MPPGCL JE Electronics Mock Test - 6 Free Online Test 2026

The correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

Statement 1: The Uniform Resource Identifier is a set of rules which is used to retrieve linked web pages across the web.

False, The HyperText Transfer Protocol is a set of rules which is used to retrieve linked web pages across the web. The more secure and advanced version is HTTPS.

HTTP is a protocol for fetching resources such as HTML documents. It is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web and it is a client-server protocol, which means requests are initiated by the recipient, usually the Web browser.

Statement 2: HyperText Transfer Protocol is a unique address or path for each resource located on the web.

False,  URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) or URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique address or path for each resource located on the web.

A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a character sequence that identifies a logical (abstract) or physical resource usually, but not always, connected to the internet.

Hence the correct answer is Both statement 1 and statement 2.

Photodiode:

• A photodiode can convert light into either current or voltage depending upon the mode of operation.
• It is designed to operate in reverse bias.

Advantages of Photodiode:

• The photodiode is linear
• Low resistance
• A very good spectral response
• Better frequency response
• Low dark current
• Fastest photodetector
• It can be used as a variable resistance device
• Long lifetime, Low noise, High quantum efficiency, It is highly sensitive to the light
• Compact and lightweight
• No high voltage requires
• Using photodiode the speed of operation is very high

Disadvantages of Photodiode:

• Require increases in the dark current
• It depends on the temperature
• Small active area
• Normal PN junction photodiode has a very high response time
• It has very low sensitivity
• Light sensitive device
• Poor temperature stability

Concept:

Pulse code modulation is a technique to change an analog signal to digital data. A large bandwidth is required in PCM system.

Explanation:

A PCM encode contain three components:

1) The analog signal is sampled

2) The sampled signal is quantized

3) The quantized values are encoded as stream of bits

Diagram:

correct option is 3

Concept:

Signal flow graph(SFG):

In SFG input-output relationship of a system is represented in graphical form. In SFG variables are represented by nodes and nodes are connected by line segments which are known as the branches of the graph.

Each branch has an associated gain and direction, signal can flow only in the direction of the arrow.

In SFG transfer function is referred to as transmittance. (option 1 is a correct statement)

2)if we write an equation for y it is given by y = ax which is similar to y = kx. (option 2 is a correct statement)

3) It is not a further simplification of the K-graph of a control system. (option 3 is an incorrect statement)

4) In the signal flow graph, The blocks of the transfer function, are eliminated by branches. summing symbols and take-off points are eliminated by nodes in this graph. (option 4 is a correct statement).

Cleavage plane:

• When a crystal is break or fracture easily along a definite plane then this plane is called cleavage plane.
• It is used to identity mineral and its quality.
• It forms generally in a lower energy crystal structure.
• In silicon, most preferred cleavage plane is < 111 >

The correct answer is option 4.

Concept:

Options verify the best way to solve the problem.

Option 1: 8, 11

703x (in base-x number system) = 504y (in base-y number system)

703_x=504_y

(703)₈=(504)₁₁

451=609

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Option 2: 12, 13

703x (in base-x number system) = 504y (in base-y number system)

703x=504y

(703)₁₂=(504)13

1011=849

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Option 3: 17, 18

703x (in base-x number system) = 504y (in base-y number system)

703x=504y

(703)17=(504)18

2026 =1624

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Hence the correct answer is None of these.

Concept:

The numerical aperture of fiber optic cable is given by 

Where n1 and n2 are core and cladding refractive indices

Excess-3 Addition:

Step 1: We have to convert the numbers (which are to be added) into excess-3 by adding 0011 with each of the four-bit groups.

Step 2: Now the numbers are added using the basic laws of binary addition.

Step 3: Now, whichever of the four-bit groups have produced a carry, we have to add 0011 with them and subtract 0011 from the groups which have not produced a carry during the addition.

Step 4: The result which we have obtained after this operation is in Excess-3 form

Ex: (1)₁₀ + (4)₁₀ = (5)₁₀

XS – 3:    0100 + 0111 = 1011 = (11)₁₀

But we are supposed to get 1000, as XS-3 for (5)₁₀ is 1000.

So, we need to subtract 3 from the result

Ex: (6)₁₀ + (7)₁₀ = (13)₁₀

In XS-33: 1001 + 1010 = 10011

But we are supposed to get 0100 0110

So we need to add 011 to the result.

4-bit XS-3 Adder:

If C₄ = 1, then add three to the result (S₃ S₂ S₁ S₀)

If C₄ = 0, the subtract three (0011) from the result i.e. 2’s complement of three (1101) is added.

∴ Two 4-bit parallel adders are needed.

