UGC NET Environmental Science Mock - 4 - UGC NET MCQ

 Hazards can be of various kinds namely- geological, climatic, environmental, biological and industrial/chemical and so on. Out of the given options, volcanic eruption is not correctly matched. Volcanic eruption is a kind of geological hazard, not chemical hazard. Chemical hazard would include oil spills, industrial disaster etc.

El Nino is a climate cycle in the pacific ocean that causes global changes of both temperatures and rainfall it is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial pacific, as opposed to la Nina, which is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperature in the equatorial pacific.

The book Great Derangement was written by Amitav Ghosh.

The book India’s Climate Change Identity: Between Reality and Perception was written by Aled Jones and Samir Saran.

The book Climate Solution was written by Mridula Ramesh.

The book Climate Change: An Indian Perspective was written by Sushil Kumar Dash.

The root structures of water hyacinth provide a suitable environment for aerobic bacteria to remove various impurities present in water.The primary purpose of this study is to make use of the water hyacinth plant for the purification of the industrial waste water and its treatment

Statement1. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) represents the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by the microorganism in a particular amount of water at 20 degree Celsius in five days.

Whereas Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the measure of oxygen equivalent to the requirement to oxidizing organic matter. Hence it is incorrect.

Statement 2 is correct. Kindly refer to statement 1 for this in explanation

Statement 3. COD is the most reliable of all the tests and not BOD.

Due to the length of time required to complete the BOD5 test (five days), BOD results provide historical data only and do not facilitate rapid water quality assessment for optimal process control. The highly variable chemical composition and strength of industrial wastewater requires a much more rapid method for measuring the organic concentration, hence the use of the two hour COD test

Statement 1 and 2 are correct.

Whereas in statement3, in case of NATIONAL PARKS, no rights are allowed.

In statement 4, in case of CONSERVATION RESERVES, rights of the people living inside it are not affected.

Both are not true. As:-

1). It is a joint conservation program of WWF and IUCN.

2). TRAFFIC believes in a world where wildlife trade maintains wildlife populations and contributes to sustainable human development but it is a non-governmental organization that undertakes its activities in close collaboration with governments and the CITES secretariat.

People population control measures do not necessarily help in checking environmental degradation as many environmental degradation problems are natural like floods, landslides, erosion etc; So, the relationship between population growth and environmental degradation is rather complex.

UNESCO

Hence, The correct answer is C.

The American Library Association (ALA) is the oldest and largest library association in the world.

Hence, The correct answer is A.

In the process of conducting research 'formulation of hypothesis' is followed by selection of research tools.

Hence, The correct answer is C.

Maximum rate of effluent application Q=  =40.8 t/m²/day
Sewage flow = 30,000 l/day
Area required for percolation = 

Hence, The correct answer is A.

They are always free of cost

Hence, The correct answer is D.

The mean of annual rainfall in India is 110 cm.

Hence option B is correct.

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale.

Hence option A is correct.

Solar energy is produced when solar power is converted to electric energy. Hydroelectricity is produced when tidal energy is converted into electrical energy. Both of these types of sources of energy does not emit carbon dioxide.

Hence option C is correct.

All food chains starts with photosynthesis and ends with decay.

A food chain starts with the primary energy source, usually the sun or boiling-hot deep sea vents. The next link in the chain is an organism, that make its own food from the primary energy source - an example is photosynthetic plants, that make their own food from sunlight (using photosynthesis) and chemosynthetic bacteria, that make their food energy from chemicals in hydrothermal vents. These are called as autotrophs or primary producers

Hence option C is correct.

At middle latitudes, the base of an altostratus or altocumulus cloud would generally be found between: 6,500 and 23,000 feet.

Hence option B is correct.

The Kyoto Protocol (COP 3) was adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. It entered into force on 16 February 2005 due to a complex ratification process. It sets binding emissions targets.

Hence option B is correct.

Photosynthesis removes CO₂ from the atmosphere and replaces it with O₂. Respiration takes O₂ from the atmosphere and replaces it with CO₂.

Hence option C is correct.

This Humid montane region covers the humid montane and moist sub-humid areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, and Manipur. Themeda – Arundinella type of grassland is found here.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Water vapour (H₂O) is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the earth's atmosphere.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

As DDT harms the environment it is a pollutant. It is used to kill the mosquitoes thus, it is a chemical insecticide and not antibiotic.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Both mammals and birds can regulate body temperature and have warm-blooded nature. They have lungs and hence use them for breathing. Both the groups have ossified endoskeletons (formation of bones by adding osteoblasts - osteogenesis, results into an ossified endoskeleton.)

But Birds lay eggs and show Ovipary whereas Mammals give birth to live young and show Vivipary (except Monotremes or egg-laying mammals)

Hence option D is the correct answer.

In-situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of Teagan species. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

Gaseous Cycles are those where the reservoir is the atmosphere or the hydrosphere. Sedimentary Cycle are those where the reservoir is the earth’s crust.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

In terms of potential biological effects, the non-ionizing portion of the spectrum can be subdivided into: The optical radiation portion, where electron excitation can occur (visible light, infrared light) The portion where the wavelength is smaller than the body. Heating via induced currents can occur.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere.

Hence. The correct answer is C.

Adored around the world, the distinctive black and white animal is a national treasure in China and has been the symbol of WWF since its formation in 1961. While its numbers are slowly increasing, the giant panda remains one of the rarest and most endangered bears in the world.

Hence. The correct answer is B.

Tidal power station at the mouth of the river blocks the flow of polluted water into the sea.

Hence. The correct answer is C.