NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 6 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

सही विकल्प 4 'भरपेट' है।

Key Points

• भरपेट में अव्ययीभाव समास का प्रयोग किया गया जिसका अर्थ होता है 'पेट भरकर'
• अव्ययीभाव समास- जिस समास का प्रथम पद या पूर्व पद अव्यय हो अर्थात जिसमें प्रथम पद प्रधान हो उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।
  • अन्य उदाहरण- प्रतिदिन, यथाशक्ति, यथासंभव यावज्जीवन आदि।
• अन्य विकल्पः-
  • विद्यालय- का समस विग्रह- विद्या के लिए आलय। इस शब्द में सम्प्रदान तत्पुरुष समास है।
  • मनमाना- का समस विग्रह- 'मन से माना हुआ'। इस शब्द में करण तत्पुरुष समास(से , द्वारा) है।
  • कनफटा- का समस विग्रह- ' कान है फटे हुए जिसके अर्थात् नाथों का एक विशेष संप्रदाए विशेष। इसमें बहुब्रीह समास है।

Additional Information

• समास- दो या दो से अधिक पदों या शब्दों के संक्षेपीकरण से जो शब्द बनता है, उसे ही समास कहते है।
  • समास में मुख्यता दो पद होते है पहले पद को पूर्व पद एवं दूसरे पद को उत्तर पद कहते है ।
  • समास के मुख्यतः 4 भेद होते है। किन्तु तत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद भी होते है।
• अव्ययी भाव समास -जिस समास का प्रथम पद अव्यय हो अर्थात् प्रथम पद प्रधान हो ।
  • जैसे- आजन्म,प्रतिदिन, प्रत्यक्ष आदि।
• तत्पुरुष समाम - जिस समास का अंतिम पद अर्थात उत्तर पद प्रधान हो उसे तत्पुरुष समाम कहते है।
  • जैसे- चिड़ीमार, गगनचुम्बी आदि।
• कर्मधारय समाम-जिस समास में विशेषण और विशेष्य का संबंध अथवा उपमेय और उपमान का संबंध पाया जाता है. उसं कर्मधार्य समास कहते है।
  • जैसे- नीलगाय-नीली है जो गाय
• द्विगु समाम -जिस समास का प्रथम पद संख्यावाची तथा अंतिम पद संज्ञा हो उसे द्विगु समास कहते है। जैसे -नवरत्न
  • समास के अन्य उदाहरण
• बहुव्रीह समास - कोई पद प्रधान नही।
  • जैसे चतुर्भुज - चार भुजाएँ है जिसकी अर्थात भगवान विष्णु
• द्वन्‍द्व समास- दोनो पद प्रधान होते है।
  • जैसे माता- पिता

Mistake Pointsतत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद हैं-

• कर्मधारय समास
• द्विगु समास

सही उत्तर मिश्र वाक्य है।

Key Points

• जहाँ गंगा, यमुना बहती है, वह देश उपजाऊ है। मिश्र वाक्य है।
• जिस वाक्य में एक प्रधान उपवाक्य तथा एक या एक से अधिक आश्रित उपवाक्य हों उसे मिश्र वाक्य कहते हैं।
• मिश्र वाक्य के सभी उपवाक्य योजक शब्दों से प्रारंभ हों तो वाक्य का अंतिम उपवाक्य प्रधान उपवाक्य तथा शेष सभी उपवाक्य आश्रित उपवाक्य होंगे।
  • उदाहरण- मेरा दृढ़ विश्वास है कि भारत जीतेगा।
  • सफल वही होता है जो परिश्रम करता है।

Additional Information

मंगलसूत्र - यह प्रेमचंद का अधूरा उपन्‍यास है जिसे उनके पुत्र अमृतराय ने पूरा किया। इसके प्रकाशन के संदर्भ में अमृतराय प्रेमचंद की जीवनी में लिखते हैं कि इसका-"प्रकाशन लेखक के देहान्त के अनेक वर्ष बाद 1948 में हुआ।" प्रेमचंद  हिन्दी और उर्दू के सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय उपन्यासकार, कहानीकार एवं विचारक थे। उन्होंने सेवासदन, प्रेमाश्रम, रंगभूमि, निर्मला, गवन, कर्मभूमि, गोदान आदि लगभग डेढ़ दर्जन उपन्यास तथा कफन, पूस की रात, पंच परमेश्वर, बड़े घर की बेटी, बूढ़ी काकी, दो बैलों की कथा आदि तीन सौ से अधिक कहानियाँ लिखीं। 

