Bihar B.Ed CET Mock Test - 10 - Bihar PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The sentence "We must respect the elders" in the Active Voice can be transformed into the Passive Voice as:

A. The elders must be respected.

This option accurately conveys the original meaning of the sentence in the Passive Voice.

• Lump sum: a single payment made at a particular time, as opposed to a number of smaller payments or installments.
• Strong: having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks.
• Little: small in size, amount, or degree.
• Huge: extremely large; enormous.
• Massive: exceptionally large.

So, the synonym of Massive is Huge.

Pediatrician: A doctor who treats children

The correct order will be:
Then → it struck me (P)→ how eminently (S)→ suitable it was(R) → of course.(Q)

Straw in the wind: something believed to be a sign or warning of a future event.
Shot in the arm: something that has a sudden and positive effect on something, providing encouragement and new activity.
Stroke of luck: a fortunate occurrence that could not have been predicted or expected.
Plain sailing: smooth and easy progress in a process or activity.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

The author says that government has launched a number of schemes. But no solid step taken.

'देखा गया हो' - क्रिया के संभाव्य वर्तमान पक्ष का उदाहरण है।

विकल्प 4 "खेलते" सही है।

Key Points

• 'वे खेलते थे।' यह भूतकाल के आधार पर सही वाक्य है।
• अन्य विकल्प यहां उपयुक्त प्रतीत नहीं होते।

Additional Information

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से कार्य करने या होने के समय का ज्ञान होता है उसे 'काल' कहते है।
• काल के तीन भेद होते है-
  • वर्तमान काल (present Tense) - जो समय चल रहा है।
  • भूतकाल(Past Tense) - जो समय बीत चुका है।
  • भविष्यत काल (Future Tense)- जो समय आने वाला है।
• भूतकाल का अर्थ :- बीता हुआ। क्रिया के जिस रूप से बीते हुये समय का पता चले उसे भूतकाल कहते हैं भूतकाल के वाक्यों के अंत में था, थे, थी, जैसे शब्द आते हैं, इन्हीं शब्दों से भूतकाल की पहचान होती हैं।
• जैसे-
  • मैं खाना खा रहा था।
  • मैं सो रहा था।
• भूतकाल के मुख्यतः सात प्रकार होते हैं।
  • सामान्य भूतकाल
  • आसन्न भूतकाल
  • पूर्ण भूतकाल
  • अपूर्ण भूतकाल
  • संदिग्ध भूतकाल
  • हेतुहेतुमद् भूतकाल
  • समयकालीन भूतकाल

'सावधानी बरतते तो दुर्घटना न होती।' वाक्य हेतु-हेतुमद् भूतकाल का उदाहरण है। अत: सही विकल्प 4 सावधानी बरतते तो दुर्घटना न होती। होगा है। अन्य विकल्प अनुचित उत्तर है।

सरकारी शब्द के निर्माण में उपसर्ग का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है।
'सरकार + ई = सरकारी' इसमें किसी उपसर्ग का प्रयोग नही हुआ है।Key Points

• उपसर्ग - वे शब्द जो किसी अन्य शब्द के प्रारंभ में लगकर उसका अर्थ बदल देते है।
• उदाहरण - हम + दर्दी, खुश + बू, बद + नाम , अध् + खिला आदि।

Additional Information

Mistake Points

• खुशबू शब्द उर्दू उपसर्ग से निर्मित है

From the common explanation, we can say that there are at least 16 boys sitting in the row.
Hence, Option B is correct.
Final Arrangement:

Common Explanation:
References:
Only two boys sit to the left of J.
Eight boys sit between R and J.
Only three boys sit between R and M.
Inferences:
From the above references, we get two different cases:

References:
P sits fourth to the right of R.
O sits third to the left of M.
Inferences:
So, from this case 2 will be eliminated as P sits fourth to the right of R.

References:
Only three boys sit between O and H.
T sits third to the right of M.
V sits fourth to the right of O.
More than 12 boys sit between P and H.
More than seven boys sit between P and J.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the final arrangement:

Second is the process of gradual disappearances of the first.

