Kerala SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 1 (History) - KTET MCQ

The correct answer is option 4, Ability to reconcile internal ideological differences through compromise.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the Congress's long-term evolution and capacity to accommodate diverse viewpoints, rather than attributing its success to any single tactic or alliance.

• It can be argued that the Indian National Congress's success in achieving independence rested significantly on its ability to reconcile internal ideological differences through compromise. The Indian National Congress was a diverse entity, consisting of various factions with differing beliefs, ideologies, and principles. These included the Moderates and the Extremists, as well as regional, caste, and religious factions.

• These differences at times led to disunity, such as with the Surat Split of 1907. However, the Congress was generally successful in reconciling these differences, typically through patient dialogue, compromise, and the mutual recognition of the larger goal of national independence. This ability to maintain unity in diversity was an essential factor in the Congress's endurance and eventual success.

• The Congress's emphasis on consensus and compromise is evident in events like the Lucknow Pact of 1916, which brought the Moderates and Extremists together after the rift caused by the Surat Split. This approach also helped the Congress coordinate with other political entities like the Muslim League, which led to increased cohesion and unity within the larger Indian independence movement.

• Additionally, influential Congress leaders like Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in mediating internal differences. Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha (holding on to truth) and ahimsa (non-violence) provided a unifying moral and strategic platform around which various factions could rally. His inclusive vision and leadership was central to unifying diverse groups within the Congress and maintaining a broad-based mass movement.

• Understanding and respecting the multiple ideologies at play and working towards an acceptable middle ground was key. It can be said that this mutual compromise among different groups certainly played a significant role in shaping the Congress as a potent unified entity and was instrumental in its success in leading India towards independence.

The correct answer is option 3, A dynamic entity shaped by internal debates

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress (INC) can indeed be characterized as a dynamic entity shaped by its internal debates and evolving strategies. From its inception in 1885 until India's independence in 1947, and beyond, the INC has repeatedly demonstrated this dynamism
• 1.Internal Debates: The INC was perhaps the most diverse political organization of its time, with members representing a wide spectrum of Indian society, covering various religious, cultural, linguistic, and regional identities. This diversity naturally led to a range of viewpoints on how to best achieve the INC’s goals, stimulating vigorous internal debates. Key among these were the differences between the 'Moderates' and 'Extremists' in the early 20th century, leading eventually to the Surat Split. These debates were not just disagreements, but also reflected the dynamic nature of the INC, showing its willingness to confront and recognize differing viewpoints.
• 2.Evolving Strategies: The INC also showed its dynamism by continually evolving its strategies in response to the changing political climate. Initially, its focus was largely on modest reforms and it sought political rights through constitutional means. However, with the rise of more radical elements, it adopted a more assertive stance, employing methods like mass agitation, non-cooperation, and civil disobedience. We can see evidence of this evolution in events like the launching of the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and the Quit India Movement. The strategies also changed depending on the response and attitude of British rulers
• .Hence, the INC's progress was far from a straightforward or static path. It was marked by constant ideological, strategic, and organizational shifts. Its strength lay in its ability to dynamically respond to its internal debates and to evolve its strategies according to the time and need, enabling it to lead a successful campaign against British rule and guide India towards independence. This adaptability and dynamism have continued to shape the INC in the post-independence era as well.

Option 3 is NOT correct.

• Gandhika has been mentioned as the traders of perfume and they were prosperous. Hence, Option 3 is NOT correct.
• Satavahana followed the Mauryas in Deccan of India.
• Simuka (230-207 BC) was the founder and the first king of Satvahana dynasty. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• King Hala assumed the title of Kavivatsal. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Satavahana dynasty ruled from Pune in Maharastra to Coastal Andhra Pradesh in the second century BC onwards.
• Satavahanas started the practice of granting taxfree villages to Brahmanas and Buddhist monks. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• This dynasty was built upon the ruins of the Maurya Empire and around 1st century AD, they were the most prominent in the Modern Andhra Pradesh Region.
• King was called Rajan or Raja and he had the right to mint the coins.
• A Senapati was appointed as the provincial governor.

• The provisions of the Indian Factories Act,1891 is as follows:

1. The age of children who can work in the factories is increased from 9 years to 14 years.
2. Reduced the working hour per day to 7 hours. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
3. Maximum working hours for a day were 11 hours.
4. Provide weekly holidays for all.

• Moderate leaders didn't support Factories Act because they believed that the labor legislation would affect the competitive edge enjoyed by Indian own industries. Also, they didn't want to divide the movement into class-based movements.
• Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• Accordingly, option B is correct.

