BPSC AE Civil Paper 3 (General Studies) Mock Test - 3 Free Online Test

Key Points

• JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group.
• JPEG is a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data.
• JPEG is a unique compression feature, that allows JPEG files to be used widely on the Internet, Computers, and Mobile Devices.

Additional Information

• Some important abbreviations used in Computer:
  • BIOS - Basic Input Output System
  • CAD - Computer-Aided Design
  • EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator
  • EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • FORTRAN - FORmula TRANslation
  • GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

Chief Anil Kumar Lahoti has been appointed as the chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).

Key Points

• Anil Kumar Lahoti, former Railway Board Chief, has been appointed as the Chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
• Former chief PD Vaghela vacated the post in November 2023 after his two-year tenure ended
• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved Lahoti's appointment as Chairman of TRAI for three years from the date of assuming charge, or until he attains the age of 65 years
• Lahoti will replace TRAI member Meenakshi Gupta, who held the additional charge of the top post temporarily.
• Anil Kumar Lahoti is a 1984-batch Indian Railway Service of Engineer (IRSE) officer and holds a degree in Civil Engineering from Madhya Pradesh’s Madhav Institute of Technology.

Key Points

• According to Article 343(1) of the Indian Constitution, Hindi in Devanagari script is the official language of the Union.
• According to Article 343(2), English must also be used in official Union activities for a period of 15 years starting on the day the constitution took effect, or up until January 25th, 1965.
• Again, Article 343(3) empowered the parliament to enact laws to support the survival of English even after January 25th, 1965.
• As a result, the Official Languages Act of 1963 was passed, which guaranteed that English would be used even until the specified date of 1965.
  • According to the Act, resolutions, regulations, general instructions, notices, press releases, administrative and other reports, licences, and bids are just a few examples of things that must be written in both English and Hindi.

Additional Information

• According to the Official Language Resolution of 1968, the government must implement a more extensive plan to hasten Hindi's adoption for official usage by the Union.
  • A yearly evaluation of the work made in this area is also required, according to the resolution, and it will be forwarded to all State governments as well as both Houses of Parliament.
  • The resolution states that steps should be taken to progress the 14 primary languages listed in the constitution's eighth schedule (at present there are 22 languages in this schedule).
  • The three-language system is encouraged to be used in the country by the resolution.
    • In accordance with this arrangement, comprehensive steps should be taken to support the study of Hindi, English, and any other modern Indian language (preferably from the southern states) in the Hindi-speaking regions, as well as Hindi, English, and the local language in the non-Hindi-speaking states.

Key Points

Sittwe Port:

• Recently, India has gained the rights to operate a second overseas port, Sittwe, in Myanmar. Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer.
• The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has approved a proposal for India Ports Global (IPGL) to take over the operations of the entire port located on the Kaladan River.
• IPGL is a company 100 per cent owned by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
• In the Indian Ocean, China and India are engaged in a struggle to expand their economic influence.
• Located in Myanmar’s Rakhine state, Sittwe Port is a deep-sea port on the Bay of Bengal, jointly inaugurated by India and Myanmar.
• Sittwe Port forms a crucial part of the Kaladan Multimodal Project.
• The port is expected to enhance trade connectivity and foster people-to-people relations between India, Myanmar, and the wider South Asian region.
• Constructed with the objective of creating an alternate connectivity route to North East India, the port was financed through a grant from India and forms part of the $484 million Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project (KMTTP).
• From Sittwe Port, the route extends to Paletwa in Myanmar through an inland waterway and from Paletwa to Zorinpui in Mizoram via a road component.

Key Points

• First-generation computers
  • The chief component of the first-generation computers was vacuum tubes and valves. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • The period of the first generation was between 1946 to 1959.
  • Vacuum tubes were used as the main component of memory in this generation of computers.
  • The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
  • The vacuum tube was developed by Lee De Forest.
  • A vacuum tube is a device generally used to amplify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space.
  • The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, was bulky, and was unreliable.
  • The second generation of computers, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic core memory.
  • The computers of the first-generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for the CPU (Central Processing Unit).

