Test: Plant Kingdom and it's Classification - SSC CGL MCQ

The Phylogenetic System in plant classification differentiates itself by categorizing plants based on their evolutionary relationships. This method aims to group plants according to their shared ancestry and evolutionary history, providing insights into how different plant species are related in the grand tree of life.

Pteridophyta is the plant category that includes non-flowering, seedless plants with distinct roots, stems, and leaves that contain vascular tissues. These plants represent an evolutionary advancement over the simpler Thallophyta and exhibit characteristics that allow them to thrive in various environments.

M.O. Iyengar is regarded as the father of Indian phycology. His significant contributions and research in the field have helped shape the understanding of algae within the Indian context, paving the way for further studies and advancements in phycology.

Lithophytes are a type of algae that grow on rocks. These organisms have adapted to thrive in rocky environments, utilizing the substrate as a habitat for attachment and growth. This unique ecological niche showcases the diverse range of habitats where algae can flourish.

A plant body that is branched like higher plants is exemplified by species such as Sargassum and Chara. This branching structure is significant as it increases the surface area available for processes like photosynthesis and nutrient absorption in these plant forms.

A plant body that forms a colony with a fixed number of cells is known as a coenobium. An example of this is Volvox, where individual cells work together in a coordinated manner, showcasing a specialized form of organization within the plant kingdom.

Budding is a form of vegetative reproduction in algae where a new organism develops from a bud or outgrowth on the parent plant. This process allows for the formation of genetically identical individuals. Budding is commonly seen in various species of algae and is an essential mechanism for asexual reproduction in many organisms.

Akinete is a specialized type of spore with a thick cell wall that helps it survive harsh environmental conditions. Akinetes serve as a survival mechanism for certain algae species, allowing them to withstand unfavorable conditions until more favorable circumstances arise for germination and growth.

Isogamy refers to the fusion of similar gametes in sexual reproduction. This process is exemplified by organisms like Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra, where gametes with comparable morphology and physiology unite to form a zygote.

In Spirogyra, a filamentous green alga, the unique form of sexual reproduction known as conjugation occurs. During conjugation, two filaments align closely, and conjugation tubes form to facilitate the exchange of genetic material between the cells of the two filaments.

Gymnosperms reproduce through the formation of cones, which are groups of sporophylls. These cones play a crucial role in the reproductive process of gymnosperms by housing either male (microsporophylls) or female (megasporophylls) reproductive structures, ultimately leading to the development of seeds.

Rubber is not typically associated with the economic importance of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms are more known for their utilization in products like timbers, resins, and edible seeds due to their unique properties and uses in various industries.

Chlamydomonas exemplifies a Haplontic Life Cycle, which is dominated by a haploid gametophyte that produces gametes. This highlights a significant aspect of the life cycle of this organism, emphasizing the dominance of the haploid phase in its reproductive processes.

Angiosperms are a group of plants that typically exhibit a Diplontic Life Cycle, which is dominated by a diploid sporophyte generation. This life cycle characteristic is fundamental to the reproductive biology and development of angiosperms, reflecting their evolutionary adaptations.

Tracheophytes are characterized by the presence of vascular tissue, which helps in the transportation of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. This group includes Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and Pteridophytes, all of which exhibit a higher level of complexity compared to non-vascular plants.