

Workers in the Tertiary sector do not produce goods.

The correct answer is 15th July, 1997.

Key Points

• Jhajjar was separated from Rohtak district on 15th July 1997 (officially).
• Jhajjar district was created out of Rohtak district by carving out Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh tahsils on 25th June 1997. 
• During the period of 1991-2001, the following jurisdictional changes were observed.:
  • Bahadurgarh tahsil contained 62 villages and Bahadurgarh Town.
  • Jhajjar tahsil contained 199 villages and two towns, namely, Jhajjar and Beri, and these were part of Rohtak district.
  • Beri tahsil was newly created on 27th July 1995 by transferring 39 villages and Beri Town from Jhajjar tahsil.
  • Bahadurgarh tahsil gained 9 villages from Jhajjar tahsil and lost 2 villages to Rohtak tahsil (Rohtak district).

 

Function of Gopa during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya:

• Incharge of a group of villages: Gopa was responsible for overseeing and managing a group of villages under the Mauryan administration.


• Administrative role: He was tasked with ensuring the smooth functioning of these villages and resolving any disputes or issues that arose among the villagers.


• Collection of taxes: Gopa was also responsible for collecting taxes from the villagers and ensuring that the revenue reached the central government.


• Reporting to higher authorities: Gopa would report to higher officials in the administrative hierarchy, providing updates on the status of the villages under his jurisdiction.


• Importance in governance: The role of Gopa was crucial in maintaining law and order, as well as ensuring the economic stability of the villages during the Mauryan period.

By performing these duties efficiently, Gopa played a significant role in the governance and administration of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya.

Under the Culture and Educational Right in India, all of the options except Option B are allowed. Admissions cannot be denied on the basis of religion and culture in government aided educational organisations set up by cultural groups. Here is a detailed explanation:
Option A: Every cultural group has the right to protect its language and culture.
- This is allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- It ensures that every cultural group has the freedom to preserve and promote its language and culture.
Option B: Admissions can be denied on the basis of religion and culture in government aided educational organisations set up by cultural groups.
- This is not allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- The Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion and culture in educational institutions, especially those receiving government aid.
Option C: All minority groups have the right to establish educational institutions of their choice.
- This is allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- Minority groups have the right to establish and administer educational institutions to protect and preserve their culture and identity.
Option D: None of these.
- This option is incorrect as Option B is not allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
In conclusion, Option B is the correct answer as it goes against the principles of non-discrimination and equal access to education in India.

SpaceX successfully deployed the TSAT-1A satellite developed by Tata Advanced Systems Limited in partnership with Satellogic Inc. The launch took place from SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The TSAT-1A satellite was assembled at TASL’s Assembly plant in Vemagal, Karnataka, and is designed to deliver high-resolution optical satellite images.

The OECD designates the United States as the leading aid provider in 2022, based on data from ForeignAssistance.gov, an official US government platform, providing insights into US aid patterns and destinations from 2001 to 2023. Between 2001 and 2023, the US allocated $677 billion in aid to 213 nations, with Afghanistan, Israel, and Iraq topping the list of recipients in the last two decades.

Explanation:
A MultiNational Company (MNC) is a company that operates and has a presence in more than one country. It is characterized by its ability to conduct business on a global scale and has several distinguishing features. Let's examine each of the options to determine which one is not a feature of an MNC:
A: It owns/controls production in more than one nation.
- This is a characteristic feature of an MNC. It refers to the ability of the company to have production facilities or operations in multiple countries.
B: It sets up factories where it is close to the markets.
- This is another characteristic feature of an MNC. It involves the strategic placement of factories or production facilities in locations that are close to the target markets. This allows the company to reduce transportation costs and respond quickly to market demands.
C: It organizes production in complex ways.
- This is also a feature of an MNC. Due to its global operations, an MNC often organizes production in complex ways, such as establishing supply chains that span multiple countries or implementing decentralized production processes.
D: It employs labor only from its own country.
- This is not a feature of an MNC. MNCs typically employ a diverse workforce from different countries, including the host country where their operations are located. Hiring labor only from their own country would limit the company's ability to adapt to local markets and take advantage of the diverse skills and expertise available globally.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: It employs labor only from its own country. This is not a feature of a MultiNational Company.

