MPTET Varg 2 Science Mock Test - 1 - MPTET MCQ

"चंद्रकला भान कुमार", "देवी प्रसाद" का नाटक है। अतः उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प (2) देवी प्रसाद सही है तथा अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं।

Key Points

• नाटक काव्य और गध्य का एक रूप है। जो रचना श्रवण द्वारा ही नहीं अपितु दृष्टि द्वारा भी दर्शकों के हृदय में रसानुभूति कराती है उसे नाटक या दृश्य-काव्य कहते हैं।
• साहित्यदर्पण में नाटक के लक्षण, भेद आदि अधिक स्पष्ट रूप से दिए हैं।
• भरतमुनि का नाट्यशास्त्र इस विषय का सबसे प्राचीन ग्रंथ मिलता है।

Additional Information

मोहन राकेश के नाटक:-

भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र के मौलिक नाटक निम्नलिखित हैं:-

The correct answer is "Urge."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
  • "Encourage" means to give hope, support or confidence to somebody.
    • Synonyms: Inspirit, embolden, hearten.
    • Example: Riya encouraged her brother to take the challenge and go ahead.
  • "Urge" means to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do something.
    • Synonyms: Encourage, nudge, prompt.
    • Example: We would urge people to refrain from such activity. 
• From the above explanation, it is clear that the word "urge" is same in meaning to the word "encourage."

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• "Constitute" means to be one of the parts that form something.
• "Condemn" means to say strongly that you think somebody/something is very bad or wrong.
• "Criticize" means to say what is bad or wrong with somebody/something.

The correct answer is: What should I do with my hands when I speak in public?

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in the active form and in the present Simple tense and we need to change it into the passive form.
• The  Present Simple in the active voice has the following form: Question Word + modal verb+ Subject+ V1+Object+?
• The  Present Simple in the passive voice has the following form: Question Word+  modal verb + be + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
• The auxilliary verb 'be' is used with modals. (can)
• In the passive voice of Present Simple, we have to change the structure, so the subject in the active voice becomes the object in the active voice.

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.
Correct Active Voice: What should I do with my hands when I speak in public?

The correct answer is 'about'.

Key Points 

• The given sentence states that the officials were happy (by) something.
• “About” as a preposition indicates the subject of thought, feeling or action, as in, - Stop shouting about the problem and do something!
• Enthusiastic always takes the preposition 'about'. 
  • ​I am enthusiastic about the colors you find in Tibetan temples.
• For the given sentence, the grammatically and contextually correct preposition will be 'about'.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• in: expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else.
• at: expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position.
• by: indicating the means of achieving something.

• Edward Jenner invented the vaccination for smallpox in the year 1796.
• Smallpox is caused by the Varicella virus. The symptoms include light fever, the eruption of bile on the body.

Counseling is a process of enabling the individual to know himself and his present and possible future situations in order that he may make substantial contributions to society and to solve his own problems through a face-to-face relationship with the counselor.

Key Points

1. There are different types of counseling approaches which include Collective/eclectic, Directive, and Non-directive counseling. Collective counseling is a combination of Directive and Non-directive counseling.

Key Points

Collective counselling was propounded by 'F.C.Thorn'. It is a more flexible type of counselling approch which:

• uses techniques drawn from several different schools of thought.
• allows the therapist to adapt to each client’s individual diverse needs.
• combines different counselling methods to deal with counsellee's problems.
• collaborates behavioral and psychodynamic therapeutic techniques effectively.

Hence, it could be concluded that collective counselling was propounded by 'F.C. Thorn'.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Only III. 

Key Points

• The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eyes.
• Solute particles settle down when left undisturbed.
• Larger particles in a suspension can be separated from the liquid or air by filtration.
• Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture. 

