UGC NET Paper 1 Mock Test - 6 - UGC NET MCQ

​Sampling with replacement:

• It refers to the units of population that are chosen and then again put back into the population before selecting another unit from the population.
• Possibility of selecting the same unit again from the population is high.

Sampling without replacement:

• It refers to the selection of units from the population which are not again counted double in that sample.
• These selected units are unique.

Additional Information

Random Sampling:

• In this method, all the units of the sample have equal chance of selection.
• It is an unbiased method of selection.
• Selection of a unit cannot affect the selection of another unit.
• Every unit has an equal chance of selection.
• Merit: Requires less knowledge about population. Human influences are eliminated.
• Demerit: It does not suit heterogeneous groups. Lack of control on the part of the investigator.

Systematic Sampling:

• It is a method of probability sampling method.
• In this type of sampling, there is a defined targeted population where the first unit of the sample is selected randomly and then for rest units is selected according to the position employing skip interval method. (Every kth term is selected.)
• All the units of the sample are arranged and selected systematically.
• Merit: Sample is evenly spread out for the entire referred population.
• Demerit: It is not bias free. May encounter systematic errors.

Given:
Time taken to cross the signal = 34 seconds

Length of the bridge = 473 meters

Time taken to cross the bridge = 77 seconds

Calculation:

Let's denote the length of the train as L meters.

When the train crosses the signal, it covers the length of the train only. So, we can set up the equation:

L = Distance covered in 34 seconds

Speed = Distance / Time

Speed = L / 34 .........(i)

Now, when the train crosses the bridge, it covers the length of the train plus the length of the bridge. So, we can set up the equation:

L + 473 = Distance covered in 77 seconds

Distance covered in 77 seconds = Speed × 77

L + 473 = (L / 34) × 77

Now, we can solve this equation to find the length of the train.

34 × (L + 473) = L × 77

77L = 34L + 473 × 34

43L = 473 × 34

L = 34 × 11 = 374 m

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is - (A), (B) and (C) Only.

Key PointsSpell Checker and Thesaurus :

• Word processing software like MS Word includes tools for checking spelling and suggesting synonyms through a thesaurus.
• These features help in enhancing the quality of the text by identifying and correcting errors and improving word choice.

Page Orientation :

• Page orientation, which allows users to set the page layout as portrait or landscape, is a standard feature in word processing software.
• This feature is crucial for formatting documents according to the specific requirements of the content or printing specifications.

Mail Merge:

• Mail merge is a powerful feature in word processing software that allows users to create a batch of documents that are personalized for each recipient.
• It is commonly used for generating personalized letters, labels, and emails, making it an invaluable tool for mass communication.

Slide Transitions:

• Slide transitions are a feature associated with presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint, rather than word processing software like MS Word.
• While word processors may have some capabilities for creating simple presentations, the specific functionality of slide transitions is not among them.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4: (A), (B) and (C) Only.

​The correct answer is Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences.

Key Points

• Mohak Hitech Speciality Hospital is located in Indore.
• It was founded in 2007.
• It is the first of its kind hospital in India to perform diabetes surgery for abnormal obese and low BMI diabetics, and cure heart diseases, sleep apnea etc.
• It uses robots to perform surgeries.
• It has been designated as an International Centre of Excellence in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery by the US based Surgical Review Corporation.

Key Points

• The Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences is a private medical university.
• It was founded in 2003 and is located in Indore.
• It is a part of Bhandari Group of Hospitals and Institutions.
• Dr. Vinod Bhandari is its founder.

Filters are used to clean up or retouch photos, apply special arts effects that give an image the appearance of a sketch or impressionistic painting, or create unique transformations using distortions and lighting effects. So the answer is (3).

Key Points

• Filters are a powerful tool that can be used to enhance and manipulate images in a variety of ways. They can be used to improve the color and contrast of an image, remove blemishes, add special effects, or create entirely new images.
• Filters can be applied to an entire image or to specific areas of an image. They can also be combined to create unique and interesting effects.