Additional Information

• A transistor
  • It is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
  • Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics.
  • It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
• An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit
  • It is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Large numbers of tiny MOSFETs integrate into a small chip.

Key Points

KB stands for kilobyte which is the smallest unit of storage among the given options.

Important Points

• A memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit.
• This storage capacity is expressed in terms of Bytes (a group of 8 bits is called a byte).

Key Points

• The Fiscal Deficit is the difference between the government's total income (excluding borrowing) and total expenditure, which correctly matches with definition .
• A Primary Deficit is the total fiscal deficit (as defined above) minus the interest paid on previous borrowings, which matches with definition .
• Revenue Deficit is the difference between the current income and current expenditure of the government, thus matching with definition
• It basically means the government's regular income isn’t sufficient to cover its current expenditure (including salaries, pensions, and interest payments).

• The Current Account Deficit refers to when a country's total imports of goods, services, and transfers are greater than the country's total export. In the scope of this question, it is matched with the shortfall in a government's income compared to its spending i.e., definition a. This is a simplified definition.

• The current account also involves net income, such as interest and dividends, and foreign aid. Despite this complexity, all components of a current account deficit represent spending by the home country in excess of its income.

India clinches fourth Asian Champions Trophy hockey title with fighting 4-3 win over Malaysia in Chennai.

Key PointsHockey Men's Asian Champions Trophy:

• The 2023 Men's Asian Champions Trophy, Chennai is the seventh edition of the Men's Asian Champions Trophy.
• A men's field hockey tournament for the six best Asian national teams organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. Hence statement 1 is correct
• Indian hockey team won the Asian Champions Trophy 2023 title for a record fourth time after beating Malaysia 4-3 in the final. Hence statement 2 is incorrect
• Participants: India, Pakistan, China, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea
• The 1st Edition was held in 2011.

Asian Hockey Federation:

• The Asian Hockey Federation is the governing body for the sport of field hockey in Asia.
• It now has 33 member associations.
• Headquarters - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Founded in the year 1958

Concept:

• Acceleration achieved by any object due to the gravitational force of attraction by any planet is called acceleration due to gravity by that planet.
• 
• Where, G = universal gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10^-11Nm²/kg², M = mass of the planet, r = radius or distance from the center of that planet.
• As each planet has a different mass and radius so the acceleration due to gravity will be different for different planets.
• At Earth’s surface, the value of the acceleration of gravity is about 9.8 m/s²

g is majorly affected by the following four factors:

• The shape of the Earth.
• Rotational motion of the Earth.
• Altitude above the Earth’s surface.
• Depth below the Earth’s surface.

Explanation:

Variation of g due to the shape of the Earth

• The earth is not perfectly spherical but is an oblate spheroid.
• The polar radius (radius near poles) of the earth is 21 km smaller than its equatorial radius (near the equator).
• As per the formula derived, the acceleration due to gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the earth.
• 
• Where g_e and g_p are the accelerations due to gravity assumed at the equator and poles, R_e and R_p are the radii of earth near the equator and poles, respectively.
• From the above equation, it can be easily derived that acceleration due to gravity is more at the poles and less at the equator, that is g_e < g_p.
• Thus, acceleration due to gravity decreases when one moves from the poles to the equator.

Variation of g due to altitude above the Earth’s surface.

So, It decreases with altitude.

Key Points

• Galvanization is the process of applying a zinc layer on Iron and Steel to prevent corrosion.
• Galvanization is done by two methods-
  • Dipping metal in hot molted Zinc
  • By process of Electroplating
• Mechanism-
  • The Zinc layer protects the Iron surface from interacting with the atmosphere thus preventing corrosion of the surface.