Among the given options, Friedrich Hegel is related to the Romantic school of historiography.

Key Points

• The Romantic Age (1770-1850) was a period of immense ideological change in Europe.
• Romanticism emerged towards the end of the Age of Enlightenment (1715-1804), as a response against the rigid and often overly rational ideals of the time.
• Romantic historians perceived history as an art form, applying aesthetic principles relating to beauty and the natural world in their works.
• Romanticism is said to have its philosophical beginnings in Germany, but quickly spread throughout Europe and even across the Atlantic to the United States.

• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich von Schiller, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel are the best-known historians related to the Romantic school of historiography.

Hence, we can conclude that among the given options, Friedrich Hegel is related to the Romantic school of historiography.

• The Pala Empire (8th to 12th centuries) in Bengal and the Bhaumakara dynasty (8th to 10th centuries) in Odisha, although distinct in their geographical regions and historical timelines, shared a significant cultural contribution to the Indian subcontinent through their patronage of Buddhism.
• Palas of Bengal: The Pala dynasty was a major Buddhist royal house that ruled over the Bengal region, which is today's Bangladesh and West Bengal in India.
• The Palas were known for their profound devotion to Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism.
• They established several significant Buddhist monasteries and centers of learning, the most famous among them being the Vikramashila and the revived Nalanda University.
• These institutions attracted students and scholars from different parts of Asia, serving as important hubs for the spread of Buddhist thought and practices. The Palas also sponsored the creation of numerous Buddhist texts and art, which had a lasting impact on the development of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism.
• Bhaumakaras of Odisha: The Bhaumakara dynasty, ruling a portion of what is now Odisha, similarly showed a strong inclination towards Buddhism, especially during its early phase.
• Even though the religious landscape of Odisha is diverse, including significant influences of Shaivism, Shaktism, and Vaishnavism, early Bhaumakara rulers contributed to the flourish of Buddhism.
• They are known to have built Buddhist temples and supported the monastic communities. The influence reflecting their patronage can be seen in the Buddhist art and architecture remnants found in the region, illustrating the spread and sustenance of Buddhism in that part of India during their reign.
• Thus, both the Palas and the Bhaumakaras contributed significantly to the patronage of Buddhism, playing a crucial role in its proliferation and the cultural enrichment of the regions under their control.
• Their support fostered a vibrant environment for Buddhist education, art, and architecture, leaving a lasting legacy that continued to influence subsequent generations.

Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India. He became the Congress President in 1938 and 1939. He hailed Gandhi’s call for ‘Quit India’ as an ‘Epic Movement’

1. Atharvaveda includes witchcraft, sorcery and invoking evil spirits. It is considered as Veda because it deals with Ayurveda, Rekhaganitha and Ganithashastra.

2. It was composed entirely by Non-Aryans. 

3. No Brahmin ever recites Atharvaveda.

In sharp contrast to Egypt and Mesopotamia, we do not find evidences of temple at the Harappan sites. We find no religious structures of any kind except the Great Bath, which may have been used for ablutions. Therefore, it would be wrong to think that priests ruled in Harappa, as they did in the cities of Lower Mesopotamia. Perhaps there are some indications of the practice of fire cult at Lothal in Gujarat in the later phase, but no temples were used for the purpose. The harappan rulers were more concerned with commerce than with conquests, perhaps, they were possibly ruled by a class of merchants. It may be noted that the Harappans were lacking in weapons.

• Phallic worship: Circular stone objects were a representation of male genital organs and lingam-shaped objects.
• There were 3 types of burial systems observed:

1. Extended burial system: The body was placed in North-South directions.
2. Symbolic burial system: Body couldn’t found eg. Kaalibangan
3. Twin burial system: Two bodies in one grave. eg. Man and Dog.

The correct answer is Raja Sitab rai.

• Robert Clive introduced Dual government in 1765

Key Points

• Under this the control of both the Diwani and Nizamat went to Company.
• For exercising the functions company appointed two deputies Diwans, for Bengal Mohammad Reza Khan and for Bihar Raja Sitab rai.
• Ram Narayan was deputy governor of Bihar before the introduction of Dual government.
• He was loyal to company and helped them in misuse of Dastak i.e., the trade permit.
• Raja Sitab rai was famous banker of Bengal who helped British against the Nawab in Battle of Plassey.