• Vajrayana, Mantrayana, Esoteric Buddhism and Tantric Buddhism refer to the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and 'Secret Mantra', which are systems of beliefs and practices that developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia under varying names and forms.

• It subscribes to the literature known as the Buddhist Tantras. It includes practices that use mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas, and the visualization of deities and Buddhas.

• According to its scriptures, Vajrayana refers to one of the three vehicles or routes to enlightenment, the other two being the Sravakayana (also known as the Hinayana) and Mahayana.

we mean the time when the Sun passes the celestial meridian, reaching its maximum height in the sky. As the Earth turns on its rotation axis, it also moves along its orbit around the Sun. ... The speed chosen is the average speed of the Sun's ecliptic motion, leading to a mean solar day of 24 hours.

The correct answer is Kurukshetra.

A relatively elastic demand curve has a steeper slope.A relatively elastic demand has a flatter curve because the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than a percentage change in price.

 

• These upsurges were like a direct and violent conflict with authority, which had obvious limitations.

• Only the more militant sections could participate. 

• These upsurges were short-lived and were confined to a few urban centres while the general INA agitation reached the remotest villages. Communal unity witnessed was more organizational than unity among the people. 

• Muslim ratings went to the League to seek advice and the rest to the Congress and the Socialists.

The unorganized sector covers most of the rural labour and a substantial part of urban labour. It uses mainly labour intensive and indigenous technology.

Introduction:
Basket weaving, pottery, and other handicrafts are examples of traditional crafts that have been practiced for centuries. These crafts are often produced on a small scale and are typically made by individual artisans or small groups of artisans. They are considered to be part of the cottage industry.
Explanation:
Cottage industries are small-scale, decentralized manufacturing businesses that are typically run from the homes of the workers. These industries often rely on manual labor and traditional techniques to produce handmade goods. Basket weaving, pottery, and other handicrafts are perfect examples of cottage industries because:
1. Handmade production: These crafts are typically made by hand using traditional methods and techniques. Each piece is unique and reflects the skill and creativity of the artisan.
2. Small-scale production: Basket weaving, pottery, and other handicrafts are usually produced in small quantities. The production process is often labor-intensive and time-consuming, making it difficult to scale up production.
3. Local sourcing of materials: Artisans often source their materials locally, such as using locally grown fibers for basket weaving or clay from nearby sources for pottery. This not only supports local economies but also adds uniqueness to the products.
4. Artistic expression: Handicrafts are often regarded as an art form, allowing artisans to express their creativity and cultural heritage through their work. These crafts carry a sense of tradition and are deeply rooted in local culture.
5. Market demand: Handicrafts have a niche market, with consumers appreciating the authenticity and uniqueness of these products. They are often sought after as decorative items or as gifts.
Conclusion:
Basket weaving, pottery, and other handicrafts are prime examples of cottage industries. They embody the traditional craftsmanship, artistic expression, and cultural heritage of a region. These industries provide opportunities for artisans to showcase their skills and contribute to the local economy while preserving traditional techniques and knowledge.

URL is the name for a web page address.

1. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
2. Every web page that is displayed on the Internet has a specific address associated with it. This address is known as the URL. It tells us the location of the web page being displayed and other related information.
3. As the postal address is required to reach a letter to a person staying anywhere on earth, a unique location (address) of a web element which may be a website or a web page is required in the World Wide Web to view it in the browser. This unique address of the web elements is referred to as a URL.
4. The URL consists of four basic parts, namely, server type, hostname, the folder name, and the filename. Each one of these has a specific function.
5. The “server type” indicates the type of Internet server (Protocol) being accessed. The server type is always followed by “://” and the hostname.
6. The hostname is the Internet address of a remote computer on which the files reside.
7. The folder name indicates the name of the directory in which the files are located.
8. The filename specifies the name of the specific document to be displayed in the browser. The filename itself consists of two pieces of information, the name of the file to be displayed and the file extension, which specifies the file type (.htm for HTML file, .txt for a text file, .bmp for a bitmap image, etc.) 
9. The structure of a URL can be represented as follows: Server type://Hostname/directory/sub-directory/.../filename
10. Example Of URL: www.testbook.com

Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

 Additional Information

Directory: 

• A web directory or link directory is an online list or catalog of websites.
• That is, it is a directory on the World Wide Web of (all or part of) the World Wide Web.
• Historically, directories typically listed entries on people or businesses, and their contact information; such directories are still in use today.
• A web directory includes entries about websites, including links to those websites, organized into categories and subcategories.
• Besides a link, each entry may include the title of the website and a description of its contents. In most web directories, the entries are about whole websites, rather than individual pages within them (called "deep links"). Websites are often limited to inclusion in only a few categories.