Additional Information 

• Suspension: A suspension is a heterogeneous solution in which, while standing, several particles move out of the mixture.
  • In a suspension, the volume of the solvent particles is quite high. It has a length of more than 100 mm.
  • It is easy to see the molecules of a suspension.
  • A suspension’s particles don’t go through a filter paper. Thus, filtration can separate a suspension.
  • There’s shaky suspension. After some time a suspension’s particles settle down.
  • Due to its large particle size, a suspension disperses a light beam that passes through it.
• Heterogeneous mixture: This is a type of mixture in which all the components are completely mixed and all the particles can be seen under a microscope.
• Key points regarding this type of mixture:
  • Particles are distributed non-uniformly.
  • We can judge a heterogeneous mixture by just seeing it.
  • Non-uniform composition.
  • Example: seawater, pizza, etc.
• Homogenous mixture: These are the types of mixtures in which the components mixed are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
• Key points regarding such mixtures are:
  • Particles are distributed uniformly.
  • We can’t judge a homogeneous mixture by just seeing it.
  • Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions.
  • Uniform composition.
  • Example: rainwater, vinegar, etc.

Concept:

• Analogy is the study of organisms with structures that are not anatomically similar but perform similar functions. There is no common ancestor between the two organisms. They are actually a product of convergent evolution. Example of analogy includes the structure of wings of a butterfly and of birds that are not looking anatomically similar but they perform similar functions.
• Homology is the study of organisms with similar anatomical structures. Homologous organs evolved from the common ancestor. Homologous structures are a result of divergent evolution which explains that the same structures are developed along with different directions due to adaptations to different needs. Example includes the pattern of bones of forelimbs of frogs, lizards, birds, and humans that share similarities in their structures but performs different functions according to their needs in these animals.

Explanation

• The traits inherited by two different organisms from the same ancestry is known as homology.
• The similarity in the function of two different organisms because of convergent evolution is known as an analogy.
• Heterology refers to the dissimilarity in traits that do not correspond to the evolutionary origin.

Confusion Points

• Homologous and analogous structures are often confused, Homologous organs have the same origin but perform different functions while analogous organs have different origins but perform the same functions 

 CONCEPT:

Explanation:

• When the eye lens becomes less elastic then it happens.
• When the Objects nearby appear to be blurred to a person then it is called Presbyopia.
• Due to presbyopia, the ciliary muscles of the eye lens becomes weak and the visual defect started. 
• So option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Dioptre.

Explanation:

Lens:

• The transparent curved surface which is used to refract the light and make an image of any object placed in front of it is called a lens.

Concave lens:

• A concave lens is flat in the middle and thicker at the edges.
• The concave lens is also known as a diverging lens because it bends the parallel light rays outward and diverges them at the focal point.
•  It is diverting lens that diverse the parallel beam of light.
• It can also gather light from all directions and project it as a parallel beam.
• The focal length of a concave lens is negative.​

Convex lens: 

• Convex lenses are thick in the middle and thinner at the edges.
• The lens whose refracting surface is upside down is called a convex lens.
• The convex lens is also called a converging lens.
• The focal length of a convex lens is positive.
• Forms real images and virtual images depending on the position of the object.

Uses of convex lenses:

• It is used in the magnifying glass.
• Can be used in the spyhole of doors.
• Used in microscopes to generate extremely magnified images of very small objects.
• It is also widely used in camera lenses which not only focus on the image but also magnify the image.

• Non-metal oxides are usually acidic.
• It reacts with water to give a proton and the conjugate base of the oxyacid.
• Non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form acid.
• Eg. CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 ie. Carboxylic acid
• Metal oxides are basic because they react with dilute acids to form salt and water.

The correct answer is Hertz.

• Frequency is expressed in Hertz and indicates that the event is repeated every second.

Key Points

• The number of periods or cycles per second is called frequency. The SI unit for frequency is the hertz (Hz). One hertz is the same as one cycle per second.
  • Frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/seconds.
  • Any electromagnetic wave's frequency multiplied by its wavelength equals the speed of light.

