Test: Research & Research Designs - UGC NET MCQ

- The Assertion (A) is true because qualitative research does aim to delve into understanding the 'why' and 'how' of human behavior.

- The Reason (R) is also true, as it accurately describes the nature of quantitative research.

- However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion; rather, it describes a different type of research. Thus, Option B is correct.

Statement 1 is correct because experimental research indeed focuses on manipulating independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. Statement 2 is incorrect as correlational research does not manipulate variables; instead, it examines the relationship between two variables without establishing causation. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: 1 Only.

The first step in designing a research study is to determine the research questions and objectives. This foundational step guides all subsequent decisions in the research process, including the choice of methodology, design, and data collection methods. Clearly defined research questions ensure that the study remains focused and relevant to the field of inquiry. An interesting fact is that well-formulated research questions can significantly impact the overall quality and credibility of the research findings, often guiding scholars toward innovative discoveries.

• The Assertion (A) is true because the clarity of research questions directly impacts the consistency of the results obtained during multiple trials, which is a fundamental aspect of reliability in research.
• The Reason (R) is also true, as validity indeed focuses on whether the research instruments accurately measure what they are intended to.
• However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion; while both are true statements about different aspects of research, the clarity of research questions is not determined by the appropriateness of the measuring tools.

A mixed methods research methodology integrates both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, allowing researchers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a research question. This combination enables the collection of rich, descriptive data through qualitative methods while also providing the ability to analyze numerical data through quantitative methods. An interesting fact is that using mixed methods can enhance the validity of research findings by triangulating data from multiple sources, which can lead to more robust and credible conclusions.

Both statements are correct. Statement 1 accurately describes qualitative research as focusing on subjective experiences and employing exploratory methods. Statement 2 correctly identifies quantitative research as being centered on statistical analysis and objective data. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Both 1 and 2.

The primary purpose of research design is to establish a framework for the research methods and techniques that will be used in a study. It acts as a blueprint that guides researchers in refining their methods to suit the specific subject area and to develop a coherent plan for conducting the research. A well-structured design helps ensure that the research objectives are met effectively and efficiently. An interesting fact about research design is that different types of designs, such as experimental or survey research, can lead to vastly different outcomes and interpretations of data, which highlights the importance of careful planning in research.

A precise purpose statement is crucial for minimizing bias in research design. This statement clearly outlines the objectives of the research, guiding the methodology and ensuring that the study remains focused. A well-defined purpose helps researchers avoid deviations that could introduce bias, leading to more reliable and valid results. Additionally, having a clear purpose can facilitate better communication of the study's intent to stakeholders and participants. It's important to note that while other options may contribute to research quality, a precise purpose statement is foundational in establishing a rigorous research design.

• The Assertion (A) is true because reliability is defined by the ability to replicate results.
• The Reason (R) is also true as lack of replicability often points to methodological flaws.
• However, while the Reason supports the idea of reliability, it does not directly explain why reliability itself ensures replicability. Therefore, the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

• The Assertion (A) is true because neutrality is crucial in research to ensure that findings are objective and reliable.
• The Reason (R) is also true as a biased design compromises the integrity of the research outcomes.
• Since the Reason provides a valid explanation for why neutrality is important, it supports the Assertion.