Folder:

•  A digital folder has the same purpose as a physical folder – to store documents.
• Computer folders can also store other types of files, such as applications, archives, scripts, and libraries. Folders can even store other folders, which may contain additional files and folders. Folders are designed for organizing files.
• For example, you might store your digital photos in a "Pictures" folder, your audio files in a "Music" folder, and your word processing documents in a "Documents" folder.

Domain: 

• A domain contains a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules.
• For example, a company may require all local computers to be networked within the same domain so that each computer can be seen from other computers within the domain or located from a central server.
• Setting up a domain may also block outside traffic from accessing computers within the network, which adds an extra level of security.

The correct answer is Merge Cells.

Key Points

• First, use the Layout tab to access the Merge Cells button.
• Second, use the Merge cells option found on the context menu when you right-click on the selected table cells.
• This will allow you to quickly access the Merge cells option.

Additional Information

• Distributed Rows
  • Select the rows that you want to affect.
  • Choose the Layout tab on the ribbon.
  • Click the Distribute Rows tool, in the Cell Size group.

• Erase table lines by using the Eraser button.
  • To do this, click the “Layout” tab of the “Table Tools”. contextual tab in the Ribbon. Then click the “Eraser” button in the “Draw” button group.
  • After clicking this button, your mouse pointer turns into an eraser when you hold it over the document.

The correct answer is .

Key Points

• In MS Word, Shift- Ctrl - K is used for small-cap in MS Word.
• Other few common keyboard shortcuts used in MS Word are given below:
  • In MS Word, Shift- Ctrl - > is used to increase the font size in the document.
  • In MS Word, Shift- Ctrl - D is used to double-underline the selected content.
  • In MS Word, Shift- Ctrl-A is used to open the list bullet.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processor software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc. 
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline. 
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in Ms Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• Secondary memory, also known as auxiliary memory or non-volatile memory, is a type of computer memory that retains data even when the power is turned off.
• It is non-volatile, meaning it does not lose its data when the power supply is disconnected.
• Secondary memory is used for long-term storage of data and files, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), magnetic tapes, and optical discs like CDs and DVDs.
• In contrast, volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), is temporary and loses its data when the power is removed.

Additional Information

•  Memory refers to the electronic storage space where data and instructions are stored for processing by the computer's central processing unit (CPU). Computer memory is an essential component that allows the computer to perform tasks and store information.
• Here are the main types of memory in a computer system:
  • Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is the primary type of computer memory used for temporary data storage while the computer is running. It provides fast access to data and instructions that are actively used by the CPU. RAM is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the computer is powered off or restarted.
  • Read-Only Memory (ROM): ROM is a type of memory that stores permanent instructions or data that cannot be modified or erased. It contains firmware or software instructions that are necessary for booting up the computer and initializing essential components. ROM retains its contents even when the computer is powered off.
  • Cache Memory: Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory that resides closer to the CPU. It serves as a buffer between the CPU and main memory (RAM). Cache memory stores frequently accessed data and instructions, allowing the CPU to quickly retrieve them without accessing the slower main memory. It helps improve overall system performance.
  • Virtual Memory: Virtual memory is a technique used by operating systems to extend the available memory beyond the physical RAM capacity. It uses a portion of the computer's hard drive as an extension of RAM. Virtual memory allows running more programs and handling larger datasets than what can fit in physical memory alone.
  • Flash Memory: Flash memory is a non-volatile memory used for long-term data storage in devices like USB drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), and memory cards. It retains data even when the power is turned off. Flash memory is popular

Term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse around the slide:

• Dragging: This is the correct term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse around the slide. It refers to the action of moving an object or selecting multiple objects by holding down the mouse button and moving the cursor.