Additional Information

• The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.
  • A hertz is an SI-derived unit whose expression in terms of SI base units is s⁻¹, meaning that one hertz is the reciprocal of one second.
  • It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. 

Important Points

Concept:

• Force applied by the earth's gravity on a body is called the weight of that body.
  • W = mg
  • m = mass of body, g = acceleration due to gravity.
• A Pseudo force (also called a fictitious force, or inertial force) is an apparent force that acts on all masses whose motion is described using a non-inertial frame of reference. 
  • F = ma₀
  • where m is the mass of the body and a₀ is the acceleration of the frame
• Pseudo force comes into effect when a frame is non-inertial.
• The pseudo force is applied in the opposite to the direction of motion of the reference

Explanation:

When the cable of the lift breaks, then the lift will fall down with acceleration due to gravity

acceleration of lift, a₀ = g

Now the man experiences a pseudo force in an upward direction, as lift falls freely downward

F_P = ma₀ = mg --- (1)

Also, the original weight of the man in a downward direction,

W = mg ---- (2)

Now the total force acting on the man 

⇒ N + F_P = mg

From equation 1 and 2

⇒ N + mg = mg

⇒ N = 0

N is the normal force and is equal to zero so the weight of the man in the lift will become zero.

Correct option-1

Concept:-

Units

• It is nothing but the standard for measurement of a physical quantity.
• The measurement of the quantity is basically mentioned in two parts, the first part gives how many times the standard unit, and the second part gives the name of the unit.

For example-   Suppose we say that the time interval for the happening of two events is 10 Seconds. The numeric part 10 says that it is 10 times the unit of time and the second part second says that unit.

In physics, physical quantities are broadly classified into two categories-

1. Fundamental quantities

2. Derived quantities

1. The quantities that are independent of other quantities are called fundamental quantities and the units that are used to measure all the fundamental quantities are called fundamental units.

There are basically four systems of units namely - SI, C.G.S, F.P.S, and M.K.S

2. The quantities derived using the fundamental quantities are called derived quantities, and the units used to measure all the derived quantities are called derived units.

Calculation:-

Given-

The energy of the system, E = 2eV

Since the value of 1 electron-volt (eV) is-

So, 

Hence, option-1 is correct.

Important Point

The correct answer is SA Node.

Key Points

SA Node is known as the 'Natural pacemaker of the heart'.

• The entire heart is made of cardiac muscles.
• SA node generates cardiac impulses whereas the AV node relays and intensifies cardiac impulses.
• The sino-atrial node (SA) is called the natural pacemaker of the heart.
• There are three types of muscles present in the human body.
  • Voluntary
  • involuntary
  • Cardiac
• A specialized cardiac musculature called the nodal tissue is also distributed in the heart.
• A patch of this tissue is present in the right upper corner of the right atrium called the sino-atrial node (SAN).
• Another mass of this tissue is seen in the lower-left corner of the right atrium close to the atrioventricular septum called the atrioventricular node (AVN).
• The pacemaker is a device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms.
• The radioactive element used in heart pacemakers is Plutonium.
• Plutonium-based pacemakers are larger and heavier but have a longer life expectancy.

The correct answer is Basic.

Key Points

• Magnesium oxide is a simple basic oxide because it contains oxide ions.
• It reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide which is a base.
• Metal oxides on the left side of the periodic table produce basic solutions in water (e.g. Na₂O and MgO).
• Non-metal oxides on the right side of the periodic table produce acidic solutions (e.g. Cl2O, SO2, P4O10).
• A basic solution is an aqueous solution containing more OH-ions than H+ions.
• Examples of common basic solutions include soap or detergent dissolved in water or solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate.