As the young one of a 'cat' is 'kitten' in the same way the young one of 'woman' is 'baby'.

During the eighteenth century, the Mughal army lacked discipline and fighting morale. Lack of finance made it difficult to maintain a large army. Its soldiers and officers were not paid for months, and, since they were mere mercenaries, they were constantly disaffected and often verged on a mutiny.

• The Mauryan Empire did have a highly structured bureaucracy with significant payment disparities among various ranks. However, the texts do not directly attribute the fall of the empire to corruption or inefficiency caused by these disparities.
• While Statement II proposes a potential consequence of payment disparities, there's no explicit historical evidence linking this directly to administrative inefficiency or as a primary cause of the empire's decline. Hence, Statement II does not serve as a direct explanation for Statement I.

• Kalibangan - The lower town was fortified
• Harappa - The only place which yields the evidence of coffin burial
• Chanhudaro - Bead maker’s shop was unearthed
• Mohenjdaro - Associated with the discovery of a bearded men carved in steatite and a bronze dancing girl
• Surkotada - The Skeleton of a horse was discovered

Explanation of Assertion (A):
The share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is declining in India. This can be attributed to several reasons, including:
1. Non-irrigated land.
2. Increasing debts
3. Seasonal employment
Explanation of Reason (R):
The problems of non-irrigated land, increasing debts, and seasonal employment are contributing factors to the declining share of agriculture in India's GDP. These problems directly impact the productivity and profitability of the agricultural sector, making it less attractive for investment and leading to a shift towards other sectors of the economy.

The growth and development of human beings are influenced by a variety of factors categorized broadly as internal and external.

Key Points

Internal Factors: All those factors which lie within the individual are called internal factors. These factors include heredity, biological or constitutional factors, intelligence, emotional factors, and social nature.

• Biological and constitutional factors: These factors include genetic factors and hormonal factors. All these parts are essential for one's development into an adult human being. A child’s constitutional or physical make-up, somatic structure, physique, and body chemistry influence his/her growth and development throughout his/her life.
• Heredity factors: the heredity factors play their part at the time of conception in the mother’s womb. What is transferred to the offspring from its immediate parents in the form of genes and chromosomes at this time constitutes the hereditary contribution. This contribution is the real starting point and basis for all the growth and development that take place later in the life of the child.
• Intelligence: Intelligence- the ability to learn, adjust and take the right decision at right time- has a significant role in the overall growth and development of the child. It affects his/her social behaviour, moral judgment and emotional growth.
• Emotional factors: Emotional factors, e.g. emotional adjustability and maturity, play a big role in influencing a person’s overall growth and development. If a person cannot exercise reasonable control over his/her emotions, he/she is sure to suffer in terms of his/her growth and development.
• Social nature: A person’s socialization helps him/her in achieving adjustment and advancement in other aspects of his growth and development. He/she may learn from his/her environment, more by means of his/her social nature, which may prove to be a boon to him/her for his/her proper growth and development.

Hence, all are internal factor(s) on the growth and development of children.

Development refers to an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs. A child develops in an orderly sequence which is almost similar in all children.

• The rate and speed of development may vary in individual cases but the sequence of development patterns is almost the same in all children. Thus human development is based on certain principles.

Key Points

Child development takes place in two directions, one is from the head-to-foot direction and the second is from near to distant  (center of the body to the peripheral).

Sequential pattern of development can be seen in two directions:

• Cephalo-caudal sequence: It means that development spreads over the body from head to foot, i.e. individual begins to grow from the head region downwards.
• For example, The child first gains control on her head, then she could catch hold of objects, sit, crawl, and later she could stand and walk.
• Proximodistal sequence: It means that the development proceeds from the central part of the body towards the peripheries. In this sequence, the spinal cord of the individual develops first, and then outward development takes place.
• For example, babies cut their front teeth before they cut their side ones. Functionally, the child could use her arms before her hands and use her hands before she could control the movement of her fingers.

