Bihar B.Ed CET Mock Test - 9 - Bihar PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

दवात एकवचन शब्द है जिसका बहुवचन शब्द दवातें हैं। दिए गए अन्य विकल्पों का कोई सार्थक अर्थ नहीं है न ही और न ही वो दवात का बहुवचन रूप हो सकते हैं।

'ईदगाह' मुंशी प्रेमचंद की प्रसिद्ध कहानी है। 

इस कहानी में प्रेमचंद ने एक बालक की मनोदशा का बहुत ही मार्मिक चित्रण किया है।

इनकी अन्य कहानियाँ हैं- पूस की रात, शतरंज के खिलाड़ी, बूढ़ी काकी, ठाकुर का कुआं, बड़े घर की बेटी, कफन, सौत, सवा सेर गेहूं आदि।

• वह खा रहा था। - अपूर्ण भूत
• क्रिया के जिस रूप से ये पता चलता हैं कि कार्य भूतकाल में पूरा नहीं हुआ था तथा कार्य अभी भी जारी है उसे अपूर्ण भूत कल कहते हैं।
  • उदाहरण - वह खेल रहा था।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• संदिग्धभूत - क्रिया के जिस रूप से बीते हुआ अतीत याद आये या उसका संदेह हो उसे संदिग्ध काल कहते हैं।
• हेतुहेतुमद् भूतकाल - क्रिया के जिस रूप से यह पता चलता हैं कि कार्य हो सकता था परंतु दूसरे कार्य की वजह से नहीं हो पाया हैं ऐसे काल को हेतुहेतुमद् भूतकाल कहते हैं।
• हेतुहेतुमद् भविष्यत् - जहाँ क्रिया के भविष्य में हो सकने पर किसी कारण का प्रतिबन्ध दीखता हो, वहाँ क्रिया के काल को हेतुहेतुमद भविष्य काल कहते हैं।

Additional Informationकाल के तीन भेद हैं -

1. भूतकाल
2. वर्तमान काल
3. भविष्य काल

दुबला-पतला - लड़का युग्म में लिंग की शुद्धता है।

अन्य शुद्ध युग्म:-

टोपी - काली 

सुनहरा - पत्ता

उड़ती हुई - चिड़िया

From the final arrangement, we get “C sits at one of the extreme ends".
Hence, Option D is correct.
References:
O sits 3^rd to the right of N.
One who sits just behind O is to the immediate right of E.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the following cases:

References:
B is neither at any of the extreme ends nor sits exactly behind O.
The number of people sitting between C and E, is the same as the number of people sitting between E and B.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the following cases:

References:
D doesn’t sit at any of the extreme ends.
P sits on a seat which is exactly ahead of A.
M is not exactly ahead of E.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the following cases:
Case 1: Position of D cannot be fixed, thus this case is eliminated.

Case 2: We get the final arrangement as below:

Hence, option C is correct.

From Statement I:  From this statement, we have three possible scenarios as shown:

Clearly, Statement I alone is insufficient to answer the question.

From Statement II:

From this statement, we get the following table

Clearly, Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

Now combining both the statements, we get,

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Checking Statement I:

Code for the word dove cannot be found.

Hence data in statement I is sufficient to answer the question.

Checking Statement II:

Code for the word dove cannot be found because it is not mentioned in statement II.

Hence data in statement II is sufficient to answer the question.

Checking Statement both statements I and II together:

The code for dove is 'hv'.

Hence data in statement I and II together is not sufficient to answer the question.

Hence option D is correct.

From the common explanation, we get Aarti sits third to the right of Kirti.

Hence, Option D is correct.

Final Arrangement:

Common Explanation:

References:

Eight students Kirti, Ayushi, Manu, Sona, Aarti, Bobby, Ankita and Divya are sitting around the square table.

Four students sit on each side while rest on each corner.

Students at the side face away from the centre and students at the corner faces towards the centre.

Inferences:

So, we need to arrange as follows to accommodate the information as stated in the question,

References:

Divya sits third to the left of Ayushi.

Kirti sits opposite to Manu and both faces away from the centre.

Inferences:

From the above references, we get the following two different cases:

Case 1:

Case 2:

References:

Neither Kirti nor Manu are beside Ayushi.

Sona sits immediate left of Ankita, who sits on the side of the table.

Bobby is not an immediate right of Ayushi.

Bobby is not adjacent to Manu.

Inferences:

So, from this case 2 will be eliminated as neither Kirti nor Manu are beside Ayushi.

Now, from case 1 we get the following final arrangements:

Malapropism: The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing or nonsensical results.

