Test: Ionic Bond and properties - JEE MCQ

k and so 4 has ionic bond and SO₄(2⁻) has covalent bonds hence both types of bonds are present.

Bond order


Three unit negative charge is being shared by four atoms. Formal charge

Lattice energy
In NaCl the product of charges = 1 × 1; In CaO product of charges = 2 × 2 = 4 while the inter ionic distance is almost same in both. Thus lattice energy of CaO is almost four times the lattice energy of NaCl.

KCN molecule contains both ionic and covalent bonds, as follows


covalent bond

In the atomic dipole (orbital dipole due to lone pair) and bond dipole are in the same direction whereas in these are in opposite direction so in the former case they are added up whereas in the latter case net result is reduction of dipole moment. It has been shown in the following figure :

As dipole moment electric charge bond length
D. M. of AB molecule

D.M. of CD molecule

Now % ionic character
then ionic character in
ionic character in

Given,
observed dipole moment = 1.03D
Bond length of HCl molecule, d = 1.275Ã…
= 1.275 × 10⁻⁸ cm
Charge of electron, e− = 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ esu
Percentage ionic character = ?
Theoretical value of dipole moment = e × d

Percentage ionic character

According to Fajan's rules smaller, highly charged cation has greatest covalent character while large cation with smaller charge has greatest ionic character.