‘गंगाजल’ अर्थात गंगा का जल। दो पदो के बीच कारक चिन्हों का लोप हो जाता है। अत: यह तत्पुरूष समास का उदाहरण है।

उदाहरण: राजपुत्र = राजा का पुत्र

इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘भविष्यत काल’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

Key Points

• ‘अगले साल सब अच्छा होगा‘-वाक्य में ‘भविष्यत काल’ है।
• भविष्यतकाल- क्रिया के जिस रूप से भविष्य में होने वाली क्रिया का पता चले उसे भविष्यतकाल की क्रिया कहते है।
• - वह सब उठा ले जाएगा।

कल उसका बोरिया-बिस्तर यहाँ से उठ जाएगा।

अन्य विकल्प:

 

Additional Information

• Meaning of Warrior: A brave or experienced soldier or fighter.
• Meaning of Sailor: a person who goes sailing as a sport or recreation
• Meaning of Pirate: a person who attacks and robs ships at sea
• Meaning of Spy: a person employed by a government or other organization to secretly obtain information on an enemy or competitor

Hindrance : a thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone.
Repression : the action of subduing someone or something by force.
Obstacle : a thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress.
Restriction : a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
Restraint : a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control.
 

Answer: C Explanation: The correct option is C: never, because the sentence implies that Curtis has a habit of not paying back the borrowed money. The sentence with the correct option would be: - I never lend money to Curtis. He never pays me back.

वाक्य के अनुसार नदी का बहुवचन शब्द नदियों होगा।

Confusion Points

• नदी का बहुवचन शब्द नदियाँ भी हो सकता है परन्तु उपरोक्त वाक्य के अनुसार सटीक शब्द नदियों ही होगा।

Key Pointsबहुवचन शब्द

• शब्द के जिस रूप से अनेकता का बोध हो उसे बहुवचन कहते हैं।
• जैसे-लड़के, गायें, कपड़े, टोपियाँ

एकवचन शब्द

• शब्द के जिस रूप से एक ही वस्तु का बोध हो, उसे एकवचन कहते हैं।
• जैसे-लड़का, गाय, सिपाही, बच्चा, कपड़ा, माता, माला, पुस्तक, स्त्री, टोपी बंदर, मोर आदि।

Additional Information

‘रमेश पौधों को पानी देता है‘- वाक्य में ‘सामान्य वर्तमान काल’ है। अतः इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘सामान्य वर्तमान काल’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

नारद की वीणा नाटक उदयशंकर भट्ट का नहीं है। यह लक्ष्मी नारायण मिश्र द्वारा रचित है। यह नाटक 1946 में लिखा गया था।

उदयशंकर भट्ट के नाटक विश्वामित्र, मत्स्यगंधा और राधा हैं। इनके उपन्यास 'सागर, लहरें और मनुष्य', 'शेष-अशेष' भी लोकप्रिय हैं।

Explanation:

The analogy can be understood as follows:

- A sculptor creates a statue
- A poet creates a verse

In both cases, the artist creates a piece of art. The sculptor works with physical materials to create a statue, while the poet uses words to create a verse. Therefore, the correct option to complete the analogy is "Verse" (Option C).

The students can be seen waiting for their results in the given statement. Thus, it has to be in the present continuous tense.
Option 3 is the only option that makes an appropriate fit in the given sentence. 

The Correct Option is C: 1 and 3
Characteristics of the Neolithic Culture
The Neolithic culture, also known as the New Stone Age, was a significant period in human history characterized by several key features that distinguish it from earlier Paleolithic cultures. The chief characteristic features of the Neolithic culture are:
1. Practice of Agriculture:

• The most significant development during the Neolithic period was the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled farming communities.
• People began to cultivate crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and maize, which led to the establishment of permanent settlements.
• Agriculture provided a stable food supply and allowed for surplus production, leading to population growth.

2. The Technology of Smelting Metal Ore:

• While the Neolithic culture is primarily associated with the use of stone tools, some advancements in metalworking began to emerge during this period.
• The technology of smelting metal ore, particularly copper, started to develop, paving the way for the later Bronze Age.
• The ability to extract and work with metals revolutionized tool production, leading to more efficient and durable tools and weapons.