Here are some examples of how filters can be used:

• A sharpen filter can be used to make an image sharper and more clear.
• A blur filter can be used to soften an image or blur out unwanted details.
• A noise reduction filter can be used to reduce noise in an image.
• A color correction filter can be used to adjust the color and contrast of an image.
• A sketch filter can be used to give an image the appearance of a sketch.
• An impressionistic painting filter can be used to give an image the appearance of an impressionistic painting.
• Filters are a valuable tool for photographers and graphic designers alike. They can be used to create professional-looking images with ease.

Additional Information

• Shapes are used to create and edit geometric shapes in an image.
• Adjustments are used to make basic changes to an image, such as changing the brightness, contrast, or saturation.
• Layers are used to stack different elements of an image on top of each other.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Key Points

• The Hunter Commission was a commission appointed by the British government in 1882 to inquire into the state of education in India.
• The commission made a number of recommendations, including:
  • The government should focus on providing primary education to the masses.
  • Secondary education should be left to private enterprise.
  • The government should gradually withdraw its support from collegiate education.
• The Hunter Commission's recommendations were controversial, but they had a significant impact on the development of education in India.
• The government did withdraw some of its support from collegiate education, and this led to the rise of private colleges in India.

Given:

Number of girls = 120% of number of boys

Total number of students = 66

4 more girls are admitted.

Calculation:

Let, the number of boys = 100

According to the question,

Number of girls = 120% of 100 = 120

Now,

⇒ (100 + 120) unit = 66

⇒ 220 unit = 66

⇒ 1 unit = 3/10

So, number of girls = 120 × 3/10 = 36

And, number of boys = (66 - 36) = 30

Now, new number of girls = (36 + 4) = 40

So, the ratio of boys to girls = 30 : 40 = 3 : 4

∴ The ratio of the number of boys to that of the girls is 3 : 4.

Key Points

• In a local area network or Ethernet a device is identified by a unique identifier known as MAC (Media Access Control) address.
• This MAC address is associated with the network adapter or interface card inside your device (e.g., computers, routers, printers, etc).
• The MAC address is a unique 48-bit number, it is typically represented as six pairs of hexadecimal numbers.
• Hexadecimal numbers are base-16 numbers. They use ten digits and six letters (0-9 and A-F), where A represents 10, B for 11, up to F for 15.
• Each hexadecimal digit represents 4 bits of information, as a Hex digit can have 16 possible values (from 0 to 15), and 2^4 is also 16.

So, if a MAC address consists of 12 hexadecimal digits, it represents 48 bits of information (12 hex digits * 4 bits/hex digit = 48 bits).

In options A, B, D given in the question, there are incorrect MAC addresses.

• Option A) '01:23:45:67:89:0G' - This is not valid because 'G' is not a valid hexadecimal digit.
• Option B) 'AB:CD:EF:01:23' - This is not valid because there are only 5 pairs of digits, not 6. It is 40 bits, not the required 48 bits.
• Option D) '123:456:789:ABC' - This is not valid because each section should only have 2 hexadecimal digits.
• Only option C) '12:34:56:78:9A:BC' adheres to the correct MAC address format and is valid.

• Khan Academy is a non-profit educational organization that provides free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. It was founded in 2008 by Salman Khan, a former educator and engineer. Khan Academy offers over 10,000 interactive lessons and videos on a wide range of subjects, including math, science, history, economics, and art.
• Khan Academy is globally recognized for its high-quality educational content and its commitment to making education accessible to everyone. It has been used by over 100 million students in over 190 countries. Khan Academy is also a popular platform for teachers to use in their classrooms.
• The other options are not globally recognized online learning platforms based in the United States:
  • EDUKAAN is an Indian online learning platform that offers courses in a variety of subjects, including business, technology, and design.
  • COURSES FOR ALL is a UK-based online learning platform that offers courses in a variety of subjects, including business, technology, and creative writing.
  • NEW LEARNING is an online learning platform that offers courses in a variety of subjects, including business, technology, and personal development.
• Khan Academy is a great choice for students of all ages who are looking for high-quality, free education. It is also a great resource for teachers who are looking for engaging and effective learning materials for their classrooms.