Concept:

The K-map is a graphical method that provides a systematic method for simplifying and manipulating the Boolean expressions or to convert a truth table to its corresponding logic circuit in a simple, orderly process.

In an 'n' variable K map, there are 2ⁿ cells

For 4 variables there will be 2⁴ = 16 cells as shown:

The LED is a specialized form of PN junction that uses a compound junction. The semiconductor material used for the junction must be a compound semiconductor. The compound semiconductor commonly used along with the color of the light emitted is as shown:

• GaP = Green, Red
• GaN = Blue
• GaAs = Red, Infrared

GaS (Galium Selenide) is said to have the potential for optical applications but the exploitation of this potential has been limited by the ability to readily grow single crystals.

We know that

Magnetic field intensity is given as:

H = I/2πr

Here I = current, r = distance

⇒ r = 15.9 m

Concept: 

The capacity of a band-limited AWGN channel is given by the formula:

C = Maximum achievable data rate (in bits/sec)

B = channel bandwidth

 = Signal to Noise power

Note: In the expression of channel capacity, S/N is not in dB.

Calculation:

Given B.W. = 4 MHz, S/N = 31

The channel capacity will be:

C = 20 Mbps

Waveguides are used to direct and propagate Electromagnetic waves from one point to another. They are generally used to transmit high frequency waves such as Microwaves, Radio waves, Infrared waves etc.

The signals with high frequencies are allowed to propagate through the waveguide whereas the signals below the frequency will face a high reflection.

Waveguides are classified into two types:

1. Metal waveguides: Metal waveguides consists of enclosed conducting metal pipe and the wave guiding principle works on the total internal reflection.

2. Dielectric waveguides: These waveguides consists of dielectrics and the reflection from dielectric interfaces helps in the propagation of electromagnetic waves along the waveguide.

Metal waveguides are classified into two types:

1. Rectangular waveguides 2. Circular waveguides

A circular waveguide is a hollow metallic tube with circular cross section for propagating the electromagnetic waves by continuous reflections from the surfaces or walls of the guide.

A waveguide with a circular cross section is called as circular waveguide. It supports both Transverse electric (TE) and Transverse magnetic (TM) modes..

TM₀₁ mode is preferred to TE₀₁ as it requires a smaller diameter for the same cut-off wavelength.

The waveguides of circular cross section are used to transmit EM waves from one point to another.

The root values for the TM modes are:

01 = 2.405 for TM01

02 = 5.53 for TM02

11 = 3.85 for TM11

12 = 7.02 for TM12

The dominant mode for a circular waveguide is defined as the lowest order mode having the lowest root value.

The circular waveguides are perfectly symmetrical around the axis. Because of it's symmetrical nature, the dominant mode for TM waves in a circular waveguide is TM₀₁. The dominant mode TM₀₁ has the lowest root value of 2.405.

conclusion: option 2 is correct

Doppler Shift:

If the observer is moving with respect to the source he observes a change in frequency of the wave emitted by the source, this is called Doppler shift or Doppler effect.

f_d = doppler frequency in Hz

v = speed of wave source (m/sec)

Umbrella cell approach:

To increase the capacity of the cellular system instead of new cell sites additional channels and base stations can be installed. This technique is called as umbrella cell approach.

1) Umbrella cell approach is possible by using different antenna heights and different power levels to provide small and large cells located at a single site. (statement 1 is correct)

2) This approach is used to provide large area coverage to high-speed users while small area coverage to low-speed users. (statement 2 is incorrect)

3) This approach is basically used to reduce the number of handoffs for high-speed users. (statement 3 is correct)

CONCEPT:

When we multiply any signal with cos (ω₀t) then that signal shifts by ω₀

x (t) → X (ω)

If X(ω)

Then x(t) cos ω₀t = y(t)

Given:

Nyquist Rate of x(t) is ω₀

Let ω_m is maximum frequency of x(t)

2ω_m = ω₀

Now y (t) = x (t) cos ω₀ t

So maximum frequency of y (t) = ω₀ + ω_m

= 

= 

Nyquist Rate of y (t) = 

Modulation for different values of the modulation index is explained as shown:

Under modulation: (μ < 1):

A_min = A_c [1 - μ] = +ve

Critical modulation: (μ = 1):

A_min = A_c [1 - μ] =  0 V

Over modulation: (μ > 1):

A_min = A_c [1 - μ] = -ve

Important Point

A general Amplitude modulation process is as shown:

In the above circuit, all the marked currents are flowing in the same direction and through the same branch.

∴  i_s = i₁ = i₂ = i₃ 

Option D is the only wrong statement.