3. Domestication of Animals:

• Another significant characteristic of the Neolithic culture was the domestication of animals.
• Early humans began to tame and breed animals for various purposes, such as food, labor, and companionship.
• Commonly domesticated animals during this period included cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs.
• Domestication of animals provided a stable source of food, materials (such as wool and leather), and assistance in agricultural activities.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1 and 3 only, as the Neolithic culture is primarily characterized by the practice of agriculture and the domestication of animals. The technology of smelting metal ore, although emerging during this period, is more closely associated with later periods such as the Bronze Age.

The correct answer is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) -(i), (d) - (iii).

Key Points

Troposphere:  

• It is the lowest layer of the atmosphere - in which we live.
• It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow.
• The lowest part of the Troposphere is called the boundary layer and the topmost part is called the tropopause.​

Stratosphere:

• This layer extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km.
• It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere.
• The temperature in Stratosphere is highest over the summer pole and lowest over the winter pole.

Mesosphere:

• Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It extends upward to a height of about 85 km above our planet. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• The coldest temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, about -90 °C is found near the top of this layer.

Thermosphere: 

• This layer is found above Mesopause from 85 to 800 km.
• This is the warmest layer of the atmosphere.
• Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.

Exosphere​:

• ​This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
• It contains mainly oxygen and hydrogen atoms they are so few that they rarely collide.
• They follow ballistic trajectories under the influence of gravity, and some of them escape directly into space.

Ionosphere​:

• The ionosphere is a very active part of the atmosphere, and it grows and shrinks depending on the energy it absorbs from the Sun.
• The name ionosphere comes from the fact that gases in these layers are excited by solar radiation to form ions, which have an electrical charge.
• Due to the presence of ionized gasses, the ionosphere can reflect radio waves directed into the sky back toward the Earth.
• It overlaps the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Thus, the correct match is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) -(i), (d) - (iii)

Statement: Pliny complained that Indian trade was a serious drain of wealth of the Roman empire.
This statement proves that India gained from the trade with the West during the pre-Gupta period because:
1. Pliny's complaint:
- Pliny, a Roman author and natural philosopher, complained that Indian trade was draining the wealth of the Roman empire.
- This indicates that India was able to export valuable goods and commodities to the West, resulting in significant economic gains.
2. Indian exports:
- The complaint implies that India had valuable products that were in high demand in the West.
- This suggests that India had a thriving trade industry and was able to export goods that were profitable.
3. Economic prosperity:
- The fact that Pliny considered Indian trade as a drain on Roman wealth indicates that India was economically prosperous during the pre-Gupta period.
- This suggests that India gained wealth, power, and influence through its trade with the West.
4. Long-distance trade:
- Pliny's complaint also highlights the existence of long-distance trade routes between India and the West.
- The trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences, further contributing to India's economic and cultural growth.
In conclusion, Pliny's complaint about the drain of wealth from the Roman empire due to Indian trade provides evidence that India gained from its trade with the West during the pre-Gupta period. India's ability to export valuable goods, its economic prosperity, and the existence of long-distance trade routes all support this statement.

India and other small nations needed to organise the NAM to prevent their independence from being threatened by the two power blocs of the USA and USSR.

Article 39 lays down certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to subserve the common good. Article 48 of the Constitution of India mandates the state to prohibit the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. The State, according to Article 51, must also strive for the promotion of international peace and security, and Parliament has been empowered under Article 253 to make laws giving effect to international treaties. Prohibition of cow slaughter is a Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Article 48 of the Constitution.

The Goa state government will set up a blended finance facility in partnership with the World Bank. This is the first of its kind, climate-focused, multi-sectoral initiative at the sub-national level. This will provide financial support to low-carbon climate friendly initiatives in Goa. The World Bank was established in the year 1944. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C. Is in.

The comparison of infant mortality rates between Kerala and Haryana reveals that Kerala has lower infant mortality rates compared to Haryana. This indicates that Kerala likely has better child welfare services, healthcare infrastructure, and overall well-being for infants compared to Haryana.

The correct answer is Pixels.

Key Points

Pixels

• The term pixel is actually short for Picture Element.
• These small little dots are what make up the images on computer displays, whether they are flat-screen (LCD) or tube (CRT) monitors. The screen is divided up into a matrix of thousands or even millions of pixels.
• A pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image or graphic that can be displayed and represented on a digital display device.
• A pixel is the basic logical unit in digital graphics. Pixels are combined to form a complete image, video, text, or any visible thing on a computer display.
• A pixel is also known as a picture element (pix = picture, el = element).