Calculation
The number of cars sold by A = 40%
The number of bikes sold by A = 15% of 1600 = 240
60% → 240
(bikes + cars)100% → 240 × 100/60 = 400
The number of cars sold by C = 60%
The number of bikes sold by C = 18.75% of 1600
⇒ 3/16 × 1600 = 300
(bikes) 40% → 300
(bikes + cars) 100% → 300 × 100/40 = 750
The ratio = 750:400 = 15:8
The answer is 15:8.

Calculation
The number of bikes sold in five showrooms is 1600.
The number of bikes sold by C = 18.75% of 1600 (18.75% = 3/16)
⇒ 3/16 × 1600 = 300
The number of cars sold by C = 60%
40% → 300
60% → 300 × 3/2 = 450
The number of cars(from C) sold to male = 5/9 × 450 = 250
The number of bikes sold by E = 10% of 1600
⇒ 1/10 × 1600 =160
The number of bike(from E) sold to male = 160 × 3/8 = 60
The sum = 250 + 60 = 310
The number of cars sold by E = 71.44% (71.44% = 5/7)
(7 - 5) → 160 (10% of 1600 = 160)
5 → 160 × 5/2 = 400
The % Difference = (400 - 310)/400 × 100 = 22.5%
The answer is 22.5%

Calculation
The number of cars sold by A = 40%
The number of bikes sold by A = 15% of 1600 = 240
(bikes) 60% → 240
(car) 40% → 240 × 40/60 = 160
The number of bikes sold by B = 25% of 1600
⇒ 1/4 × 1600 = 400
The percent = 160/400 × 100 = 40%
The answer is 40%.

Calculation
The number of bikes sold in five showrooms is 1600.
The number of bikes sold by C = 18.75% of 1600 (18.75% = 3/16)
⇒ 3/16 × 1600 = 300
The number of bikes sold by B = 25% of 1600
⇒ 1/4 × 1600 = 400
The number of bikes sold by D = 31.25% of 1600 (31.25% = 5/16)
⇒ 5/16 × 1600 = 500
The average = (300 + 400 + 500)/3 = 400
The number of cars sold by C = 60%
40% → 300
60% → 300 × 3/2 = 450
The number of cars sold by D = 50%
50% → 500
50% → 500 × 1/1 = 500
The number of cars sold by E = 71.44% (71.44% = 5/7)
(7 - 5) → 160 (10% of 1600 = 160)
5 → 160 × 5/2 = 400
The average = (450 + 500 + 400)/3 = 450
Difference between the average = 450 - 400 = 50
The answer is 450.

The correct response is the Pedagogical structure (5+3+3+4).

Key PointsPedagogical structure (5+3+3+4):

This is indeed a specific reform introduced by the NEP 2020. The new pedagogical structure replaces the previous 10+2 system and aims to provide a more integrated and holistic education aligned with children's developmental stages.
Additional Information

• SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals): While NEP 2020 aligns with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals to some extent, SDGs are not specific reforms of the NEP itself. They are a broader international agenda.
• SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan): While this is a significant educational scheme in India, it predates NEP 2020. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is not introduced by NEP 2020, but elements may be integrated or aligned with the new policy.

