Grassroots Democracy - Governance - 2 Class 6 SST Free MCQ Test with solutions

The Judiciary in a government system is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring their fair application. Its main functions include:

• Resolving disputes related to the law.
• Deciding the meaning of laws in various situations.
• Determining appropriate punishments for lawbreakers.
• Ensuring that laws enacted by the legislature are just and do not infringe on citizens' rights.

This branch plays a crucial role in maintaining justice within society.

Topic in NCERT: Three Organs of Government

Line in NCERT: "The judiciary is the system of courts which decides whether someone has broken the law and, if so, what course of action should be taken, including punishment if necessary."

Cybercrime refers to illegal activities that involve the use of digital technology, such as the internet or computers. It encompasses various crimes, including:

• Hacking - unauthorized access to systems.
• Identity theft - stealing personal information.
• Online fraud - deceiving individuals for financial gain.
• Spreading malware - distributing harmful software.

Cybercriminals exploit these technologies to steal money or data and to cause harm to individuals and organisations without needing to be physically present.

Topic in NCERT: Three Organs of Government

Line in NCERT: "This has led many governments to pass new laws in order to fight such criminal activities (called 'cybercrime')."

The Legislature is responsible for making rules and laws in a country. This is carried out by elected representatives who:

• Discuss proposed laws
• Create new legislation
• Pass laws to govern society

In India, the legislature consists of two houses:

• Lok Sabha (House of the People)
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

These bodies make key decisions regarding:

• New laws
• Changes to existing laws

Topic in NCERT: Three Organs of Government

Line in NCERT: "The legislature is the organ that makes new laws (or 'legislates'). Sometimes it also updates or removes existing laws."

Checks and balances is a governance system where each branch of government—Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary—can limit the powers of the others. This framework ensures that:

• No single branch becomes too powerful.
• All branches collaborate effectively.
• Power abuses are prevented.
• Fairness and accountability are upheld.

Topic in NCERT: LET’S EXPLORE

Line in NCERT: "In any good system of governance, these three organs must be kept separate, although they interact with each other and work together. This separation is called the 'separation of powers'. It is intended to provide a system of checks and balances. This means that each organ of the government can check what the other is doing and restore balance if one organ acts beyond its expected role."

In a representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. Key features include:

• Representatives participate in law-making and government functions.
• Citizens have a voice in governance without making every decision.
• Trust is placed in representatives to act in the public's best interest.

Topic in NCERT: Democracy

Line in NCERT: "Like any modern democracy, therefore, India is a representative democracy."

In Greek, dēmos means people. It is a component of the word democracy, derived from the Greek words dēmos (meaning people) and kratos (meaning rule or power). Therefore, democracy literally translates to rule of the people.

Topic in NCERT: Democracy

Line in NCERT: "The word 'democracy' comes from two Greek words dēmos meaning 'people', and kratos meaning 'rule' or 'power'; so 'democracy' literally means the 'rule of the people'."

The separation of powers is crucial in government because it prevents any single branch from gaining excessive power. This system consists of three branches: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Here are the key reasons for its importance:

• Each branch has specific responsibilities, which helps maintain a balance of power.
• Branches can check each other's actions, promoting fairness.
• It reduces the risk of power abuse by ensuring accountability.
• Encourages collaboration while maintaining independence.

Topic in NCERT: LET’S EXPLORE

Line in NCERT: "In any good system of governance, these three organs must be kept separate, although they interact with each other and work together. This separation is called the 'separation of powers'. It is intended to provide a system of checks and balances. This means that each organ of the government can check what the other is doing and restore balance if one organ acts beyond its expected role."

The local government plays a vital role in addressing issues that affect the community. Its responsibilities include:

• Maintaining parks and public spaces.
• Collecting waste and managing sanitation.
• Providing local healthcare services.
• Overseeing small-scale infrastructure projects.

It focuses on matters that directly impact local towns, villages, or neighbourhoods.

The example of direct democracy is:

• A community voting on a local issue.

In direct democracy, citizens vote directly on specific issues. This means they make decisions themselves instead of relying on elected representatives.

Topic in NCERT: Democracy

In India, the Legislature plays a crucial role in creating, discussing, and passing laws. It is made up of two houses:

• Lok Sabha (House of the People)
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

Members of these houses engage in discussions and debates on various issues. They propose new laws and make amendments to existing ones to meet the needs of society.

Topic in NCERT: Three Organs of Government

Line in NCERT: "The legislature is the organ that makes new laws (or 'legislates'). Sometimes it also updates or removes existing laws."