Additional Information

Dot pitch

• It is a specification for a computer display, computer printer, image scanner, or other pixel-based devices that describe the distance, for example, between dots on a display screen.

Dot mapping 

• It is a cartographic representation method to visualize quantitative absolute values.

The correct answer is ".potx".

Key Points

• .potx: The .potx extension is used for MS PowerPoint (ver. 2010) template files. The template file of MS PowerPoint contains the style, design, text, layout and formatting of PowerPoint files.
• .pptx: The .pptx extension is used for identifying the MS Powerpoint (2007 or upper version) files.

Thus the correct answer is ".potx".

Additional Information

• The main creators of MS PowerPoint software are Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin, launched in 1987.
• Education, marketing, business, and so on are fields where PPT is extremely useful.

User-level threads

User-level threads are very effective because a mode switch is not required to switch from one thread to another. Here is a detailed explanation:

• Definition: User-level threads are managed by the application without the intervention of the operating system. They are created and scheduled by the application itself.


• Advantages: User-level threads offer several advantages, including:




• No mode switch: User-level threads do not require a mode switch from user mode to kernel mode when switching between threads. This makes the context switch faster and more efficient.


• Thread management control: The application has full control over thread management, including scheduling, synchronization, and resource allocation.


• Portability: User-level threads can be easily ported across different operating systems, as they are independent of the underlying kernel.




• Disadvantages: User-level threads also have some limitations:




• Blocking system calls: If a user-level thread performs a blocking system call, it will block the entire process, as the kernel is unaware of the individual threads.


• Limited parallelism: User-level threads may not fully utilize the available hardware resources, as the operating system schedules threads at the process level rather than at the thread level.

In conclusion, user-level threads are very effective because they eliminate the need for a mode switch and provide greater control over thread management. However, they also have some limitations that need to be considered in certain scenarios.

Explanation:
To insert a new line in the same cell in Excel, you can use the shortcut Alt + Enter. Here is a detailed explanation of why this is the correct answer:
1. Enter:
- The Enter key is used to move to the next cell in Excel, not to insert a new line within the same cell.
2. Alt + Enter:
- This shortcut is used to insert a new line within the same cell in Excel.
- It allows you to create multiple lines of text within a single cell, which is useful for organizing information or creating lists.
3. Ctrl + Enter:
- The Ctrl + Enter shortcut is used to fill the selected cells with the same data.
- It is not used to insert a new line within a cell.
4. Shift + Enter:
- The Shift + Enter shortcut is not used to insert a new line within a cell in Excel.
- It is used in other applications, such as Microsoft Word, to create a line break without creating a new paragraph.
In conclusion, the correct shortcut to insert a new line in the same cell in Excel is Alt + Enter. This allows you to create multiple lines of text within a single cell for better organization and presentation of data.

My Computer is the feature that allows the user to view information about his computer hardware. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Start: The Start menu is the main gateway to access various features and applications on a computer, but it does not directly display information about the hardware.
- My Computer: This feature provides an overview of the computer's hardware components and storage devices. By clicking on "My Computer" or "This PC" (depending on the operating system), the user can see a list of drives, including the hard drive, optical drives, and any connected external storage devices. Right-clicking on any of these drives and selecting "Properties" will provide detailed information about the specific hardware.
- Control Panel: The Control Panel is a centralized location for managing various settings and features of the computer, but it does not directly display information about the hardware. However, within the Control Panel, there is a feature called "Device Manager" which provides detailed information about the hardware devices installed on the computer.
- All Programs: The "All Programs" feature is typically found in the Start menu and provides a list of installed applications on the computer. It does not directly display information about the hardware.
In conclusion, the correct answer is My Computer as it allows the user to view information about his computer hardware by providing an overview of drives and their properties.