The correct answer is 'Histolysis'.
Key Points

• The passage distinctly states, "Within this cocoon, the caterpillar’s old body undergoes a remarkable transformation, called 'histolysis', essentially transforming into a liquid."
• This suggests that it is during the process of histolysis that the old body of the caterpillar transforms into a basic liquid state.
• The process is distinct from histogenesis and metamorphosis, which are other stages of the butterfly's lifecycle.
• Histogenesis refers to the creation of new tissues from the "liquid" state, and metamorphosis refers to the entire transformation process a butterfly goes through.
• Müllerian mimicry in butterflies is an evolutionary tactic, where two or more harmful species come to resemble each other's appearance as a survival strategy.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is 'Adult butterflies primarily feed on meat'.
Key Points

• The passage mentions, "Upon emerging from the chrysalis, adult butterflies are a spectacle of patterned winged loveliness, flying from flower to flower in search of nectar."
• This implies that the primary food source for adult butterflies is nectar, not meat, making the statement incorrect.
• As for the other options, it's clarified in the passage that butterflies start their life as eggs and that caterpillars, the larval stage of the butterfly, voraciously consume plant matter.
• Moreover, butterflies are indeed hailed as vital pollinators, which contradicts the first statement, but this information was covered in previous questions and thus does not form part of the solution.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The correct answer is 'Greedily'.
Key Points

• The term "voraciously" implies eating or doing something with great eagerness or enthusiasm.
  • Example - After a long day of work, John voraciously devoured his dinner, not leaving a single morsel on his plate.
• In the context, "voraciously" describes the caterpillars' consumption of plant matter in the sentence: "Caterpillars, [...] immediately start consuming plant matter voraciously."

• It emphasizes the intense eagerness and appetite of the caterpillars when feeding on plant matter.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

• The scientific method is a systematic approach used to investigate and understand natural phenomena. The steps of the scientific method are typically arranged in the following sequence:
• E. Identify the problem or question:
  • ​The first step is to clearly define the problem or question that you want to investigate.
• A. Formulate a hypothesis:
  • Based on the problem or question, propose a testable hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation for the phenomenon you're studying.
• D. Design and conduct experiments:
  • Develop a research plan and carry out experiments or observations to test your hypothesis and gather data.
• B. Collect and analyze data:
  • Collect relevant data through your experiments or observations, and then analyze and interpret the data to draw meaningful insights.
• C. Draw conclusions:
  • ​ Based on the analysis of your data, draw conclusions about whether your hypothesis is supported or not. This step involves making inferences and interpreting the results.

Therefore, the correct order is option 1) E, A, D, B, C, which represents the logical progression of steps in the scientific method

In the context of internet security and cyber threats, the correct statement about spamware is: B. Spamware is a type of software that harvests email addresses from the internet with the intent of sending bulk unsolicited emails.Key Points

• A. Spamware is a program specifically designed to locate and remove viruses from an operating system: This function refers to antivirus software, not spamware.
• C. Spamware is a type of anti-spyware program that specifically targets and removes adware from an individual's computer: This describes anti-adware software, not spamware.
• D. Spamware refers to the software applications used to support and manage an organization's social media presence: This describes social media management software, not spamware.

Therefore, option B is the only one that accurately describes the role of spamware in internet security and cyber threats. It is a malicious software tool used by spammers to collect email addresses and send large numbers of unwanted emails, often containing scams, phishing attempts, or malware.

The Ram Murti Review committee recommended that admission to higher education must be Selective.

Important Points

The term "selective" indicates that the committee suggested that the admission process to higher education institutions should be based on certain criteria, qualifications, or standards. This implies that not all individuals would be granted admission, but rather those who meet specific requirements and qualifications.

The other options do not align with the term "selective":

Universal: This suggests that admission should be open to everyone, without any limitations or criteria.

Reservation-based: This implies that admission would be based on specific reserved categories, such as caste or ethnicity, rather than on qualifications.

Free from payment: This suggests that education should be provided without any fees, which is not directly related to the concept of selective admission.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer is option 3) Selective.

Given:

Speed of one person, S1 = 50 km/hour

Speed of second person, S2 = 60 km/hour

T1 – T2 = 50 minutes

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation:

Let the distance be x km.