The Khaksar movement was a social movement based in Lahore, Punjab, British India, established by Allama Mashriqi in 1931, with the aim of freeing India from the rule of the British Empire and establish a Hindu-Muslim government in India. All members, regardless of rank, wore the same uniform; a khaki shirt with khaki pyjama secured with a belt, together with military boots. The khaki colour was chosen because it was "simple and unpresuming" and "cheap and available for all", although in practice the uniforms were paid for by the Khaksar organisation. All Khaksars carried a belcha (spade) as a sign of unity and strength and in imitation of Muhammad. In addition the spade represents humility, in the same way that a spade is used to level the ground, the Khaksars used it as a symbol of the "leveling" of society.

The correct chronology of the conquests of Alauddin Khilji is: (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)

Key Points

• Alauddin Khalji was one of the most powerful rulers from the Khalji dynasty and became the Sultan of Delhi in 1296 AD.
• During his reign, Alauddin defended his kingdom against the Mongol invasions, at Jaran-Manjur, Sivistan, Kili, Delhi, and Amroha.
• Later, he also raided and annexed other kingdoms such as Gujarat, Ranthambore, Chittor, Malwa, Siwana, and Jalore.
• Given below is the details of various kingdoms annexed by Alauddin Khalji:
  • Gujarat (1299 AD):
    • This was Alauddin's first army attack after becoming the ruler.
    • He was aware of the weak economic status of Gujarat even before sitting on the throne, hence he found it very convenient to attack Gujarat.
    • The King of Gujarat at this time was ‘Karna’.
    • Karna rescued himself and his family to Devagiri in Maharashtra due to fear of this attack.
  • Ranthambore (1301 AD):
    • ​It was ruled by Hamir Dev of the Chauhan dynasty.
    • Hammir Dev gave refuge to the ‘new Muslims’.
    • This was not appreciated by Alauddin, and thus he attacked Ranthambore.
    • Hammir Dev Chauhan was defeated by Alauddin in this battle.
    • One of the main commander of Alauddin, ‘Nusrat Khan’ got killed in this battle.
  • Chittorgarh (1303 AD):
    • ​The reason why Chittor was attacked was that it was in the way of trade route to Gujarat.
    • The famous Sufi poet and scholar Amir Khusrow also accompanied Alauddin in this battle.
    • The fort was renamed as Khijrabad after this victory.
    • It was named after Alauddin’s son Khijr Khan.
  • Second Campaign of Devgiri (1306-1307):
    • ​The Yadav dynasty ruled it during this time under the king Ramdev.
    • The kingdom of Devgiri was attacked when Ramdev refused to pay the yearly tax to Alauddin.

    • Ramdev was brought to Delhi, where he later surrendered.

The correct answer is Akhbar-ul Akhyar.Key Points

• Akhbar ul Akhyar appeared in the 16th century.
• Shaikh Abdul Haq Muhaddis Dehlawi (1551–1663) was one of the most illustrious scholar-sufis (alim-sufi) of Mughal India.
• He compiled Akhbar ul Akhiyar in Persian, which is recognised as a leading source of South Asian Sufism.
• He was born in 1551 (958 AH) in Delhi, hence the suffix Dehlavi to his name.
• He became a writer in Arabic and Persian, who won favour from both Mughal Emperors, Jahangir (r.1605-28) and Shah Jahan (r.1628-58), and in time became a scholar of Islam.
• Akhbar ul Akhyar was compiled in order to explore elements of the implicit and at times explicit, challenges posed to the hegemonic orthodoxy, which was often identified with the Arabisation process.

Additional Information

Maasir-ul-Umara:

• It is a biographical dictionary of the officers in the Mughal empire until 1780 AD.
• It was the work of Shah Nawaz Khan (entitled Samsamuddaula) and his son Abdul Hai.
• Shah Nawaz Khan devoted himself to the compilation of the work from August 1741 to 1747.
• The Maasir-ul-Umara is a storehouse of knowledge about the history of the Mughals in India.

• There is no dearth of the contemporary history of the Mughal empire; these include the namahs, such as Baburnamah, Humayun namah, Padshahnamah, Alamgirnamah etc.

Akhbar-ul Akhyar:

• It is a Persian-language biography of notables in the Mughal Empire (1556–1780).
• It was written by Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan and his son Abdul Hai Khan.
• Its variants of the title include Ma'athir al-Umara, Maasir al-Umara, and Maathir ul-Umara.

• Shah Nawaz Khan relies upon a variety of Persian histories for his information, which he lists in his introduction.

Zakhirat-ul Khwanin:

• It is a biographical dictionary of Mughal Nobles.
• Composed in 1651, Zakhiratul Khwanin of Shaikh Farid Bhakkari is an important source to understand social trends and tensions of the Mughal times.
• The author of this work was the pioneer in the field of writing biographies of even the lesser mansabdars associated with the Mughal court.
• Zakhiratul Khwanin would be studied as a source of information regarding the Mughal society.