• Highlighting: This term is not applicable in this context. Highlighting usually refers to the action of selecting text or a portion of text by changing its background color.


• Selecting: This term is also not specifically used to describe the action of pressing and holding the left mouse key and moving the mouse around the slide. Selecting typically refers to choosing or picking something from a list or group of items.


• Both (b) and (c): This option is incorrect because the correct term for pressing and holding the left mouse key and moving the mouse around the slide is only dragging. The term "selecting" is not accurate in this context.

Therefore, the correct term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse around the slide is dragging.

Direct Method of Deadlock Prevention

A direct method of deadlock prevention is to prevent the occurrence of circular waits. Here is a detailed explanation:

Mutual Exclusion:
- Mutual exclusion refers to the condition where a resource can only be allocated to one process at a time.
- Preventing mutual exclusion is not a direct method of deadlock prevention because it may not always be feasible to allow multiple processes to access a resource simultaneously.
Hold and Wait:
- Hold and wait refers to the condition where a process holds a resource while waiting for another resource.
- Preventing hold and wait is not a direct method of deadlock prevention because it may not always be possible for a process to acquire all the required resources at once.
Circular Waits:
- Circular waits refer to the condition where a set of processes form a circular chain, with each process in the chain waiting for a resource held by the next process in the chain.
- Preventing circular waits is a direct method of deadlock prevention as it eliminates the possibility of a deadlock occurring due to circular dependency.
No Preemption:
- No preemption refers to the condition where a resource cannot be forcibly taken away from a process.
- While preventing no preemption can help in avoiding certain deadlocks, it is not a direct method of deadlock prevention as it does not eliminate the possibility of circular waits.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Circular waits. Preventing the occurrence of circular waits is a direct method of deadlock prevention.

To design an effective output report, it is important to consider the following factors:
i. Volume of output:
- The amount of information that needs to be included in the report should be determined.
- The report should be designed in a way that presents the necessary information concisely and clearly.
- Consideration should be given to the length and format of the report to ensure that it is easily readable and understandable.
ii. Potential users:
- Identify the target audience or potential users of the report.
- Understand their needs, requirements, and level of expertise.
- The report should be tailored to meet the specific needs of the users to ensure that it provides them with the necessary information.
iii. Current users:
- Consider the existing users of the report and their feedback.
- Analyze their requirements and preferences to improve the design of the report.
- Ensure that the report addresses the needs and expectations of the current users to maintain their satisfaction.
iv. Periodicity of output:
- Determine the frequency at which the report will be generated.
- Consider whether the report will be generated daily, weekly, monthly, or on an ad-hoc basis.
- Design the report in a way that presents the information in a timely manner and meets the requirements of the reporting frequency.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D: i, ii, iii, iv. All the mentioned factors are important to consider while designing an output report.

Inter Process Communication (IPC)
Inter Process Communication (IPC) refers to the mechanisms and techniques used by different processes running on a computer system to communicate and share data with each other. It allows processes to exchange information, synchronize their activities, and coordinate their actions.
Methods of Inter Process Communication
There are several methods of IPC that can be used for communication between processes. These methods include:
1. Mails:
- Processes can communicate with each other by sending messages through a mailbox or a message queue.
- Messages can be exchanged asynchronously, allowing processes to communicate even if they are not running at the same time.
- This method is commonly used in message-oriented middleware systems.
2. Messages:
- Processes can communicate by sending messages directly to each other.
- Messages can be sent using various protocols, such as TCP/IP or UDP/IP.
- This method allows for both synchronous and asynchronous communication between processes.
3. System Calls:
- Processes can use system calls provided by the operating system to communicate with each other.
- System calls such as pipe, shared memory, and sockets can be used for IPC.
- This method allows for efficient and reliable communication between processes.
4. Traps:
- Processes can use software interrupts or traps to communicate with the operating system or other processes.
- Traps can be used to request services from the operating system or to notify other processes about events.
- This method is commonly used in event-driven systems.
In conclusion, inter process communication can be done through various methods such as mails, messages, system calls, and traps. The choice of IPC method depends on the requirements of the system and the nature of the communication between processes.