Additional Information

• A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic, and a solution with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic, or alkaline.
• Strong acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, and they are assigned values closer to 0.
• An amphoteric solution is a substance that can chemically react as either acid or base. However, it is also possible for oxide to be neither acidic nor basic, but is a neutral oxide.
• Examples of amphoteric substances include water, amino acids, proteins, and many metal oxides and hydroxides. Oxides and hydroxides of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, beryllium, chromium, cobalt.
• Neutral solutions are the solutions in which the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal Sodium chloride solution or a sugar solution is an example of a neutral solution.
• A neutral solution has a pH equal to 7.
  • Water is another common substance that is neutral on the pH scale.

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide.

KeyPoints

• Carbon-di-oxide contains one atom of Carbon(C) and 2 atoms of Oxygen(O).
• It is used as a fire extinguisher as it is heavier than oxygen and hence acts as a covering cutting the supply of oxygen to the fire.
  • Objects need a constant supply of oxygen to burn, this process is called combustion.
• CO₂ is also used by plants during photosynthesis to make food.

Additional Information

• Neon is a noble gas.
  • ​Nobel gasses are the gasses that do not react with anything under normal circumstances.
  • Neon is used in signs and traffic lights as it produces a bright orange glow.
• Nitrogen comprises 78% of our atmosphere and is the most abundant element in the same.
  • ​It makes up a major component of fertilizers and is also used to make dyes and explosives.
  • Nitrogen is a non-metal and nitrogen gas is an odorless and tasteless gas.
• Carbon-mono-Oxide is a poisonous gas released due to incomplete combustion.
  • It has 1 Carbon atom and 1 Oxygen atom.
  • It is also a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas.
  • It is very dangerous as it mixes more easily with our blood than oxygen, hence inhaling even a considerable amount might lead to death.

Concept:

Natural Resources:

• Resources that are drawn from Nature and used without much modification are called natural resources. 
• Natural resources can be broadly categorized into-
  • Renewable resources.
  • Non-renewable resources.

Explanation:

Non-renewable resources:

• They are those which have limited stock.
• Once the stocks are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed or replenished.

• Fossil fuels including oil, coal, and natural gas, are non-renewable resources that formed when prehistoric plants and animals died and were gradually buried by layers of rock.

Therefore, fossil fuels are a non-renewable source of energy.

 Additional Information

Renewable resources:

• They are those which get renewed or replenished quickly.
• Some of these are unlimited and are not affected by human activities.
• Examples are sunlight, wind, and water.

Concept:

• Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate is also known as Baking Soda or Sodium Bicarbonate.
• It's a crystalline solid white that's odourless.
• It has a density of 2.2 g/mL in its crystalline form and 1.2 g/mL in powder form.
• It dissolves easily in water.
• When baking soda is heated, it progressively decomposes to generate sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
• The reaction is as follows - 
• 
• Hence, the products formed after the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate are - sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. 

Explanation:

• A compound 'X', when heated, produces a colourless gas

(CO₂) which can extinguish a burning candle - X - (Sodium hydrogen carbonate).

• A bitter-tasting compound - (Sodium carbonate).
• The compound used for softening hard water - (Sodium  carbonate).

Hence the correct option is  (Sodium hydrogen carbonate).

The correct answer is The density of the iron nail is more than the density of water.

Key Points

• The density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit volume.
  • Its S.I. unit is kg/m³.
  • Density = Mass / Volume.​
• An object that is partly, or completely, submerged experiences a greater Pressure on its bottom surface than on its top surface. This causes a resultant force upwards. This force is called upthrust.
• Upthrust = Apparent loss of weight of object = Weight in the air – Weight in liquid.

 Hint

• The Density of cork is less than that of water.
  • Thus, the upthrust of water on the cork is greater than the weight of the cork. Hence, it Floats.
• On the other hand, The Density of the Iron nail is more than water, and the Upthrust of water on the iron nail is less than that of the weight of the Iron nail. Thus, it sinks.

Concept:

• Inbreeding refers to the mating between closely related individuals within the same breed for 4 - 6 generations.
• Close inbreeding usually results in the reduction of fertility and productivity. This is called inbreeding depression.