Time taken by first person = Distance/Speed = x/50 hour

Time taken by second person = x/60 hour

T1 – T2 = 50 minutes

⇒ x/50 – x/60 = 50/60

⇒ (6x – 5x)/300 = 5/6

⇒ x/300 = 5/6

⇒ x = 5/6 × 300 = 250 km

∴ The distance travelled is 250 km.

The correct answer is It connects devices that are in a single, limited area.

Key Points

• LAN is the most commonly used network.
• A Local Area Network may be a network that connects computers along a standard communication path, contained at intervals in a restricted space, that is, locally.
• The two necessary technologies concerned during this network area unit local area network and Wi-fi.
• Examples of LAN computers can be networking in an exceedingly home, school, library, laboratory, college, office etc.
• The transmission speed(i.e. 1000 Mbps) is very high in comparison to MAN and WAN.

Additional Information

• A computer network may be a cluster of computers over a shared communication path that works for the aim of sharing resources from one computer to a different one, provided by or situated on the network nodes.
• Some of the uses of computer networks area unit the following:
• Communicating victimization via email, video, instant electronic communication, etc.
  • Sharing devices like printers, scanners, etc.
  • Sharing files.
  • Sharing software systems and operative programs on remote systems.
  • Allowing network users to simply access and maintain data.

The contents of EVS, for example, cover themes like food, water, shelter, etc. These discuss or deal with the real issues in children’s immediate environment, connecting them with their real experiences at home, neighborhood, community, etc. Such connections/linkages to real-life experiences and situations play a crucial role in developing and fostering in children lifelong attitudes, values, and conviction of actions and behaviors towards the environment and its conservation.
Important Points

• Thus, EVS not only provides a valuable education as regards environment but is also a life-skill education as it encourages children to develop knowledge, ideas, values, and attitudes about the world and how it works and learn to communicate and collaborate with other children and adults in their environment
• Holistic education aims at helping students become the most that ‘they can be’. This amounts to the development of a child's intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative, and spiritual potential.
• This is done not by just rote learning in classes but through direct engagement experience with the environment.
• Thus, it is child-centered. As its focus is on helping children “experience” rather than “teaching” it involves experiential learning.

Additional Information
EVS, by enabling children to explore, understand, appreciate and value his/her environment, helps them derive meaning and joy of learning through connecting with their immediate environment, the natural world, and the community

• help children connect with their natural and human-made environment and in understanding our dependence on the various components of the environment(biotic, abiotic and human-made).
• helps children develop a holistic understanding of their environment including the socio-cultural environment.
• helps children in maintaining a multidisciplinary perspective to understanding our environmental issues/problems and appreciate the impact/s of our daily activities on their integrity.

Holistic education aims at the all-around development of the child.

A thing that is changeable or a quantity that may have a number of different values is known as a variable. Variables are tangible and can be manipulated, controlled, or observed by the experimenter. following are the various types of variables:

1) Extraneous variable:

• Any and all other variables that may ‘mask’ the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable are known as extraneous variables.
• Extraneous variables may directly affect the dependent variable or may combine with the independent variable to produce an effect. Therefore, extraneous variables must be controlled so that the experimenter can determine whether the dependent variable changes in relation to variation in the independent variable.

2) Moderator Variable:

• A moderator variable is a variable, which is thought to temper or modulate the magnitude of the effect of an independent variable on a dependent one.
• Moderators specify when a relationship will hold. It can be qualitative (e.g., sex, race, class…) or quantitative (e.g., drug dosage or level of reward).
• A moderating variable is used exclusively in quantitative, rather than qualitative, research.
• Moderating variables are useful because they help explain the links between the independent and dependent variables.
• Also sometimes referred to as simply moderators, these moderating variables provide additional information regarding the association between two variables in quantitative research by explaining what features can make that association stronger, weaker, or even disappear.