Thus, it is concluded that the Cephalo-caudal principle states that development proceeds directionally from head to foot.

Educational drama is defined as “drama in which there is no external audience, no prepared script, and in which the teacher frequently takes on roles with students” (Wihelm & Edmiston, 1998, p.4).

Key Points

• Metaxis is a pedagogical approach used in character formation where the student is encouraged to perform a character while simultaneously retaining a sense of themselves: in essence, maintaining their own identity while playing another.
• Researchers in drama education have claimed that metaxis grows and deepens empathic engagement in learning in this art form.
• For example, a student playing the role of a scientist is metaaxically engaging in the character of scientist but simultaneously reflecting on that process as a student.
•  character of scientist but simultaneously reflecting on that process as a student. This is a kind of reflection-in-action in which the student draws from their own dramatic skills while reflecting on the identities of other characters.
• Through metaxis, identity becomes critical as an exploration of the ‘other’, including other characters and other student identities within the class. 

Hence, we can conclude that metaxis is a pedagogical approach used in character formation where the student is encouraged to perform a character while simultaneously retaining a sense of themselves: in essence, maintaining their own identity while playing another.

Oral guidance is a process of instructing or supporting the students in the learning process through auditory instruction. Oral guidance is effective while explaining the concepts learned in the classroom and before performing physical experiments. 

Key Points

Use of oral guidance:

Teaching concepts:

• Concepts can be effectively explained through oral guidance as explaining a concept is basically to provide an insight into the working process of any phenomenon.
• For example, An automobile engineer can orally explain the working process of a car's engine, and the listener will also be able to understand the concept. 

Teaching facts:

• Facts are kinds of information that are known to be universally true which have been established and proven through the data. Facts can also be effectively explained through oral guidance.
• For example, A Teacher can orally explain the list of 10 most populated countries in the world based on the census data which is a proven fact. 

Teaching skills:

• Skills, however, cannot be effectively explained through this technique as it requires the learner to physically practice the skills to improve and achieve perfection.
• For example, In Cricket, a coach can verbally instruct the bowler to swing his arm in a particular action to pitch a full-length delivery but the bowler trying to learn has to practice the skills in order to achieve the desired results.

Hence, it could be concluded that Oral guidance is less effective in Teaching skills.

Socialization is the process by which children are transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into social and cultural animals.

• We learn the language of the culture we are born into as well as the roles we are to play in life.
• Socialization is a process of acquiring values, beliefs, and expectations.

Important Points

• Socialization is a process of internalizing the norms, culture, values and customs of the society to be socially acceptable.
• Secondary socialization is a type of socialization which refers to the growing child who learns very important lesson in social conduct from his peers.
• Peer groups are the agents of 'Secondary Socialization' which takes place throughout one's life.
• It helps children to learn appropriate social attitudes such as how to like and enjoy social life and group activities.

Note: Refer to the table to be familiar with types of socialization:

Hence, secondary socialisation refers to the growing child who learns very important lesson in social conduct from his peers.

Piaget’s theory tells us that the child is born with a mental/cognitive structure that develops and attains maximum growth around the age of 14 or 15 years.

Key Points

• Piaget’s theory provides a comprehensive picture of cognitive development from birth to the age of 14 or 15 when cognitive development attains its peak.
• Piaget conceives cognitive development as consisting of a series of stages, each characterized by certain kinds of behaviors, and certain ways of thinking and solving problems.
• All the age-specific stages have been grouped under four broad stages:

Hence, we can conclude that Jean Piaget's theory of child development is based on Cognitive development.

Work Education is a type of education that includes manual labor as a means of imparting knowledge and skills to students.

• In India, the concept of work education was introduced in the education system after independence.