Explanation:

• The best method to overcome inbreeding depression is Out-crossing.
• It is a practice of mating animals of the same breed, that have no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations.
• The offspring is known as an out-cross.
• It is done to increase milk production and growth rate in animals.
• A single out-cross overcomes inbreeding depression.​

Additional Information

• Outbreeding: It refers to the breeding of unrelated animals either of the same breeds but not having common ancestors (out-crossing) or of different breeds (cross-breeding) or even different species (interspecific hybridization)
• Cross breeding: Cross breeding refers to the cross of superior males of one breed with superior females of another breed. It helps to accumulate the desirable genes of the two breeds into a progeny.
• Interspecific hybridization: It refers to the crossing between male and female animals of two different species.
• The progeny may or may not be of economic value.
• For example, a mule was obtained by crossing a male donkey and a female horse.

• Al (Alumunium) - Metal
• P (Phosphorous) - Non-metal
• Ca (Calcium) - Metal
• K (Potassium) - Metal

Concept:

Metals:

• The elements readily form positive ions (cations) are called metals.​
• Metals are usually solid, a good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, sonorous, and have good tensile strength. 
• Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Silver, etc are a few examples of metals. 
• ​Metals react with oxygen to form their respective metal oxides, this reaction goes in the manner given by the general equation.

​Metal + oxygen → Metal oxides

• To test the acidity and basicity of these metal oxides, they are made with water and then react with water, and then tested with litmus paper.
• A basic solution turns litmus to blue whereas an acidic solution turns blue litmus to red.
•  Metals produce basic oxides when dissolved in water.

Non-Metal:

• The physical properties of non-metals are the opposite of metals. For example, They are insulators, have lower tensile strength, dull appearance.
• They form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons.
• Generally, the Oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.

Explanation:

• P is for phosphorous which is non-metal. Other Al - Aluminium, Ca - Calcium, and K - Potassium is some metals.
• Phosphorous is p block element they are generally non-metal, metalloid, and some metals.
• Ca, K is s block element and they are generally metal.
• Al is p block element but metallic in nature.

A lesson plan is a teacher's guide that includes all the activities that have to be done while teaching a specific topic. The process we follow today of lesson planning was introduced by Friedrich Herbert. The steps are known as the Herbartian steps of the lesson planning. 

• A science teacher has to play the role of a facilitator, moderator, and guide. So, the lesson plan of science must include activities, group discussions, and experiments that use the audio-visual teaching aids effectively.
• The main aim of a science lesson plan is to conduct discussions and experiments, helping slow learners, encouraging peer group learning, and improving the teacher-student relationship. The steps are generally the same in lesson planning of all the subjects.

Key Points

The steps involved in the lesson plan

Hence, it could be concluded that (iii), (i), (iv), (ii) is correct in the context of the question.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. prevents the mercury level from falling on its own when taken out of our body

CONCEPT:​

• Thermometer: ​A device that measures the temperature is called a thermometer.
• Clinical thermometer: The thermometer that measures the body temperature is called a clinical thermometer.
  • The temperature of the human body is between 35∘C to 42∘C. Thus, the range of a clinical thermometer is 35∘C to 42∘C.
  • It consists of a thin glass tube and a bulb that contains mercury.
  • The kink is a constriction that prevents the movement of mercury in the tube. Due to this, the mercury takes time to reach a given temperature reading and also does not fall rapidly.

​

​EXPLANATION:

• The thermometer is generally placed inside the human body and taken out to see the reading.
• While reading, it is necessary that the mercury does not fall back to show the room temperature.
• This is taken care of by the kink which prevents the mercury level from falling on its own when taken out of our body.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e 100 J.