Important Points

Examples of corrosion are-

• Silver tarnishing/blackening
• Brownish layer on Iron surface
• Green coloured layer on copper or brass surface
• Dull aluminium surface

Additional Information

• Some other methods to prevent corrosion are as below-
  • Metal Type
  • Protective Coating
  • Environmental Measures
  • Sacrificial Coatings
  • Corrosion Inhibitors
  • Design Modification

Key Points

• The MS Word 365 clipboard allows users to copy and store up to 24 items.
• This feature enhances productivity by allowing users to easily access and paste multiple copied items.
• The clipboard can hold a combination of text, images, and other objects.
• Users can view the clipboard by clicking on the Clipboard Pane in the Home tab.
• This stored information remains available until the user clears the clipboard or closes MS Word.
• It is particularly useful for tasks that require repetitive copying and pasting of multiple items.

Additional Information

• Clipboard Pane
  • The Clipboard Pane can be accessed from the Home tab on the ribbon.
  • It shows all the items that are currently stored in the clipboard.
  • Users can paste any item from the clipboard pane into their document by clicking on it.
  • The clipboard pane also provides an option to clear all the items at once.

Key Points

• These arrows are present on the icons to indicate that they are shortcuts for programs and files.
• However, those arrows are not particularly necessary because the majority of the icons on your desktop will probably be shortcuts.
• Those arrows on desktop shortcut icons might be removed at the discretion of some users.
• Shortcuts or links to applications, files, or directories are represented by icons with an arrow. A desktop icon can be double-clicked to open a specific application, folder, or file.

Additional Information

Folder Icon:- To describe a folder's visual appearance, use a folder icon. Use a directory icon not. Note Not every folder includes documents or other folders. For instance, the Control Panel and Printers apps are both folders.

Dialog Box:- An program can build a temporary window called a dialogue box to collect user input. Typically, dialogue boxes are used by applications to ask the user for further details on menu items.

The correct answer is V = W × Q.

• The potential difference is defined as the work done per unit charge.
  • V = (W/Q)
• Where V Potential difference, W is Work done, and Q is electric charge.
• Other two are forms of same formula:
  • Q = (W/V)
  • ​W = V × Q
  • Hence V = W × Q is not correct for the electric potential difference.
• The S.I unit of work is joule and that of the charge is the coulomb.

• Electric potential difference refers to the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit.
  • The electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit carrying some current is the work done to move a unit charge from one point to the other.
  • The standard metric unit of electric potential difference is volt, abbreviated V.

Key Points

Agro based industries (Silk weaving, Food processing)

• Agro based industries involve the processing of raw materials derived from agriculture.
• Examples include silk weaving (from silkworms) and food processing (from crops and produce).

Mineral based industries (Iron manufacturing)

• Mineral based industries deal with the extraction and processing of minerals from the earth.
• Iron manufacturing is a prime example where iron ore is processed to produce iron and steel.

Marine based industries (Sea food processing)

• Marine based industries involve the extraction and processing of products from the sea.
• Seafood processing is an example, where fish and other sea products are harvested and processed for consumption.

Forest based industries (Furniture, Pulp and paper)

• Forest based industries utilize forest resources such as wood and other plant materials.
• Examples include furniture making and the production of pulp and paper from wood.

• Swachhata Pakhwada was initiated by the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) as a significant step toward enhancing environmental sustainability and cleanliness across the community.

Key Points

• The event took place at Vigyan Bhawan (Annexe), New Delhi, starting on the 16th of May and concluding on the 31st of May, 2024.
• During the event, team MDoNER and its Secretary took a Swachhata Pledge to emphasize the importance of cleanliness in daily life and encourage the adoption of best practices for maintaining hygiene and sanitation.
• The initiative included a variety of activities designed to promote community awareness on environmental issues, such as discouraging plastic use, waste management, plantation drives, and street plays.
• Cleanliness inspections and voluntary clean-up activities, including Shramdan, were organized to ensure sanitation and proper management of waste in office premises and their surroundings, highlighting the hands-on approach to promoting cleanliness.
• The launch of Swachhata Pakhwada reflects MDoNER’s dedication to the Swachh Bharat mission, aiming to inspire similar cleanliness endeavors within the organization and the broader community, thereby fostering a culture of environmental responsibility and sustainability.

