Test: Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture & Medicine - Grade 12 MCQ

• Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide.
• During sporulation, many Bt strains produce crystal proteins (proteinaceous inclusions), called delta endotoxins, that have insecticidal action.
• This has led to their use as insecticides, and more recently to genetically modified crops using Bt genes.

The purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology is to amplify DNA segments. PCR is a technique used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence, making it useful for various applications, including DNA analysis and diagnostics.
Hence the correct answer is " C "

Cloning is the biotechnological process commonly used to produce identical copies of genetically modified organisms. In this process, an exact genetic replica of an organism is created. Recombinant DNA technology involves the manipulation of genes, while hybridization and selective breeding involve the mating of different individuals with desired traits.
Hence the correct is " B ".

Animal-derived insulin caused allergic reactions because the human immune system recognized it as foreign. Recombinant DNA technology allowed the production of human insulin in bacteria, eliminating these immune responses and making it safer for patients.

In gene therapy, the inserted normal gene takes over the function of the non-functional gene. This non-functional gene is also called as an incorrect or mutant gene. This change in function is useful in successfully curing of the disease.