1. Anachronism: Something or someone placed in the wrong time period, out of its proper chronological order.
2. Ellipsis: The omission of one or more words from a sentence, where the omitted words are understood from the context.
3. Jinjanthropism: Attributing human characteristics or behavior to apes or other non-human primates.
4. Catechism: A summary of religious principles, often in the form of questions and answers, used for instruction in religious doctrine.

Hence according to meanings, Option A is correct.

The Indian arm wrestlers won 11 medals at the 44th World Armwrestling Championship and 25th Para Armwrestling Championship held in Almaty, Kazakhstan from August 24 to September 3, 2023. The team won three gold, six silver and two bronze medals.

The following factors have stimulated the globalisation process.

1.Improvement in transportation: In the last fifty years, there have been a lot of improvements in transportation technology. This has made faster delivery of goods across long distances possible, at lower costs.
2.Development in information and communication technology: Technology in the areas of telecommunication and computers has been advancing rapidly.
3.Telecommunication: Telecommunication facilities like telephone, telegraph, mobiles, fax are used to connect people in the world. This has been made possible due to satellite communication devices.
4.Internet: Internet also allows us to send instant electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice mail) across the world at negligible cost. Even the payment of money from one bank to another can be made through e-banking.

Statement 1 is incorrect because the Harappan Civilization was first discovered at the site of Harappa, not Mohenjo-Daro. Statement 2 is correct, The southernmost site of the Indus Valley Civilisation is Daimabad in Maharashtra.  Statement 3 is incorrect because Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were connected by the Indus River, not the Ganges.

Uttar Pradesh has emerged as the top recipient among states, securing ₹22,857.9 crore (14% of the total release) out of the ₹1,67,518.6-crore special assistance (loan) allocated by the Centre under the Scheme for Special Assistance to States for capital expenditure/investment in the last four years.

Why Banks use deposits to extend loans:

• Profit Generation: Banks earn interest income by lending out deposits to borrowers at higher interest rates than what they pay depositors.


• Meeting Financial Needs: Extending loans allows banks to meet the financial needs of individuals, businesses, and other entities in the form of personal loans, business loans, mortgages, etc.


• Economic Growth: By providing loans, banks contribute to economic growth by facilitating investments, consumption, and overall economic activity.


• Risk Management: Banks carefully assess the creditworthiness of borrowers before extending loans to manage the risk of defaults and ensure the safety of depositors' funds.


• Regulatory Requirements: Banks are required by regulatory authorities to maintain a certain level of reserves but can use the majority of deposits to extend loans to promote economic growth.

Conclusion:

• Banks play a crucial role in the economy by utilizing deposits to extend loans, which helps in generating profits, meeting financial needs, promoting economic growth, managing risks, and complying with regulatory requirements.

The Indian Historical Records Commission (IHRC), operating under the Union Ministry of Culture, has adopted a new logo and motto. It is an apex advisory body on archival matters. It was established in the year 1919.

After the Indian Independence, when the Constitution of India came into force on 26th January, 1950, the right to property was included as a ‘fundamental right’ under Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31 in Part III, making it an enforceable right.However, during the first decade of independence era, it was felt that the right to property as a fundamental right was a great impediment in ushering a just socio-economic order .In order to get rid of this hurdle, the Supreme Court in the historic case known Fundamental Rights Case held that the right to property is no part of the basic structure of the constitution.

B is the correct option.Ushas is the most exalted goddess in the Rig Veda, but not as important or central as the three male Vedic deities Agni, Soma and Indra. She is on par with other major male Vedic deities.

An Se-young of South Korea won the gold medal in the women's singles event at the 2023 World Badminton Championships, defeating Carolina Marín of Spain in the final, 21-12, 21-10. An Se-young, aged 21, became the first woman from South Korea to win the world singles title. She had a dominant tournament, winning all of her matches in straight games, including victories over Olympic champion Chen Yufei and two-time world champion Akane Yamaguchi.

• The Swadhyay Parivar is a devotional movement based in Maharashtra, India. It claims to have over 50,000 Kendra locations and 60,00,000 followers in India, Portugal, USA, UK, Canada, and the Middle East who carry out various self-development activities, self-learning, devotional activities and social awareness activities around the world.

• Swadhyaya means the study of self for a spiritual quest.

• Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920-2003) was the originator of this movement that promotes a particular interpretation and reading of the Vedic scriptures like Bhagavad Gita, Vedas and the Upanishads.

