Test: Morphology of Plants - SSC CGL MCQ

In biology, morphology primarily focuses on studying the form and structure of organisms. This involves examining the external features and physical characteristics of living organisms to understand how their anatomy influences their functions and adaptations.

Plants with a tap root system develop secondary and tertiary roots from the primary root, which originates from the radicle of the embryo. This primary root gives rise to additional roots, contributing to the tap root system's structure and function, aiding in anchorage and nutrient absorption.

Monocot plants are characterized by having roots that arise from the lower stem, forming a fibrous root system. Unlike dicot plants with a tap root system, monocots exhibit a network of roots that spread out horizontally from the base of the stem, providing stability and efficient absorption of water and nutrients.

Plants like Monstera, banyan trees, and certain grasses develop roots from parts other than the radicle, known as adventitious roots. These roots provide additional support and anchorage to the plant, enabling them to thrive in diverse environmental conditions.

Adventitious roots play a crucial role in providing additional support and anchorage to plants, especially in species where roots develop from parts other than the radicle. These roots help plants secure themselves in the soil, ensuring stability and enabling efficient nutrient uptake for optimal growth and survival.

Sub-aerial modifications refer to changes above ground that are not fully developed. Suckers in roses, runners in gram, stolons in mint, and offsets in water hyacinth are examples of such modifications. These adaptations help plants reproduce and spread by producing new plants at various distances from the parent plant.

Haustoria in parasitic plants establish a connection with the host's vascular system, enabling them to extract nutrients. This adaptation allows parasitic plants to obtain essential nutrients from the host plant, aiding their survival and growth.

The stem is the part of the plant that develops from the plumule of the embryo. It serves as the main axis of the plant, supporting leaves, flowers, and fruits. The stem also aids in the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

Leaves are flat structures attached to the stem at nodes. They play a crucial role in photosynthesis, aiding in the production of food for the plant. Leaves originate from the shoot apical meristem and are arranged in an acropetal order along the stem.

Reticulate venation displays a branched pattern of veins and veinlets in a leaf. This type of venation is common among dicot plants and facilitates efficient nutrient and water transport throughout the leaf.

A flower is essentially a modified stem. It arises from a floral axis and plays a crucial role in reproduction by producing seeds through the process of pollination and fertilization. This modification allows the plant to attract pollinators and ensure the continuation of its species.

Inflorescence can be categorized as racemose (where the main axis continues to grow) or cymose (where the main axis terminates in a flower). This classification is based on the growth pattern of the floral axis and influences the overall structure and arrangement of flowers on a plant.

A fruit develops from the ovary of a flower after fertilization. The ovary undergoes changes and ripens to form the fruit, which protects the seeds and aids in their dispersal. The development of the fruit is a crucial stage in the plant's reproductive cycle.

The pericarp is the primary component of a fruit and is formed from the ovary wall. It can be dry or fleshy and serves to protect the seeds within the fruit. The pericarp plays a vital role in seed dispersal and contributes to the reproductive success of the plant.

Dicotyledonous seeds have two cotyledons in their embryo, while monocotyledonous seeds have only one cotyledon. Cotyledons are essential for providing nutrients to the developing seedling after germination and play a crucial role in the early growth stages of the plant.