Key Points

• The full form of VIRUS is Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
• A computer virus is a computer program or a piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and run against your consent.
• The virus has the property to replicate itself and spread itself from one computer to another computer.
• It can affect the data files, boot sector of hard drive, etc. when its replication succeeds.

Additional Information

• Viruses generally intended to access private information, corrupt data, to display political and humorous messages on the user's screen.
• Some examples of computer viruses are worms, malware, trojan, ransomware, etc.
• To counter viruses, programmers created anti-virus programs.
• Some examples of anti-virus are Quickheal, Norton, windows defender, Avast, etc.
• Virus stands for Vital Information Resources under Siege.
  It refers to the type of malicious software or malware that can cause damage to your data, files, and software through replication.

Key Points

• The Geysers Geothermal Complex:
  • The United States is home to The Geysers Geothermal Complex, located in Northern California, which is one of the largest geothermal power plants in the world.
  • The Geysers, consisting of multiple power plants, has a combined installed capacity of over 1,500 megawatts (MW).
  • Geothermal energy is a significant renewable resource in the USA, particularly in the western states, including California, Nevada, and Utah.

Additional Information

• India:
  • India has a potential for geothermal energy, particularly in regions like the Himalayas and the western part of the country, but it does not host one of the world's largest geothermal power plants.
• Russia:
  • Russia has significant geothermal resources, especially in regions like Kamchatka, but likewise does not host one of the largest geothermal power plants globally.
• Germany:
  • Germany is known for its advancements in renewable energy, including geothermal, but it does not have one of the world's largest geothermal power plants.

Key Points

• The pressure cooker is based on the principle that the boiling of water increases with the increase in pressure.

• When we give heat to the pressure cooker then due to an increase in temperature the steam generated in the vessel.
• Due to this generated steam, the pressure inside the vessel increases. So the food gets cooked soon.
• Thus by the application of pressure the boiling point of the water increases. Hence option 1 is correct.
• There is no relation between food-grains with the boiling point of water. So options 2, 3, and 4 are wrong.

Mr. Vijay Jain, Managing Director of Star Estate, was adjudged the prestigious Times Power Icon 2024 Award.

Key Points

• The award ceremony, held recently in Noida, was organized by The Times Group.
• Vijay Jain was acknowledged for his visionary leadership and outstanding achievements in the real estate sector.
• Ada Sharma, a cine icon, presented the award to Vijay Jain during the event.
• Mr. Jain expressed gratitude for the recognition and attributed the success to the hard work and dedication of the entire team at Star Estate.
• Under Mr. Jain's leadership, Star Estate has become one of the most reliable and trusted real estate consultation firms in India, expanding its operations across multiple cities.
• About Star Estate: It was Founded in 2012 as the fastest-growing Real Estate enterprise.

India's first AI-based film is titled "IRAH."

Key Points

• The trailer and song launch of the film took place in Mumbai.
• "IRAH" features actors Rohit Bose Roy, Karishma Kotak, Rajesh Sharma, and Rakshith Bhandarry in prominent roles.
• Produced by Big Films Media and directed by Sam Bhattacharjee, the film is set to release nationwide in theaters on April 4th.
• The movie sheds light on the misuse of AI technology, showcasing its negative aspects.
• Director Sam Bhattacharjee mentioned that work on the sequel, "IRAH 2," has already begun during the trailer launch event.

Nationalisation of banks

• Indira Gandhi's government nationalized the 14 biggest commercial lenders on 20 July 1969.
• RBI Governor at that time was LK Jha who was the 8th governor of the bank.
• The tenure for which he served in the RBI was from 01 July 1967 to 03 May 1970.
• It started with the nationalization of 14 major lenders that accounted for 85 percent of bank deposits in the country at that time. Six more banks were later nationalized in 1980.
• The ICICI Bank is Private sector Bank, not a Nationalised Bank
• ICICI Bank was established in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary.