Key Points

• The National Policy on Education was first formulated in 1968 and revised in 1986 and 1992. The policy aims to provide quality education to all sections of society and improve the educational system in India.
• National Policy on Education conceived work education as purposive and meaningful manual work that results in goods or services which are useful to society.
• Work education is an integral part of the policy as it is believed that it helps in the overall development of the students.
• The policy states that work education should be introduced at the secondary stage of education and should be made compulsory for all students.
• The aim of work education is not just to impart knowledge and skills but also to develop a sense of responsibility, self-reliance, and self-confidence among students.
• It is believed that work education helps in the holistic development of students and prepares them for the challenges of the real world.

Hence, National Policy on Education conceived work education as purposive and meaningful manual work that results in goods or services which are useful to society.

Additional Information

• The Bhore Committee was a health survey and development committee established by the Government of India in 1943. 
• The Kothari Commission, also known as the Education Commission, was established by the Government of India in 1964 to evaluate the state of education in the country and make recommendations for its improvement. 
• The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 was formulated by NCERT to provide guidelines for school education in India.

School is an agency for formal education that has its own structure and organization. It is governed by rules and regulations prescribed by the state. 

Key Points

• A child's thought gets acknowledged at school because it is a place, that puts students in the center.
• School paves the way for students to explore their knowledge and have a conceptual understanding of things.
• The school provides opportunities to develop social development among students through various learning activities.
• Teachers are responsible in organizing discussions, learning expeditions, and presentations in class, to develop a sense of socialization among the students, so they can discuss their feeling and opinions in the classroom.

Hence, we can conclude that Kritika who does not talk much at home talks a lot at school. It shows that her thoughts get acknowledged at school.

The classroom environment is one of the important factors which is responsible for meaningful learning and also learning for mastery. The classroom environment decides the interest and curiosity of the student towards learning and concept. 

Key Points  
The classroom environment should be:

• focusing on high student engagement and involvement.
• cooperative and collaborative.
• The learners also know that they are valued as individual if the environment of the classroom is positive.
• providing enough freedom for the students to explore and learn.
• The value is given to all individuals as per their needs not as per their appearances, personalities, and achievements.
• giving more importance to the whole process than only to the product.
• facilitating and free.

Thus by all these references, we can consider that if the classroom climate is positive then the value to all the learners is given on an individual basis.

Additional Information 
Characteristics of the effective classroom:

• Student Engagement:
  • A well-managed classroom will keep the students engaged at all times in the learning process.
  • Students are involved in the learning process, which helps foster higher-level thinking skills in students.
  • Teaching creatively, i.e interesting lessons, and activities can be a major factor in student engagement.
• Clear Expectations: 
  • Expectations such as class objectives are clear in a well-managed classroom.
  • Students know the material they will be tested on, as well as the teacher's expectations for the various assignments they will be graded on.
  • A good way to ensure that students are clear on what the class objectives are is to write the daily tasks on the board at the beginning of each lesson, as well as write any exam dates in a place that students can see regularly.
• Effective Time Management:
  • The students know which areas in the classroom are accessible to them, as well as where items are placed in the classroom.
• Positive Environment:
  • A positive classroom environment is one of the main characteristics of a well-managed classroom.
  • Students are comfortable asking the teacher questions, and a lively student-teacher interaction is found.
  • The classroom environment is also stress-free to ensure a good workflow and positive environment. 
  • Collaborative and cooperative environments encourage students' mixed abilities.
• Firm Discipline:
  • Students have clear and firm guidelines on which behaviors are allowed in the classroom to remain disciplined and encourage an efficient workflow.
  • Students should also be given positive reinforcement and praise for appropriate behavior and good work to help encourage them and others in the classroom

The RTE act 2009  lays emphasis on free and compulsory elementary education for all aged 6 to 14 years and mandates on the part of the government and the concerned authorities to provide basic amenities in the schools for the successful completion of elementary education.

Key Points

• Since water is a basic human need, RTE talks about the availability of clean and safe drinking water on the school premises so that no child can drop out of school due to its unavailability.
• There is a provision for safe drinking water.
• The stored water must be covered to prevent it from getting contaminated.
• Availability of adequate drinking water must be there according to the school's strength.

Hence, I, II, and III are true. Option 3 is the correct solution.