Test: Human Diseases - SSC CGL MCQ

Pathogens transmitted through the airborne route remain suspended in the air and are carried through droplet nuclei. This method of transmission allows pathogens to linger for extended periods, facilitating the spread of diseases like chickenpox, flu, tuberculosis, and meningitis. Droplet nuclei do not support pathogen growth but serve as carriers to infect individuals who come into contact with them.

Vehicle transmission occurs when inanimate objects such as utensils, towels, bedding, and food act as carriers for disease-causing bacteria. Pathogens like Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Salmonella can spread through contaminated food, leading to illnesses like food poisoning. Understanding how pathogens travel through vehicles helps in preventing the spread of diseases in various environments.

Vector-borne transmission involves living organisms, such as vertebrates or arthropods, acting as carriers for pathogens. For example, flies can transfer diseases like Shigella from feces to food. Understanding this mode of transmission is crucial in controlling diseases spread by vectors and implementing effective preventive measures to reduce the risk of infections.

The main types of Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) cardiovascular diseases, which include conditions like heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a significant health concern globally and are influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental elements. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise, balanced diet, and stress management can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Protozoan Diseases fall under the category of diseases caused by microbes. Protozoan diseases are caused by single-celled organisms called protozoa and can lead to various health issues in humans. One well-known example of a protozoan disease is malaria, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Prevention strategies for protozoan diseases often involve controlling the vectors that spread these illnesses and implementing public health measures.

Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. These diseases have complex causes that involve both genetic predispositions and external influences such as lifestyle choices and environmental exposures. Understanding these multifaceted factors is crucial for preventing and managing NCDs effectively.

These diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. They can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Understanding infectious diseases is crucial in healthcare as it helps in prevention, control, and treatment strategies.

The Endocrine System is not explicitly mentioned in the list of diseases provided. This system consists of glands that produce and secrete hormones, regulating various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. While diseases affecting the endocrine system are significant, they are not detailed in the given text focusing on different organ systems and their associated diseases.

Protozoan Diseases in the list are caused by parasites belonging to the protozoa group. These single-celled organisms can lead to a variety of illnesses in humans. Understanding the nature of protozoan diseases is crucial in healthcare as it helps in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies against these specific types of infections.

Down Syndrome is caused by an extra 21st chromosome, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes. This disorder is characterized by mental retardation, stunted growth, and distinctive physical features such as a short flat nose, crooked fingers, wide neck, and sparse hair.

Color Blindness is a genetic disorder where individuals cannot distinguish between red and green colors. This condition is more common in males as the gene responsible is located on the X chromosome.

Hemophilia is a hereditary blood disorder where blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding. This disorder is classified as a blood disease and is typically managed through treatments involving clotting factors or plasma.

Benign tumors are characterized by their non-spreading nature, meaning they do not metastasize to other parts of the body. This quality makes them generally easier to treat and less aggressive compared to malignant tumors.

Exposure to certain chemicals can elevate the risk of developing specific types of cancer, such as lung and skin cancer. Understanding these risks is crucial in preventing the onset of these diseases and promoting overall health.

Oncology primarily revolves around the study, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This field encompasses various aspects of cancer care, including understanding different cancer types, developing treatment strategies, and providing supportive care to individuals affected by this disease.