CONCEPT:

• Work performed by force is equivalent to the product of the magnitude of force(F) applied and the distance the body moves through(d).  
• Mathematically, the Formula for worked done will be given as
  • W = Fd  --------(1)
  • where, F= |F|

CALCULATION:

• Given, the mass of a bag, m= 5kg
• Displacement, d = 2m
• As we know,
• F = mg
  • where,
  • Force is measured in Newtons, N.
  • Mass is measured in kilograms, kg.
  • Acceleration is measured in meters per second square. (g = 10m/s)
• Force, F = m × g =  5 × 10= 50N
• Put the value of F in eq (1)
  • W = 50 X 2 = 100J
• Thus, the work done by the boy is 100J.

• There are 15 protons and 22 neutrons in the nucleus of an element. Its mass number is 37.
• Mass number or atomic mass is the sum of proton and neutron.
• Therefore, mass number = 15 + 22 = 37
• Chlorine has atomic number 17. It contains 17 protons and 17 electrons.
• Chlorine ion (Cl) is formed when Cl gains one electron.
• So, Cl has 18 electrons and 17 protons.
•  Atomic number of Cl = Number of protons = 17
•  The mass number of Chlorine will be the same as Chlorine i.e. 35.

Explanation:

Intercalated discs are the characteristics of Cardiac muscles.

• Cardiac Muscle Tissues are shorter and striped. They usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell.
• Cardiac Muscle Tissues also possess many mitochondria and myoglobin.
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue cells also are extensively branched and are connected at their ends by intercalated discs.
• An intercalated disc allows the cardiac muscle cells to contract in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work as a pump.

Additional Information

• Smooth muscles: They are called smooth or visceral muscles because they are found in the visceral organ of the body. They are non-striated and involuntary.
• Skeletal muscles: Fibres of skeletal muscle tissue are long, straight and unbranched. They are voluntary means they can be controlled. It supports internal organ
• It helps to move the head, trunk, limbs, facial expression, eating, etc.
• Sphincter muscles: A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.
• Sphincters are found in many animals

The correct option is Centrifugal Force Key Points

• On an object travelling in a circle, the centrifugal force is an apparent outward force.
• The sensation you get while riding a merry-go-round that makes you want to fly outwards is an illustration of centrifugal force.

Additional InformationCentripetal Force:

• The force applied to an item in curved motion that is pointed toward the axis of rotation or the centre of curvature is known as a centripetal force.
• From an inertial point of view, it is observed.

The formula for Centripetal Force:

F - Centripetal force

m - a mass of the body

v - velocity of the object

r - radius of rotation. 

Centrifugal Force:

• A fictitious force that moves in a circle and is directed away from the centre of the circle is called centrifugal force.
• From a non-inertial point of view, it is noticed.
• The formula of centrifugal force sam as a centripetal force only opposite in direction so we use a negative sign.
• 

Examples:

• On a Banked road, a centrifugal force tends to push the car toward the outside edge of the road as it moves forward quickly.
• The tangential speed of the earth's rotation and the centrifugal force is directly inversely proportional. At the equator, the centrifugal force is most intensely felt.

Concept:

For a body moving in a straight line with constant acceleration, then

• v = u + at
• s = ut + at²
• v² = u² + 2as
• Where u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, s = displacement, t = time.
• From Newton's second law
• F = ma, where m = mass, a = acceleration

Calculation:

Given, mass of ship, m = 3 x 10⁷ kg, force, F = 5 x 10⁴ N

Then acceleration,  m/s²

Now from equation, 

v² = u² + 2as

⇒ v = 0.1 m/s

In the field of education, teachers use different kinds of methods for reliable data collection related to the students and the observation schedule is one of them.

Key Points

In the above-mentioned situation, observation schedule would be the most appropriate tool to assess the students on different process skills as it is a qualitative assessment tool in which teachers:

• observe students' behaviour such as bodily gestures, facial expressions, etc.

• observe students while asking, drawing, discussing and behaving individually as well as in groups.
• establish friendly relationships with students to observe them effectively to get realistic information.

• don't let the students realise that they are under observation that's why students act naturally which leads to qualitative observation.

 Hence, it could be concluded that observation schedule would be the most appropriate tool to assess the students on different process skills.

Additional Information