3) Intervening variable:

• An intervening variable is a hypothetical variable used to explain causal links between other variables and especially the relationships between independent variables and dependent variables.
• Intervening variables cannot be observed in an experiment (that’s why they are hypothetical).
• For example, there is an association between being poor and having a shorter life span. Just because someone is poor doesn’t mean that will lead to an early death, so other hypothetical variables are used to explain the phenomenon. These intervening variables could include a lack of access to healthcare or poor nutrition.
• It is often distinguished from a hypothetical construct in that it has no properties other than those observed in empirical research. That is, it is simply a summary of the relationships observed between independent and dependent variables.
• For example, hunger is a hypothetical internal state which has been used to explain the relationships between independent variables such as length of time without food, or amount of food consumed, and dependent variables which are measures of eating.
• Intervening variables may be useful in reducing the number of relationships which need to be explained; for example, in attempting to explain the relationships between five independent variables and two dependent measures of eating, the use of the intervening variable of hunger reduces the number of relationships to be explained from ten to seven (five between the independent variables and hunger, and two between hunger and the dependent variables).

4) Treatment Variable (Independent Variable):

• Researchers are most likely to use the word treatment when referring to experimental research, especially when the data from that research were analyzed via analysis of variance (ANOVA).
• In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent or treatment variable(s) and then observes whether the treatment groups differ on one or more dependent or outcome variables.
• An independent variable or stimulus variable is that factor manipulated or selected by the experimenter in his attempt to discover its relationship to an observed phenomenon.
• For example, The researcher can manipulate the teaching methods by using different approaches of teaching and examine its effect upon the scholastic achievement of boys and girls.

Hence, from the above-explained points, we can conclude that the intervening variable is not directly observable but its effect is inferred on the dependent variable in the research study.

Given:

The price of an article is increased by r%.

The new price was decreased by r% later.

Now the latest price is Rs. 1.

Concept used:

If the price of an article is increased by r% and then decreased by r% , the total decrease is r²/100

Calculation:

Let the old price be Rs x

As per the question,

x - (r²/100) x (x/100) = 1

⇒ x = 10000 / 10000-r²

∴ The correct option is 1

Sampling is a process used in research to analyze a predetermined number of observations that is extracted out of the population.
Important Points
Systematic Sampling:

• It is a method of probability sampling method.
• In this type of sampling, there is a defined targeted population where the first unit of the sample is selected randomly and then for rest units is selected according to the position employing skip interval method. (Every kth term is selected.)
• All the units of the sample are arranged and selected systematically.
• Merit: Sample is evenly spread out for the entire referred population.
• Demerit: It is not bias free. May encounter systematic errors.

Additional Information

Here, we use the table given below:

​Given:
PJVG, VBZB, BTDW, HLHR,?
The logic followed in the given series is as:

Here, the missing term is 'NDLM'.
Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Nowadays financial transactions are carried out on computers or mobile phones. Information and communication technology (ICT) has entered and made huge progress in the banks wherein now the banks have started to conduct bank transactions electronically known as E-Banking.
Various Digital Initiatives:

Hence, UMANG offers a single point of access to all government services, BHIM provides Unified payment interface, eBiz relates to G2B Services and SWAYAM is a learning platform.

The correct answer is A and C only.Key Points

• Statement A is correct because it defines the concept of judicial review and its scope in India.
• Statement B is incorrect because there is no provision in the Indian Constitution that describes the compulsion of judicial review in the Fundamental Rights in Part III.
• Statement C is correct because the power of judicial review is significantly vested upon the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India.

Additional Information

• Judicial review is an important feature of the Indian Constitution that ensures the supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law.
• The power of judicial review enables the judiciary to check the abuse of power by the legislature and the executive and to protect the rights and liberties of the citizens.
• The Indian Constitution's Article 13 outlines the procedures for judicial review.
• It requires the Indian State to uphold and execute the fundamental right.
• Additionally, it gives the courts the authority to declare a law or action unconstitutional if it violates a fundamental right.