HP TET TGT Medical Mock Test - 4 - HP TET MCQ

Action research in education can be defined as the process of studying a school situation to understand and improve the quality of the educative process. It is an attractive option for teacher researchers, school administrative staff, and other stakeholders in the teaching and learning environment to consider. . It provides practitioners with new knowledge and understanding about how to improve educational practices or resolve significant problems in classrooms and school. 

Children think that everything around them, including toys, is alive. This example points to a prominent characteristic of the preoperational stage called ‘animism’ by Piaget. It is a result of egocentric thinking and refers to the tendency of children to assign humanistic qualities to inanimate things.

• They believe that non-living things have desires and think, feel, and act like them.
• A logical consequence of animistic thinking is the strong emotional response towards non-living objects―talking to their toys, taking care of them, and expressing their feelings towards them.

Development proceeds from general to specific. In all areas of development, general activity always precedes specific activity. For example, the fetus moves its whole body but is incapable of making specific responses. With respect to emotional behaviour, infants approach strange and unusual objects with some sort of general fear response.
Later, their fears become more specific and elicit different kinds of behaviour, such as crying, turning away and hiding, etc.

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'.

• He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages. 

A salt associated with the water of crystallization is known as a hydrate.

Atomic mass of oxygen
= 15.999 u

The general chemical equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydrogen carbonate involves the formation of salt, water, and carbon dioxide. This reaction is characteristic of how acids interact with metal hydrogen carbonates to produce these specific products. Understanding such reactions is fundamental in studying the properties of acids and their behavior in chemical reactions.

⇒ C atoms = 3 mole
H atoms = 6 mole

• Tritium (³H) is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
• The nucleus of a tritium atom consists of a proton and two neutrons.

The correct answer is A .
The structure of protein which results when the chain of polypeptides coil around to give a spherical shape are known as globular protein. These proteins are soluble in water, e.g., insulin and albumin are globular protein.

The basic nature of the oxides decreases from left to right in a period, e.g., in third period.

Based on the given figure, the correct option is C: A - Archegoniophore, B-Gemma cup, C-Rhizoids as it correctly identifies the labeled parts.

Fig: Female thallus of Merchantia

• Archegoniophore: It is a stalk-like structure found in the liverwort plant Marchantia. Archegoniophores carry archegonia on their tops. Archegonia are female sexual organs that produce and release egg cells.
• Gemma cup: It is a small, cup-shaped structure found on the surface of the thallus in liverworts and certain fungi. They contain gemmae, which are small discs of tissue that can develop into a new plant.
• Rhizoids: These are hair-like structures found in lower plants like mosses, liverworts, and fungi. They aid in absorption and anchorage.

1. Needle-like Leaves:

• Needle-like leaves are much thinner than the broad leaves of other plants. This reduces the surface area that is exposed to the harsh environmental conditions, thereby limiting water loss through transpiration.

2. Thick Cuticle:

• The cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the leaves of gymnosperms. It serves as a barrier that protects the plant from water loss and damage from external factors such as wind and extreme temperatures.

3. Sunken Stomata:

• Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. In gymnosperms, these stomata are often sunken or recessed into the leaf tissue.

In conclusion, all these features - needle-like leaves, thick cuticle, and sunken stomata - work together to help gymnosperms withstand extreme conditions of temperature, humidity, and wind.

KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) absorbs carbon dioxide. The leaf inside the bottle containing KOH solution does not become blue-black when compared with the leaf which is exposed to atmospheric air. This shows that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.

While PS II has a P680 reaction centre that absorbs red light at 680 nm.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for the growth and development of plants. It is involved in the synthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA), which is a natural auxin.

The function of zinc is to activate the enzyme tryptophan synthetase which is responsible for auxin biosynthesis from tryptophan.

The Calvin cycle has three stages.
1)carbon fixation
2)reduction
3)regeneration.
At the end of each Calvin cycle net gain is 9ATP and 6 NADPH2.In each Calvin cycle, 3 CO₂ molecules are fixed with RuBP to form 2 molecules of 3PGA in the first step. Later two molecules of 3PGA through a series of reactions regenerate 2RuBP in the third stage. So, for the fixation of one CO₂ carbon dioxide molecule through the Calvin cycle requires 3ATP and 2NADPH2.
So, the correct answer is 'option B'.

Photophosphorylation is the process in which ATP is produced, which is called as energy currency of the cell. During this process, ADP is phosphorylated to give ATP in presence of light energy.
So, the correct answer is option B.

• Oxysomes refer to small round structures present within the folds of the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is also known as F₀-F₁ particles.
• F₀ and F₁ particles are found in the inner mitochondrial region and are attached to the cristae and help in ATP production and oxidation.

Prions are the infectious proteinaceous particles. Prion proteins are designated as PrP. Prions are very stable to thermal degradations and thus, they don't get denatured easily.

At 100°C, both bacteria and Mycoplasma can't survive. Mycoplasma lacks cell wall so it can't resist such a high temperature. A normal bacteria also can't resist such high temperature unless and until it is a thermophilic bacteria that can thrive in extremely hot conditions. At high temperature, enzymes get denatured which results in the death of the organism.

But prions are extremely resistant to the high temperature so even after boiling at 100°C they can be found as such.

So the correct answer is A.

Explanation: In monosporic development, only one megaspore out of the four produced from the megaspore mother cell (MMC) develops into the female gametophyte. The other three megaspores typically degenerate. Therefore, the assertion is correct. However, the reason is incorrect as it states that all four megaspores become functional, which is not the case in monosporic development.

Cell growth results in disturbing the ratio between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Therefore, it becomes essential for the cell to divide to restore the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.

The 8 levels of modern taxonomy classification systems are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Ovule/s are located inside the ovary. The point of attachment of the ovule to the ovary is called the funicle. Funicle extends to hilum as stalk.

Given pyramid is pyramid of numbers in a parasitic food chain. In a parasitic food chain, the pyramid of numbers is inverted. This is due to the fact that a single plant may support the growth of many herbivores and each herbivore in turn may provide nutrition to several parasites, which in turn support many hyper-parasites. Thus, from the producer towards consumers, the number of organisms gradually increase, making the pyramid inverted in shape.

Both DNA and RNA consists of polymers of nucleotides. RNA is single stranded but DNA is double stranded. DNA polynucleotide contains thymine but RNA polynucleotide contains uracil.

Explanation:

• DNA nucleotides are attached by the Hydrogen bond.
• A nucleotide is the basic unit of polynucleotide chain of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
• The nitrogenous bases are found in the strand's inward direction. 
• The nitrogenous bases of the two antiparallel strands form hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of two helical strands.
• The nitrogenous bases used in DNA (double-stranded helical structure) are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
• Adenine is joined to thymine with two hydrogen bonds, whereas guanine is joined to cytosine by three hydrogen bonds.

Thus, DNA nucleotides are attached by Hydrogen bond.

Kyoto Protocol:

• It is a legally binding treaty to reduce greenhouse emissions.
• The Clean Development Mechanism allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO₂.
• These CERs can be traded, sold, and used by industrialized countries to meet their emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. 

Cartagena Protocol:

• It is a legally binding international agreement under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
• It aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology. 

Nagoya Protocol:

• It is an international legally binding protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing.

Annex 1 countries:

• Includes developed countries and economies in transition

Therefore, only pair 3 is correct.

0.04 per cent is considered to be the optimum concentration of carbon dioxide for natural balance in the atmosphere. The human CO₂ content in the air is only 0.0016%.