"The so-called first national war of independence was neither first, nor national, nor a war of independence" is associated with R.C. Majumdar.

The Lucknow session of INC was presided over by S.C. Majumdar. Reunion between Moderates and the Extremists took place. Apart from that INC and Muslim League revamped their nexus by demanding common issues to the Government.

Rajabai Tower designed by George Scott is an example of a combination of Venetian and Gothic styles of Architecture.

Key Points

• Rajabai Tower is a prominent landmark in South Mumbai, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, an English architect who modeled it on Big Ben in London.
• The tower is an amalgamation of Gothic and Venetian architectural styles and stands at a height of 85 meters.
• It is part of The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai, which was added to the list of World Heritage Sites in 2018.
• The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai comprises a collection of 94 buildings and represents the fusion of Indian and Western architectural styles in the city during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• Rajabai Tower is one of the most recognizable buildings in the ensemble and has become a symbol of Mumbai's architectural and cultural heritage.

​Hence the correct answer is Venetian and Gothic.

In 1899, the Savarkar brothers founded ‘Abhinav Bharat’, the first revolutionary organization in India as a secret society. In 1902, Anushilan Samiti of Dacca, another secret society was founded by Pulin Das. In 1924, Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee founded the Hindustan People’s Republic Party, the first revolutionary organization at an all India level. Bharat Mata Sangam was the popular revolutionary organization founded by Subramanya Sivam and Neelakantha Brahmachari in 1908.

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

• Harihara I & Bukka I founded the Vijayangara empire in 1336.

Key Points

• Some sources of information about the Vijayanagara Empire:
  • Rehlatar Tufat-un-Nuzzar of Ibn-i-Battuta gives account of empire under the Harihara I.
    • Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
  • Amuktamalyada by Krishnadeva Raya.
  • Gangadas Pratapa Vilasam by Gangadhara gave information about the political policies of the ruler & the caste system.
  • Bagapellsi Copper Plate Inscription: Achievements of Harihara I.
• Tuluva Dynasty (1505-70):
  • Krishnadeva Raya (1509-29):
    • Took the title of Ahinava-Bhoja, Andhra Pitamaha & Andhra Bhoja.
    • Maintained good relations with Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor.
      • He gave him permission to built a fort at Bhatkal.
    • Asthadiggajas:
      • Timma, Madaya, Dhurjate, Surona, Peddana, Ramaraja Bhushan, Tenali Ramalaingam & Ramabhadra.
      • Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Revenue Administration of the Vijayanagara empire:
  • ​Land revenue was the main source of revenue.
  • Rates were fixed after a survey of the land & varied on the nature of cultivation on the land.
  • Generally, 1/6th of the entire production was collected as revenue.
  • 

The correct answer is C - B - A - D.

Key Points

• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India.
• This civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus.
• Sites of IVC:
  • Manda Northernmost​
  • Daimabad Southernmost
  • Alamgirpur Easternmost
  • Sutkangandor Westernmost
• It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system.
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.
• The name of the major cities are given below:
  • Mohenjodaro (Sind)-It is located on the right bank of the Indus.
  • Kalibangan (Rajasthan)-It was on the banks of the river Ghaggar river
  • Chanhudaro It lies on the left bank of the Indus in the south of Mohenjodaro.
  • Lothal (Gujarat) It is located at the head of the Gulf of Cambay.
  • Surkotada (Gujarat)-It is at the head of the Rann of Kutch.
  • Banawali (Haryana)-It was situated on the banks of the now-extinct Sarasvati
  • Dholavira (Gujarat)-It excavated is in the Kutch district

Mixed-method research is a kind of research that includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using both primary and secondary data.Key Points

• Mixed methods strategically integrates or combines rigorous quantitative and qualitative research methods to draw on the strengths of each.
• Mixed method approaches allow researchers to use a diversity of methods, combining inductive and deductive thinking.
• This research offsetting limitations of exclusively quantitative and qualitative research through a complementary approach that maximizes strengths of each data type and facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of health issues and potential resolutions.
• Mixed methods may be employed to produce a robust description and interpretation of the data, make quantitative results more understandable, or understand broader applicability of small-sample qualitative findings.
• Mixed methods is not simply having quantitative and qualitative data available or analyzing and presenting data findings separately.

• The integration process of this research can occur during data collection, analysis, or in the presentation of results.

So, we can conclude that Mixed-method research is a kind of research that includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using both primary and secondary data.