Additional Information

• On 19th July 1969, a major process of nationalization was carried out and 14 major commercial banks in India were nationalized.

• The following banks were nationalized in 1969

1. Allahabad Bank
2. Bank of Baroda
3. Bank of India
4. Bank of Maharashtra
5. Canara Bank
6. Central Bank of India
7. Dena Bank
8. Indian Bank
9. Indian Overseas Bank
10. Punjab National Bank
11. Syndicate Bank
12. UCO Bank
13. Union Bank of India
14. United Bank of India

Key Points:

• The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka is located in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
  • It is located near Abdullaganj town and inside the Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary (Southern edge of Vindhya Range).
  • It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.

Additional Information:

• Bhimbetka was discovered by archaeologist V S Wakankar in 1957.​
  • It was one of the oldest paintings in India and the world.
  • The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site of the Paleolithic age.
  • These cave paintings show tremendous similarity to the aboriginal rock paintings of the Savanna regions of Australia, the paintings done by pygmies of the Kalahari Desert, and the Paleolithic Lascaux cave paintings of France.

Key Points

• Pair 1 is correct. Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21st Oct. 1951 at Delhi and he became its first President.
• Pair 2 is incorrect. C. Rajagopalachari parted ways with the Congress in 1957 after being disillusioned by the path it was taking. He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959, which favoured classical liberal principles and free enterprise.
• Pair 3 is correct. Babu Jagjivan Ram resigned from the Cabinet and the Congress Party on 2 February 1977. He formed his own party, ‘Congress for Democracy’ (CFD) on 5 February 1977.
• Pair 4 is incorrect. Acharya Narendra Dev was instrumental in the establishment of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 as a radical faction working within the Indian National Congress. The Congress Socialist Party under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Narendra Dev played a major role in the Quit India Movement (1942). Hence Only Two is Correct.

India’s first research testbed to study Nor’westers getting ready.

Key Points

• The ART is India's first research testbed facility to study the severe thunderstorms known as Nor'westers or Kalbaisakhi that impact the eastern and northeastern regions of India during the summer.
• The ART will span a vast area bordering West Bengal, Odisha, and Jharkhand, with the control center located in Chandbali, Odisha, about 130 km east of Bhubaneswar.
• The ART is a collaboration between the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, and National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Delhi.
• The primary objective of the ART is to study thunderstorms from their inception, growth, and propagation over the eastern parts of the country using meteorological instruments, drones, and other equipment.
• The ART aims to improve predictions and develop early warning mechanisms for Nor'westers to save lives and property.
• The first phase of the Atmospheric Research Testbed in Central India (ART-CI) was recently inaugurated in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, about 50 km northwest of Bhopal.
• The ART-CI is equipped with nearly 25 advanced instruments, including a Ka-band cloud radar and a C-band Doppler weather radar, to track the movement of rain-bearing systems.
• The ART-CI is strategically located in the path of rain-bearing systems, making it an ideal site to study the characteristics of low-pressure systems and depressions that sustain the Indian monsoon rainfall.
• The data obtained from the ART-CI will be used to improve weather forecasting models and provide more accurate rainfall predictions, especially for the Monsoon Core Zone spanning central India.

Key Points:

• Age of consent act, 1891
  • The Age of Consent Act, 1891, was legislation enacted 19 March 1891 which raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse for all girls, married or unmarried, from ten to twelve years in all jurisdictions
  • The violation of this act is subject to criminal prosecution as rape.
  • This bill was introduced on 9 January 1891 by Sir Andrew Scoble in the Legislative Council of the Governor-General of India in Calcutta.
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the leaders at that time who opposed the bill stating "We would not like that the government should have anything to do with regulating our social customs or ways of living, even supposing that the act of government will be a very beneficial and suitable measure".