Chakali ailamma was a revolutionary leader during Telangana Rebellion. She fought against the atrocities of feudal lord, Zamindar Ramachandra Reddy, known as Visnoor Deshmukh, to save her four acres of land. Chityala Ailamma was born at Krishnapuram village in Rayaparthi Mandal Warangal district of Telangana State. She joined Andhra Maha Sabha and Communist party.
The regular army was called paga, while the loose auxiliaries called silahdars were supervised by havaldars who received fixed salaries. The forts were carefully supervised, Mavali foot soldiers and gunners being appointed there.
Thalkari or Mirasdars: Thalkari or Mirasdar paid land revenue, but were not officials and formed a large part of the village community, and were hereditary owners of the land.
 

What is meant by the term 'constituency'?
A constituency refers to a specific area or region from where voters elect a representative to the Lok Sabha or Vidhan Sabha. It is an essential concept in the democratic electoral system. Here are the key points to understand about constituencies:
1. Definition: A constituency is a geographically defined area that represents a specific group of voters who have the right to elect a representative to a legislative body.
2. Representation: Constituencies ensure that every region or area is represented in the legislative body. Each constituency has its own representative who acts as a voice for the concerns and interests of the people in that particular area.
3. Electoral Process: During elections, voters from a constituency cast their votes to elect a candidate who will represent their interests and concerns. The candidate who receives the highest number of votes becomes the elected representative for that constituency.
4. Delimitation: Constituencies are often delimited or redrawn periodically to ensure fair representation based on population changes. This process is carried out by an independent authority to maintain equal representation among constituencies.
5. Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha: In India, constituencies are primarily associated with the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament) and Vidhan Sabha (the state legislative assembly). Each state is divided into different constituencies, and voters from each constituency elect their representatives to these bodies.
In conclusion, a constituency is a specific area from where voters elect their representatives to the Lok Sabha or Vidhan Sabha. It ensures fair representation and gives people the opportunity to choose their leaders based on their concerns and interests.

Objectives of Early Childhood Education: The aim of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is to facilitate the optimum development of the child’s full potential and lay the foundation for all-round development and lifelong learning.

Key Points 
This aim is to be achieved by enabling the child to:

• Develop a positive self-concept.
• Establish a sound foundation for a good physique, adequate muscular coordination, and basic motor skills.
• Imbibe good health habits and basic life skills/ self-help skills necessary for personal social adjustment.
• Enhance verbal and non-verbal communication skills which would facilitate the expression of thoughts and feelings in fluent, correct, clear speech.
• Develop the five senses and cognitive skills and concepts which are the foundation for higher-order thinking and reasoning.
• Develop emotional maturity by guiding the child to express, understand, accept and control feelings and emotions.
• Develop independence, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity by providing a child with sufficient opportunities for self-expression and active exploration, investigation, and experimentation.
• Make a smooth transition from preschool to primary through the development of emergent literacy and school readiness. 

Hence, we conclude that early childhood education involves all sorts of development.

Inclusive Education means meeting individual differences in the general classroom as It refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.

Key Points According to the concept of inclusive education, diverse learners should provide learning by the teachers by following these ways:

• Teachers should respect their diverse nature, their culture, and their tradition.
• A teacher should encourage diverse learners and promotes unity in diversity in the classroom.
• Teachers should provide ample opportunities to all the students including diverse learners so that they can learn the concepts.
• A teacher should have to use various teacher learning strategies as per the needs of the individuals.
• Teachers should provide the task as per the ability of the diverse learners.

Thus by all these references, we can conclude that understand that all children have the potential to learn and design activities to help them progress at their own pace. 

Important Points Basic Principles of Inclusive Education:

• Well constructed educational plan.
• Use of multilingualism as a resource.
• Equity and equal opportunities for all.
• Use of specific pedagogical strategies.
• Sensitization towards individual differences.

Socialization is the process through which community transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable. Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.

It is an act which ensures the:

• transmission of manners and culture.
• adaptation of social norms and values.
• internalization of attitudes and customs of society.

All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization and secondary socialization. This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Important Points

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization:

Hence, it could be concluded that family plays a primary role in the socialization of the child.

Assignments are teacher-assigned tasks that students are expected to complete during or after school hours and enable to assess students’ understanding. It is essential to keep in mind that class-appropriate assignments may be chosen for your students.

Key Points

• Feedback is the information given to the learner of his performance. This feedback should be used by the teacher to revise and develop further instruction.
• Giving feedback on learning errors and getting the student to correct them and identify strategies to improve future work is directly linked to significant improvement in achievement rates.

The most appropriate form of feedback while assessing home assignment:-

• Use accurate, descriptive statements instead of marks with a will to help students develop independent learning habits.
• Use specific comments given in written form as students will understand better where they are lacking.
• Include statements of strengths and weaknesses of a student and guide on how to improve.
• Provide one or two learning goals or targets that can be achieved by the students as the next steps.

