A wall built across a river to increase the height of the water up river

A structure built at right angles to the flow to build up sediment to protect a beach or wall

A ridge of sediment deposited alongside a river, or a manmade embankment to stop the river overflowing

The build-up of sediment in the middle of a river raising the river bed and causing the river to flood

As a river moves from the mountains towards the sea its valley shape changes. How might you describe those changes?

The steep sided valley with a narrow channel becomes a wider valley and channel as the river moves towards the sea

The wide channel and the shallow valley become narrower and steeper as the river moves towards the sea

The river gains extra energy as it moves towards the sea and it cuts into the valley making it steeper

The river in the upper section cuts back the valley sides to form a wide u-shaped valley. As the river moves towards the sea the valley narrows but the channel widens

Which of these areas is the most suitable for dams and reservoirs?

A very shallow and wide valley with soft geology on either side

A wide and shallow valley with settlements and structures built inside

A steep valley with hard geology on either side

Which of the following is the typical order of features in a river, from its start to discharging into the sea?

Source, waterfall, meanders, rapids, estuary

Source, waterfall, rapids, meanders, estuary

Waterfall, estuary, meanders, rapids, source

Source, estuary, waterfalls, meanders, rapids

Waterfalls are defined as water cascading from a height. But how do these river features often form?

Waterfalls form when rocks start to swirl round in the current and drill down through the hard layers of rock

Waterfalls form when rivers pick up velocity and need to distribute excess energy

Waterfalls only form when rock splits due to mountain forming processes

Waterfalls form when water flows over different bands of rock, eroding the soft rock and undercutting the hard rock

What sort of features would you find in the upper course of a river?

Rapids, wide shallow river, and high energy meanders

V-shaped valley, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls

Deep incised valleys and U shaped profiles

Depositional structures, steep sided valleys, and sharp angular rocks

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