The correct answer is Florida Current.

Key Points

• Labrador Current: This current originates in the Arctic and flows southward along the eastern coast of Canada. It is a cold current.
• California Current: This current originates in the northern Pacific Ocean and flows southward along the coast of California. It is a cold current.
• Benguela Current: This current originates near the coast of Antarctica and flows northward along the western coast of Africa. It is a cold current.
• Florida Current: This current originates in the Caribbean Sea and flows northward along the eastern coast of Florida and into the Gulf Stream. It is a warm current.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• The campaign "Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam" will be launched in Madhya Pradesh.
• The campaign aims to plant five and a half crore trees across the state.
• Chief Minister Dr. Mohan Yadav will inaugurate the campaign.
• In Bhopal district alone, a target has been set to plant 20 lakh saplings within a fortnight.

Important Points

• The campaign starts on the birth anniversary of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.
• In Indore, there is a plan to plant 51 lakh saplings.
• MPs, MLAs, and public representatives are invited to plant saplings in various locations.
• Madhya Pradesh set a record in 2017 for planting the maximum number of saplings in a day, with over 6 crore saplings planted in 12 hours.

Additional Information

• Maharashtra: Not mentioned in the context of this tree-planting campaign.
• Gujarat: Not mentioned in the context of this tree-planting campaign.
• Rajasthan: Not mentioned in the context of this tree-planting campaign.

An exhibition of Persian manuscripts by Khwaja Muhammad Amin Darab, poet and chronogram writer, has put a spotlight on the Persian language in Kashmir.

Key Points

Nastaliq

• It is also romanized as Nastaʿlīq, is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script in the Persian and Urdu languages, often used also for Ottoman Turkish poetry, rarely for Arabic. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Nastaliq developed in Iran from naskh beginning in the 13th century and remains very widely used in Iran, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art.
• It is used in writing the Persian alphabet and is traditionally the predominant style in Persian calligraphy.
• A cursive script, Nastaliq was a combination of the Naskhi and tahliq styles, featuring elongated horizontal strokes and exaggerated rounded forms.
• The diacritical marks were casually placed, and the lines were flowing rather than straight.
• Nastaliq is traditionally considered to be the most elegant of the Persian scripts.

• Tiger trekked from Sikkim in Northeast India to Bhutan, crossing the international boundary, validates the existence of essential wildlife corridors between India and Bhutan.

Key Points

Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary:

• Location: Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Pakyong District of Sikkim, India, at the tri-junction of Sikkim, Bengal, and Bhutan. It was established in 2002.
• The Pangolakha range separates Sikkim from Bhutan to the east. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Size and Connectivity: It is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Sikkim, encompassing an area of around 128 square kilometers. The sanctuary is linked to the forests of Neora Valley National Park of West Bengal, and the forests of Samtse and Haa districts in Bhutan, forming a crucial wildlife corridor. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Biodiversity Hotspot: The sanctuary boasts a rich variety of flora and fauna. The diverse vegetation includes Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests, subtropical pine forests, subalpine conifer forests, and alpine meadows. The sanctuary is home to many endangered species, including red pandas, snow leopards, Himalayan musk deer, and various birds.
• High Altitude Haven: The sanctuary's elevation ranges from 1,760 meters to 4,390 meters, making it a haven for high-altitude species. Some high-altitude lakes like the Tsongmo Lake are present within the sanctuary, providing a habitat for migratory birds.

Key Points

• Doll: Humanoid figure for play and storytelling, not manipulated for performance.
• Glove Puppet: Fits over the puppeteer's hand, controlled by fingers, used in puppet shows.
• Stick Puppet: Has a central rod for control, often simpler than string puppets, used in puppetry performances.
• String Puppet (Marionette): Controlled by strings or wires from above, requires skillful manipulation for lifelike movements.

Hence, the correct answer is Doll.