Incorrect Statement: He accepted the views expressed by William Jones and other orientalists on ancient Indian culture.Key Points

• James Mill believed in a moral theory called Utilitarianism—that actions that lead to people's happiness are right and that those that lead to suffering are wrong.
• Apart from Mill Jeremy Bentham regarded as a classical philosopher and the founder of modern utilitarianism.
• Mill considerably modified Bentham's thesis of pleasure versus pain by admitting and emphasizing the qualitative aspect of pleasure.
• Mill made a difference between higher quality of pleasure and lower-quality of pleasure, he preferred more noble pleasure over less noble pleasure.
• He asserted that pleasures also differ in quality.
• Those pleasures which go with the exercise of intellectual capacities are higher and better than sensuous pleasures.
• Mill reformed the Utilitarian concept with his liberal thoughts, but according to criticism made by Wayper In all these alterations that he makes in Benthamism.
• Mill may think that he is defending it, but in fact, he is destroying it.
• Mill never advocated that Indian culture was static and its transformation lay in the infusion of Western ideas.

• Also, he never accepted the views expressed by William Jones and other orientalists on ancient Indian culture.

​So we conclude that 'He accepted the views expressed by William Jones and other orientalists on ancient Indian culture' is an incorrect statement.

Tulsidas wrote Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinaya Patrika.

Key Points

• Tulsidas, also known as Goswami Tulsidas, was a Ramanandi Vaishnava Hindu saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama.
• Tulsidas accepted existing beliefs and practices but wanted to make these accessible to all.
• Tulsidas conceived of God in the form of Rama.
• Tulsidas’s composition, the Ramcharitmanas, written in Awadhi (a language used in eastern Uttar Pradesh), is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work.
• The five major works of Tulsidas apart from Ramcharitmanas include:
  • Dohavali: Collection of dohas
  • Kavitavali: Collection of kavittas or poems
  • Gitavali: Collection of songs
  • Krishnavali: Collection of songs to Krishna

  • Vinaya Patrika: Collection of hymns

Therefore, we can conclude that Tulsidas wrote Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinaya Patrika.

Additional Information

• Surdas:
  • ​​Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna.
  • His compositions, compiled in the Sursagara, Surasaravali and Sahitya Lahari, express his devotion.
• Chaitanya:
  • ​He was a sixteenth-century bhakti saint from Bengal, who preached selfless devotion to Krishna-Radha.
  • Chaitanyadeva popularised Krishna worship through ecstatic songs and dancing that had a profound effect on Vaishnavism in Bengal.
• Namadeva:
  • ​He is considered to be the link between the Maharashtrian bhakti movement and North Indian monotheistic movement.
  • He lived in Pandharpur but travelled to North India including the Punjab.
  • His bhakti songs have also been included in the Adi Granth.

Bargir infantry is the Maratha equivalent of European line infantry.

• They possess slightly superior base statistics; however, in the early game they are no match for the specialized melee infantry and they cannot utilize Fire by Rank, putting them at a disadvantage when compared to European line infantry in the late game.
• However, Bargir Infantry is one of the strongest line infantry in the Indian subcontinent.​

Thus, we can conclude that the royal cavalry of Shivaji was called Bargir.

Important Points

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha empire, raised a small yet effective land army.
• For better administration, Shivaji abolished the land-grants or jagir for military officers and instituted a system of salary or cash payment for their services.

Guru Nanak founded Sikhism during the reign of Sikander Lodhi. He was the first of the ten Sikh gurus. Guru Gobind Singh is also credited with establishing the Khalsa Panth. It is usually celebrated on 13 or 14 April every year, which commemorates the formation of Khalsa Panth of warriors under Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.

While Guru Arjan Dev is known for compiling the Adi Granth Sahib, Guru Tegh bahadur is known for protecting forced conversion of Sikhs into Islam.

Mahabalipuram was one of the major port cities by the 7th century within the Pallava kingdom. The town was named after Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, who was also known as Mahabali.  Mahabalipuram is a UNESCO world heritage site.

1). Hindustan People’s Republican Party:- first revolutionary organization at all India level. It was founded by Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee in 1924. At the instance of Bhagat Singh, its name was changed to ‘Socialist Party’.

2). Shyamaji Krishnaverma:- a secret society founded in London. It was founded by Shyamaji Krishnaverma. They also started the journal ‘Indian Sociologist’.

Congress appointed a commission under the leadership of C.R Das to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Other members of the commission were Gandhiji, Motilal Nehru, Jayakar, Abbas Tyabji.

On 21st October 1943, Subhash set up the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore.