NVS Mess Helper Mock Test - 1 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

According to the question-
1) N is shorter than L, but taller than O.
O < N < L

2) M is taller than N But shorter than L.
O < N < M < L

3) L is not as tall as k, the final arrangement is.
O < N < M < L < K

According to the height M is the middle person.
Hence, the correct answer is "M".

Here, in all the figures except the figure (2), small triangle inside the circle is pointed toward the center of circle.
But, in figure (2) small triangle inside the circle is pointed outward the center of circle.

Hence, the figure (2) is odd from all.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols

Therefore, from the above family tree it is clear that the lady is Rajan's Aunt.

Hence, the correct answer is Aunt.

The correct answer is Prithvi.​

Key Points

• The Prithvi was India's first indigenously developed ballistic missile produced by the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program(IGMDP)
• It is a road-mobile, short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) powered by a single-stage, two engines, and liquid- fuel.
• Development of Prithvi began in 1983, and it was first tested on February 25, 1988
• Till now, three versions of Prithvi are- Prithvi-I, Prithvi-II, Prithvi-III.​

Additional Information

Key Points

• The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 added new provisions related to cooperative societies in the fundamental rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) of the Constitution of India.
• It established the right to form cooperative societies as a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c) and introduced a new DPSP related to the promotion of cooperative societies under Article 43-B.
• Additionally, it inserted Part IXB into the Constitution, titled "The Co-operative Societies" to provide for the functioning of cooperative societies.
• However, it's important to note that in 2021, the Supreme Court of India held that the portion of the 97th Amendment Act related to cooperative societies to be ultra vires the Constitution insofar as it applies to cooperative societies under state jurisdiction, for want of the requisite ratification under Article 368(2) of the Constitution

Vacuous is lacking in ideas, intelligence and so on. Hence, bright is an antonym.

The correct order will be:
People → of all professions (R)→ went to him (Q)→ for medicine and treatment (S)→ at his dispensary.(P)

The sentence "I saw him leaving the house" is in the active voice.

The correct option that expresses the same sentence in the passive voice is:

A. He was seen leaving the house by me.

The word Meticulous (Adjective) means : paying careful attention to every detail; fastidious; thorough.
Careless in option (c) is the correct autonomy. 

The erroneous part is 'The breathtaking sceneries of'.

Key Points

• The sentence has an error in the word "sceneries." The correct form should be "scenery" (singular), not "sceneries" (plural).
• The corrected sentence would be: "The breathtaking scenery of the mountains and lakes left us in awe during our hike through the national park."
• "Scenery" is a mass noun, meaning it doesn't typically have a plural form. It refers to the overall visual aspects of a landscape or view, encompassing natural features such as mountains, lakes, forests, and so on. It's an uncountable noun used to describe the collective visual impression of an area.
• For example:
  • "The coastal scenery in that region is stunning."
  • "The rural scenery in the countryside was serene and picturesque." 
• In the corrected sentence, "scenery" is used to describe the combined visual beauty of mountains and lakes, and it remains singular because it represents the overall landscape or view, not individual components.

Additional Information

• Other nouns which are always used in singular form: Scenery, information, furniture, advice, machinery, stationery, news, poetry, business, mischief, fuel, issue, repair, bedding. 

The correct answer is 'hold our horses'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate idiom to fill in the blank is: hold our horses.
• "Hold our horses" means to wait or be patient before taking action. In this context, it suggests that the speaker thinks they should wait or be patient before making a decision about buying the car. 
• Meanings of other options:
  • "Eat like a horse": This idiom means to eat a lot or have a hearty appetite. It is unrelated to the context of the sentence.
  • "Stop to change horses": This idiom refers to the practice of stopping during a journey to switch horses. It does not fit the context of the sentence.
  • "Get off our high horse": This idiom means to stop acting arrogantly or superior. It is unrelated to the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is Protein.

Key Points

• Protein Basis: Proteins are essential nutrients comprising amino acids that serve as the building blocks for various body tissues, including muscles, skin, and hair.
• They also play crucial roles in many bodily functions, including immune response, enzyme and hormone production, and cell repair and maintenance.
• Protein in Green Leafy Vegetables and Fruits: While green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits do contain some protein, the amount is relatively small compared to other food groups such as meats, dairy products, legumes, and nuts.
• Generally, an adult needs to consume a substantial volume of fruits or vegetables to meet their daily protein requirement solely from these sources, which is not practical or filling.
• Balancing Nutrition: It's worth noting that while fruits and vegetables are low in protein, they are rich in other vital nutrients that are often less abundant in high-protein foods.
• For instance, vegetables and fruits are high in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, but low in saturated fats and cholesterol.
• This makes them a crucial part of a balanced diet.
• Amino Acid Consideration: Besides the quantity, the quality of protein should also be considered, which depends on the amino acid profile.
• There are nine "essential" amino acids that must come from our diet as our body cannot synthesize them.
• Most plant sources, unlike animal sources, lack one or more of the essential amino acids or contain them in lesser amounts, making them "incomplete" protein sources.
• Complementary Protein Sources: By combining different plant-based foods, it's possible to obtain all the essential amino acids and form a complete protein source.
• This is especially important in vegetarian and vegan diets to ensure adequate protein intake.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• Food processing is like a magic wand that changes basic ingredients into amazing foods we can eat. It takes things like grains, fruits, and vegetables and turns them into bread, juice, and other foods that are ready to eat or cook.
• This makes our food more convenient to store, safer to eat, and sometimes even tastier. It's all about making sure everyone has access to a variety of foods that are enjoyable and safe to eat, no matter where or when.

Additional Information

• To improve the taste of food only: While making food tastier can be part of food processing, it’s not the main goal. Taste is just one of many things food processing can improve.
• To make food less nutritious: This isn’t true. The goal isn’t to take away nutrition; in fact, many food processing methods can help preserve or even enhance the nutritional value of food.
• To increase food production costs: Actually, the goal is often the opposite. Food processing can make it easier and sometimes less expensive to produce and distribute food, although it does add some costs for the processing steps themselves.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of nutritional well-being for a healthy and fulfilling life, highlighting how the foods we consume support physical and mental health.
• It specifically mentions the need to understand the value of nutrition and make informed food choices to maintain bodily functions, support growth and development, and enhance mental and emotional well-being.
• Understanding nutritional value helps in choosing foods that provide the necessary nutrients and energy our body requires.

Thus, the correct answer is Understanding the value of nutrition.

Additional Information

• Following diet trends: Diet trends can come and go and might not be suitable for everyone. The passage emphasizes the need for informed choices based on nutritional value rather than following trends that may not provide balanced or adequate nutrition.
• Eating only organic food: While organic food is a preference for some, the passage focuses on the nutritional content and informed choices rather than the source or method of production of the food. Not all organic foods are superior in nutritional value, and not all nutritious foods are organic.
• Consuming as many calories as possible: This choice misinterprets the concept of nutrition. While calories are a measure of energy provided by food, consuming excessive calories can lead to health problems such as obesity. The passage suggests making informed choices to meet bodily needs, which involves balancing calorie intake with physical activity and choosing foods that provide a wide range of nutrients.

The correct answer is option 4

Key Points

• The passage mentions that food plays a vital role in cultural practices and social bonds, often being at the heart of gatherings and celebrations.
• This emphasizes that food is not just about sustenance; it also serves as a means to bring people together, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.
• During celebrations or gatherings, meals can become a focal point for interaction, tradition, and the strengthening of bonds.

Thus, correct answer is By being central to gatherings and celebrations.

 Additional Information

• By discouraging social gatherings: This is the opposite of what the passage suggests. Food often encourages social gatherings by being a reason or focus for coming together.
• By having no impact: The passage clearly states that food has a significant impact on social bonds, making it a central element in cultural practices and gatherings.
• By replacing the need for social interaction: The passage does not suggest that food replaces the need for social interaction; rather, it enhances social bonds by being a common element that brings people together during social interactions.

• Calories are the measurement used to express the energy delivered by food.
• Teenagers need lots of energy and nutrients because they're still growing.
• The amount of energy that food and drink contains is measured in kilojoules (kJ) and calories
• The body demands more calories during early adolescence than at any other time of life.
• Boys require an average of 2,800 calories per day of ages 13 and 15 years.
• Girls require an average of 2,200 calories per day.

Additional Information

• The most important micronutrients for adolescents are calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and iron.
• Calcium levels increase to 1,300 mg/day during adolescence to support bone growth and prevent osteoporosis later in life. Low-fat dairy products and foods fortified with calcium, such as breakfast cereals and orange juice, are excellent sources of calcium.
• Iron needs increase for adolescent girls with the onset of menstruation (15 mg/day for ages 9 to 13 and 18 mg/day for ages 14 to 18). Adolescent boys also need additional iron for the development of lean body mass (11 mg/day for ages 14-18).
• Vitamin A is critical to support the rapid development and growth that happens during adolescence. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake meets vitamin A needs.

Key Points

• A small amount of starch, that is not digested in the small intestine is called resistant starch.
• Resistant starch has been defined as “ the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals".
• Resistant starch is one of the most abundant dietary sources of non-digestible carbohydrates and it has a smaller impact on lipid and glucose metabolism.

Important Points

Effect of Resistant Starch :

• Carbohydrates in the diet are starches. Starches are a long chain of glucose found in grains, potatoes, and various food.
• All starch we eat does not get digested, it passes through the digestive tract unchanged.
• This type of starch functions like soluble fiber and has powerful health benefits.
• The physiological properties of resistant starch (and hence the potential health benefit) can vary widely depending on the study design and differences in the source, type, and dose of resistant starch consumed.
• Resistant Starch acts largely through its large bowel bacterial fermentation products which are, in adults, short-chain fatty acids.
• There is also increasing interest in using RS to lower the energy value and available carbohydrate content of foods.

Additional Information

• Modified starch -  Modified starch is the starch extracted from grains and vegetables which has been treated to improve its ability to keep the texture and structure of the food. We use modified starch in food products that need to be microwaved, freeze-dried, cooked at high temperatures (for example, a ready-made pizza, instant soup, sauces), or baked and fried so that the texture of such food does not change during the cooking process.
• Gelatinized starch -  Starch gelatinization is the process where starch and water are subjected to heat causing the starch granules to swell. The water is gradually absorbed in an irreversible manner. This gives the system a viscous and transparent texture. The result of the reaction is a gel, which is used in sauces, puddings, creams, and other food products, providing a pleasing texture.
• Dextrified starch - Dextrins are carbohydrates made from starch naturally present in vegetables and grains.  Dextrin is a generic term applied to a variety of products obtained by heating a starch in the presence of small amounts of moisture and acid.

Traits are typically defined as the different characteristics that make up an individual's personality. Personalities are made up of several different broad traits. DNA helps to know the personality traits and genetic traits of a person.

Explanation:

• Both nature and nurture (DNA) can play a role in personality, although several large-scale twin studies suggest that there is a strong genetic component.
• In the nucleus of each cell in our body are 23 pairs of chromosomes. One of each pair comes from our parents. These chromosomes are made up of strands of the molecule DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is grouped into segments known as genes. A gene is the basic biological unit that transmits characteristics from one generation to the next.Personality is not determined by any single gene, but rather by the actions of many genes working together. So DNA can be used to know the genetic traits as well as the personality traits of a person. 
• Overall, DNA has more influence than parents do on shaping our personality.

Additional Information

The five traits that constitute our personality are:

• Agreeableness: affection, kindness, altruism, trust, and other prosocial behaviors.
• Conscientiousness: good impulse control, high levels of thoughtfulness, and goal-directed behaviors.
• Extroversion: assertiveness, talkativeness, sociability, and excitability.
• Neuroticism:  moodiness, emotional instability, sadness, worries about many different things
• Openness: creative, open to trying new things, happy to think about abstract concepts.
• Hence, we can conclude that DNA test helps us to know the genetic traits of a person and the nature of personality and its composition.

5 Moments for Hand Hygiene according to WHO.

The correct answer is Caffeine.

• Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system, causing increased alertness.
  • Caffeine gives most people a temporary energy boost and elevates mood.

Caffeine is in tea, coffee, chocolate, many soft drinks, and pain relievers, and other over-the-counter medications.
Additional Information  

• Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant.
  • When it reaches your brain, the most noticeable effect is alertness.
  • You'll feel more awake and less tired, so it's a common ingredient in medications to treat or manage drowsiness, headaches, and migraines.
  • Caffeine is an alkaloid occurring naturally in some 60 plant species, of which cocoa beans, kola nuts, tea leaves, and coffee beans are the most well-known.
  • Other natural sources of caffeine include yerba maté, guarana berries, guayusa, and the yaupon holly.
  • Caffeine is a stimulant drug, which means it speeds up the messages traveling between the brain and the body.
  • It's found in the seeds, nuts, and leaves of a number of different plants, including Coffea Arabica (used for coffee) and Thea Sinensis (used for tea).

Child development is the study of how children grow and change physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially from birth to adulthood.

Key PointsThe following are some of the key stages of child development:

• Prenatal development (from conception to birth): Prenatal development refers to the development of a child from conception to birth. This is a critical period of development, as the child's physical and neurological structures are forming.
• Infancy (from birth to 18 months): Infancy is the period of development from birth to 18 months. During this time, infants experience rapid growth and development in all areas, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social.
• Early childhood (from 18 months to 5 years): Early childhood is the period of development from 18 months to 5 years. During this time, children continue to grow and develop rapidly, and they begin to learn and explore the world around them.
• Middle childhood (from 6 to 11 years): Middle childhood is the period of development from 6 to 11 years. During this time, children's physical development slows down, but they continue to learn and grow in cognitive, emotional, and social ways.
• Adolescence (from 12 to 18 years): Adolescence is the period of development from 12 to 18 years. During this time, adolescents experience major physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes.

The correct sequence of periods of child development is Prenatal, Infancy, Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and Adolescence.

All food that is to be held cold must be held at 41° F or below temperature.

Key Points 

• All food, especially TCS foods should be held cold at 41° F or below this temperature because these are highly perishable foods.
• By failing so, microbial spoilage will occur readily and leads to microbial food spoilage.
• That’s why it’s critical to control temperatures and reduce the amount of time that food is exposed to the hot zone – temperatures between 41° F and 135° F.
• Higher and lower temperatures retard or stop bacteria from growing. 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mainly consists of hydrocarbon gasses like propane, butane, isobutene.

Key Points

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), also called cooking gas, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

Additional Information

• Butane is a colorless, odorless, gaseous hydrocarbon. Its chemical formula is C₄H₁₀. 
• Ethyne is also known as acetylene. It is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C₂H₂.
• Propane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through pressurization and is commonly used for fuel in heating, cooking, and vehicles.
• Ethene is a gaseous by-product of the process of cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons. 

Colostrum is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals immediately following the delivery of a newborn. It differs considerably from regular breast milk and contains several crucial elements needed for the baby's development. The choices given are high sugar content, antibodies and protective elements, fatty acids for muscle development, and lactose for digestion.

Key Points

Colostrum is often referred to as the baby's "first vaccine" due to its rich composition of antibodies and protective elements.

• These antibodies, particularly Immunoglobulin A (IgA), help protect the newborn against bacteria and viruses by forming a protective layer on the mucous membranes in the baby's intestines, throat, and nose.
• This is particularly significant as the newborn's own immune system is still developing.
• High sugar content, fatty acids for muscle development, and lactose for digestion, while important nutrients for the baby, are standard components of both colostrum and later stages of breast milk. Although they have their own advantages, they are not what designate colostrum as unique or primarily crucial.

As such, the substantial presence of antibodies and protective elements is what gives colostrum its critical role in the early days of an infant's life, aiding in the provision of immunity before the baby's own immune system begins to mature. 

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• When people consume more polished rice:

1. ​ Polished rice is white rice that has had its outer brown layer removed, which includes the bran and most of the germ.
2. This process removes many nutrients, including thiamine (Vitamin B1). Therefore, diets predominantly consisting of polished rice can lead to thiamine deficiency.

• Adopt improper cooking practices:

1. Improper cooking practices, such as cooking at high temperatures and for prolonged periods, can destroy thiamine present in the food.

• Throwing excess water after cooking rice:

1. ​Thiamine is water-soluble, which means it can leach into the water when you cook rice.
2. If we throw away the excess water after cooking, we also throw away any thiamine that had leached into the water, contributing to a potential deficiency.

Docking is a term best related to baking.

Key PointsDefinition of docking: A pie or tart crust is docked, by pricking it all over with a fork, to allow steam to exit while the crust is baking. This helps prevent the crust from puffing up and shrinking.

When docking is used: Docking can be used instead of baking a crust with pie weights. However, it is best used for pies and tarts that will not have a very liquid filling.

Additional InformationRoasting: roasting is a cooking method in which dry heat is used, where hot air covers the food cooking it evenly. During roasting temperature reaches up to 150° C.

Microwave: It is a device that uses microwave radiation to heat the food which is kept under it. The microwave oven operates at a frequency of 2450 MHz.

Poêlé: It is a french word meaning stove. The stove is generally connected either by gas connection or it works on induction and is used for cooking food in utensils like frying pan, woks, etc.

Residues of Bisphenol A in foods are due to migration from packaging made from plastics and epoxy resins.

Key Points

Bisphenol A is a monomeric, organic compound that consists of two phenolic rings linked by a methyl bridge.

The chemical formula of Bisphenol A C₁₅H₁₆O₂ & its molecular weight is 228.18 g/mol.

Epoxy resins are thermosetting polymers produced by the condensation between epichlorohydrin (ECH) and aliphatic amines or aromatic amines, thiols, polyamides, amidoamine, anhydrides, or any kind of phenols such as Bisphenol-A.

Important Points

Residues of Bisphenol A in foods are due to migration from packaging made from plastics and epoxy resins.

This resin code on a plastic container indicates that BPA may have been used in its manufacture.

Additional Information

1. The use of BPA as starting material for epoxy resins results in polymers known as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), which are the most common kind of epoxy resins.
2. The effects of heat, storage, and damage on the migration rate have also been observed in materials containing epoxy resins.
3. The impact of temperature during various times was also investigated in a different study in which it was concluded that the level of migrating BPA molecules from can coatings manufactured from epoxy resins into the water was higher at 121 °C for 30 min than at 105 °C for the same time. 

The correct answer is the availability of food and access to money.

Concept:

Food security: It refers to the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food to all people at all times.

Explanation:

Food security has the following dimensions:

• Availability of Food: It means food production within the country, food imports, and the previous year’s stock stored in government granaries.
• Accessibility of Food: It means food is within reach of every person.
• Affordability of Food: It implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs.

Key Points

• India's Efforts for Food Security during the Covid-19 Pandemic:
  • High Production of Foodgrains: India registered an all-time high production of foodgrains at 305 million tonnes as well as in exports during 2020-21, contributing to global food security.
  • KISAN RAIL: It was introduced to transport the essential commodities including perishable horticulture produce, milk, and dairy products from the production centers to the large urban markets.
  • Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Under this scheme, free food grains were provided to 810 million beneficiaries and it has been further extended in which workers will benefit till November 2021.
  • PM Kisan Scheme: More than Rs.1,37,000 Crore have been sent to the bank accounts of over 100 million farmers under this to provide income support to the farmers.

Additional Information

• Food and Agriculture Organization:
  • FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
  • World Food Day is celebrated every year on 16th October to mark the anniversary of the founding of the FAO in 1945.
  • It is one of the UN food aid organizations based in Rome (Italy).
  • Its sister bodies are the World Food Programme and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
• Initiatives Taken:
  • Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Monitors the Desert Locust situation throughout the world.
  • The Codex Alimentarius Commission or CAC is the body responsible for all matters regarding the implementation of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme.
  • The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

• Food preservation of low temperature is a physical method of food preservation.
• Lowering the storage temperature of the food will reduce or prevent spoilage by microorganisms and/or chemical reaction.