Internet Safety: A Detailed Explanation

Internet safety is a crucial aspect that applies to everyone who uses a computer that can connect to the Internet, regardless of their online activities. It is essential to understand the potential risks and take necessary precautions to protect oneself and their personal information. Here are the key points to consider:

1. Online Identity Protection:

• Creating strong and unique passwords for all online accounts


• Using two-factor authentication when available


• Avoiding sharing personal information on public platforms


• Being cautious while interacting with strangers online

2. Phishing and Scams:

• Avoiding clicking on suspicious links or downloading attachments from unknown sources


• Verifying the legitimacy of websites before providing personal or financial information


• Being skeptical of offers that seem too good to be true


• Regularly updating and using antivirus software

3. Cyberbullying and Online Harassment:

• Being mindful of one's online behavior and treating others with respect


• Blocking and reporting any instances of cyberbullying or harassment


• Keeping personal information private and not engaging in online conflicts

4. Social Media Safety:

• Reviewing and adjusting privacy settings regularly


• Being cautious while accepting friend requests or following strangers


• Avoiding sharing sensitive or personal information publicly


• Using discretion while posting photos or videos

5. Safe Online Shopping:

• Verifying the credibility of online sellers and websites


• Using secure payment methods and checking for secure website connections (https)


• Keeping track of online transactions and reviewing bank statements regularly

6. Protecting Personal Data:

• Regularly backing up important files and data


• Using encryption tools to secure sensitive information


• Avoiding downloading files or software from untrusted sources

7. Safe Internet Usage for Children:

• Setting up parental controls and monitoring online activities


• Teaching children about online dangers and responsible Internet use


• Encouraging open communication and reporting any uncomfortable situations

By following these guidelines and staying informed about the latest online threats, individuals can enhance their internet safety and protect themselves from potential risks. Remember, internet safety is a shared responsibility and applies to everyone who uses a computer that can connect to the Internet.

The Name box in Excel is a useful tool that allows users to easily navigate and reference specific cells or ranges within a worksheet. Here is a detailed explanation of the Name box and its features:
Definition of the Name box:
The Name box is a designated area in Excel where users can see and enter the names of cells or ranges. It is located to the left of the formula bar, making it easily accessible for users to interact with.
Features of the Name box:
1. Shows location of the previously active cell: When a user selects a cell or range, the Name box displays the address of the previously active cell. This is helpful for users to keep track of their current position within the worksheet.
2. Appears at the left of the formula bar: The Name box is positioned to the left of the formula bar in Excel. This placement ensures that users can quickly locate and utilize the Name box while working with formulas and functions.
3. Allows users to enter names for cells or ranges: Users can also manually enter names for cells or ranges directly into the Name box. This feature enables users to create custom names for specific cells or ranges, making it easier to reference them in formulas or data analysis.
4. Provides a dropdown list of named cells or ranges: The Name box includes a dropdown list that displays all the named cells or ranges within the current workbook. Users can select a name from this list to navigate directly to the corresponding cell or range.
5. Facilitates quick navigation within a worksheet: By entering a cell or range name into the Name box, users can instantly move their active cell to the specified location. This feature eliminates the need for manual scrolling and clicking, making navigation more efficient.
In conclusion, the Name box in Excel serves as a valuable tool for navigating, referencing, and managing cells or ranges within a worksheet. Its placement, functionality, and user-friendly features make it an essential component of Excel's interface.

The correct answer is Debugging.

Key Points

• In computer programming and software development, debugging is the process of finding and resolving bugs within computer programs, software, or systems.
• The basic steps in debugging are:
  • Recognize that a bug exists.
  • Isolate the source of the bug.
  • Identify the cause of the bug.
  • Determine a fix for the bug.
  • Apply the fix and test it.
• Piggybacking refers to when a person tags along with another person who is authorized to gain entry into a restricted area or pass a certain checkpoint.
• Cracking means trying to get into computer systems in order to steal, corrupt, or illegitimately view data. 
• A computer virus is a malicious software program loaded onto a user's computer without the user's knowledge and performs malicious actions.  

The correct option is (1)

A path to move items on a slide

Key Points

• Motion routes are animation effects that sequentially move sliding objects to effectively tell a story. It can be accessed through the Animation menu. 
• On a slide, a motion route is used to move an object in a precise direction. Motion routes can be combined with other effects. Put a motion path to use.
• To add a motion route to something, click on it. The motion path you use is followed by the center of the object or text.
• Click Add Animation under the Animations tab. Select a motion path by descending to that section.
• If you select the Custom path option, you can draw the path that the item should follow. Press Esc to halt the drafting of a custom path.
• Any graphical object can be animated along a specific route with the help of the CSS module Motion Path. The notion is that up until now, the only options for animating elements that are travelling along a path were translation, position, etc.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is basically used to optically scan pages containing text and then to identify and save the scanned data as a text file instead of an image file. The image is stored in the computer's memory as a bitmap image consisting of a grid of dots. The character recognition software of the scanner then converts the array of dots to equivalent ASCII text, which the computer can interpret as letters, numbers or special characters.