Thus, it is concluded that Specific comments given in the written form is the most appropriate form of feedback while assessing home assignment.

Hint

• Corrections marking the mistakes with red crosses make them feel scared as by looking at the red marks they will feel that they have done a lot of mistakes.
• Only through verbal discussion is the short-term feedback, as they can correct mistakes after written feedback.

NCF 2005 in the teaching-learning process has mainly proposed a pedagogical shift from behaviorism to constructivism.

Key Points 

Important Suggestions were given by NCF 2005:

• The conceptualization of the active learner in the teaching-learning context.
• Acquisition of knowledge by the learners is replaced with the approach of construction of knowledge by the learners themselves.
• NCF remarks that knowledge construction is an evolving process and learners constantly develop knowledge by actively participating and utilizing his/her previous experiences.
• Construction of knowledge to be the major focus of teaching. Learners should be viewed as agents of their own learning.

Hence, it could be concluded that the main approach suggested by NCF-2005 in the teaching-learning process is Constructivism.

Additional Information

• The teacher should act as an autonomous facilitator.
• Evaluation should be used as a tool for enhancing continuous and comprehensive learning.

This table will help you to consolidate the major difference between behaviorism, cognitivism, connectionism, and constructivism. 

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY:

• NEP 2020 is the third education system in the history of independent India after the policy of 1968 and the second policy of 1986.

• It is an ambitious and futuristic policy that ensures opportunities for children to hone their talents by fixing the lacunae in the education system.
• The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system

Key Points

• ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education) ideally consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning, comprising of alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colors, shapes, etc.
• The overall aim of ECCE will be to attain optimal outcomes in the domains of physical and motor development, cognitive development, and the development of communication and early language, literacy, and numeracy.

Steps to prepare an initial cadre of high-quality ECCE teachers in Anganwadi:

• Current Anganwadi workers/teachers will be trained through a systematic effort in accordance with the curricular/pedagogical framework developed by NCERT.
• Anganwadi workers/teachers with qualifications of 10+2 and above shall be given a 6-month certificate program in ECCE
• Teachers with lower educational qualifications shall be given a one-year diploma program covering early literacy, numeracy, and other relevant aspects of ECCE.
• The ECCE training of Anganwadi workers/teachers will be mentored by the Cluster Resource Centres of the School Education Department which shall hold at least one monthly contact class for continuous assessment.
• In the longer term, State Governments shall prepare cadres of professionally qualified educators for early childhood care and education, through stage-specific professional training, mentoring mechanisms, and career mapping.
• Necessary facilities will also be created for the initial professional preparation of these educators and their Continuous Professional Development (CPD).

Hence, it could b concluded that teachers with higher educational qualifications shall be given a one-year diploma program covering important aspects of ECCE is not true regarding training of high Quality ECCE teachers in Anganwadi.

Key Points 
Curriculum design

• Curriculum design focuses on the creation of the overall course blueprint, mapping content to learning objectives, including how to develop a course outline and build the course.
• Each learning objective is met with assessment strategies, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, and interactive activities.
• Curriculum design is a term used to describe the purposeful, deliberate, and systematic organization of curriculum (instructional blocks) within a class or course.

Curriculum change:

• Curriculum change is a learning process for teachers and for their schools.
• A good understanding of change and a clear conception of the curriculum are necessary conditions for improved implementation of the new curriculum into practice.

Curriculum evaluation:

• Curriculum evaluation is an essential phase of curriculum development.
• Through evaluation, a faculty discovers whether a curriculum is fulfilling its purpose and whether students are actually learning.
• The term ‘curriculum evaluation’ has historically been used to refer to the evaluation of curriculum products and to the evaluation of curriculum programs within specific field contexts.

Curriculum criticism:

• Curriculum criticism is a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of. educational materials and settings. 
• Criticism combines and adapts information collection and reporting techniques of social anthropology and aesthetics. 
• Criticism in order to help others perceive and understand educational phenomena more fully.

Conclusion:

Curriculum designs provide clear relationships between and among the different elements of the curriculum: objectives, contents, activities, and evaluation.

• Change is the law of nature. With time changes should be made in the curriculum for better teaching strategy and better learning processes.
• Evaluation is an essential part of curriculum development as it helps to find out whether the real purpose is fulfilled or not. While critiques help to find the educational purpose more elaborately.

So, it could be concluded that curriculum design can be viewed as an arrangement of materials prepared in advance and intended for instruction. Hence, option (2) is correct.