Notes:

By KVL ∑V = 0

While applying KVL, the direction in which the loop is to be traced is not important. Following the sign-convention is most important which is shown in below circuit

We can write an equation by using KVL around this closed path as,

-I₁ R₁ + E₁ – I₂ R₂ – I₃ R₃ – I₄ R₄ + E₂ = 0 (Required KVL equation)

i.e. E₁ + E = I R₁ + I₂R₂ + I₃R₃ + I₄R₄

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept:

Registers are a type of computer memory used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU. The registers used by the CPU are often termed Processor registers.

A list of some of the most frequent registers found in a basic computer follows:

Hence the correct answer is PC.

Torque in measuring instruments

Following are the types of torque produced in measuring instruments.

1.) Deflecting torque

• This torque causes the pointer to move from its initial (zero) position.
• To obtain this force in an instrument, different effects of electric current are used such as magnetic effect, heating effect, chemical effect, etc.

2.) Controlling torque

• The controlling force always acts in opposite direction to the deflecting force.
• In absence of controlling torque, the pointer will swing beyond its final steady-state position and the deflection will be indefinite.
• After the removal of the moving mechanism, the pointer has to come back to its initial position, but in absence of controlling torque, the pointer won't come back to its initial position.
• The controlling force could be produced by spring or gravity control.

3.) Damping torque

• This torque is necessary to bring the pointer to rest in its final deflected position quickly.
• Without such damping, the combination of deflecting torque and controlling torque makes the pointer oscillate about its final deflected position for some time.
• The methods to produce damping torque in different instruments are:

Analysis:

Applying KCL at inverting node of the op-amp

Alternate Method:

In general, the voltage gain of an inverting amplifier is given by:

Z_f = feedback resistance

Z_in = input resistance

For the given Op-Amp circuit:

Z_in = R_in

The voltage gain will be:

Notes:

Gain of non-inverting amplifier is given by:

• In PCM an analog signal is sampled and encoded into different levels before transmission
• The bandwidth of PCM depends on the number of levels If each sample is encoded into n bits, then the bandwidth of PCM is nfs
• However, in the case of Delta modulation, each sample is sent using only 1 bit which is +Δ or -Δ Hence there is bandwidth saving in Delta modulation​
• DM has a simple hardware requirement in comparison to PCM.

Important Point

A comparison of different modulation schemes is as shown in the table below:

Concept:

For a counter with ‘n’ flip flops:

• The total number of states = 2ⁿ (0 to 2ⁿ – 1)
• The largest number that can be stored in the counter = 2ⁿ – 1

To construct a counter with any MOD number, the minimum number flip flops required must satisfy:

Modulus ≤ 2ⁿ

Where n is the number of flip-flops and is the minimum value satisfying the above condition.

Analysis:

Given counter is having 10 FF_S.

Therefore it will count 

So total it is having 1024 states. 

The value of counter after 2060 pulses is the same as that after 12 pulses given as 1100 convert Decimal no.12 into binary (1100)₂.

So after 2060 pulses, the count will be (1100)₂

Use structure “subject + auxiliary + past participle + by + object”
As per the given above sentence is given in Passive Voice.
The plants ought to be watered daily by the gardener.
Therefore ,required answer will be option D .

Malapropism: The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing or nonsensical results.

1. Anachronism: Something or someone placed in the wrong time period, out of its proper chronological order.
2. Ellipsis: The omission of one or more words from a sentence, where the omitted words are understood from the context.
3. Jinjanthropism: Attributing human characteristics or behavior to apes or other non-human primates.
4. Catechism: A summary of religious principles, often in the form of questions and answers, used for instruction in religious doctrine.

Hence according to meanings, Option A is correct.

Daunting means seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating
He loved undertaking daunting assignments
Army began a daunting operation to the flush out the terrorists

The pattern followed is,

In the first row,

The first figure is surrounded by two circles.

The second figure is surrounded by one circle.

The third figure is not surrounded by any circle.

In the second row,

The first figure is surrounded by one square.

The second figure is not surrounded by any square.

 In the third figure there is no outline.

In the third row,

The first figure is surrounded by two triangles.

The second figure is surrounded by one triangle.

And,

The third figure should not be surrounded by any triangle.

The correct image that fits is,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Tirade is a speech of criticism or denunciation, hence adoration is an antonym

One word substitution is Dotage.

Imbecility: Stupid or insane behaviour.

Youth: The period between childhood and adult age.

Dotage: The period of life in which a person is old and weak, especially with some loss of mental ability.

Superannuation: Regular payment made into a fund by an employee towards a future pension.

The original sentence "It is time to take tea" implies that the action of taking tea should happen now or at this moment.

The correct option that expresses the same sense is:

D. It is time for tea to be taken.