RPSC RAS Prelims Mock Test - 5 - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) MCQ

Key Points:

• Aanau also known as Gauna/Muklava.
• Gauna/Muklava/Aanau – The ritual of sending the bride to the groom's house at the time of marriage on attaining adulthood is called Gauna or Mooklawa.

Additional Information:
Marriage related customs and traditions of Rajasthan:

• Badar - On the second day of marriage, a feast is given from the side of the groom, it is called the feast of Badar.
• Pahrawani (Rangbari) - The gift or gift given by the bride's side to each bridegroom at the time of departure of the procession is called Pahrawani.
• Tika - Giving tilak to the groom on behalf of the bride's side, etc., is called Tika.
• Kankan Door – Two days before the marriage, seven knots are made by tying copper, iron, clove, and cowry in the thread of Mauli, these are called Kankan Door. These are tied in the right hand of the bride and groom and the songs of Madaliya are sung.
• Bindoli (Bandoli) - The day before the wedding, the bride and groom's bindoli is taken out, in which the bride or groom is taken on a horse and is rotated in the whole locality. Women walk together singing Mangal songs, companions and friends dance. A banquet is also held.
• Hitting the pylon - While entering the bride's house, the bridegroom mounts the pylon mounted on the door and kills him seven times with a sword, this is called toMaranarana.

The correct answer is A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)

Key Points
Howrah Gang Case:

• Inspector Shamsul Alam who was the Deputy Superintendent and intelligence officer in Bengal police was murdered on 24 January 1910.
• On 29 January 1910, 47 Indian Nationalists of the Anushilan Samiti were arrested and tried for this murder case. Later 33 of them were acquitted.
• Jatindranath Mukherjee and Narendranath Battacharjee were awarded one-year imprisonment.
• This case brought the network of Anushilan Samiti and the works of Jatindranath Mukherjee under the scrutiny of the British.

Lahore Conspiracy Case:

• During the anti-Simon Commission protests in Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai received severe lathi blows and eventually died.
• This once again triggered the revolutionaries of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
• On 17 December 1928, John Saunders, the assistant superintendent of police who was responsible for the lathicharge in Lahore was shot by Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru. Chandrashekar Azad and Sukhdev Thapar supported them.

Delhi Conspiracy Case:

• This incident is also known as Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy.
• It was organized by the Indian revolutionary underground in Bengal and Punjab and headed by Ras Bihari Bose to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge.
• Basant Kumar Biswas, Amir Chand, and Avadh Behari were convicted and executed in the trial of this Delhi Conspiracy Case.

Alipore Conspiracy case

• The Alipore Bombay Case Trial refers to an attempt to murder the district judge of Muzaffarpur.
• Aurobindo Ghosh was defended by Chittaranjas Das in the Alipore bomb case.
• The Alipore Bomb case conspiracy took place in the year 1908.
• It is also known as the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy or Muraripukar conspiracy.

The correct answer is A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv).

Key Points

• The Battle of Gagron
  • It was fought in 1519.
  • it was fought between the Combined Muslim forces of Gujarat and Malwa against the Rajput Confederacy led by Rana Sanga of Mewar near Gagron in Rajasthan.
• The Battle of Sarangpur
  • It was fought in 1437.
  • It was fought between Rana Kumbha and Sultan Mahmud Khilji in Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh.
• The Battle of Summel
  • It was fought in 1544.
  • It was also known as the Battle of Giri-Sumel.
  • It was fought between armies of Sher Shah Suri and Rao Maldeo of Jodhpur, Marwar in Jaitaran.
• The Battle of Saheba
  • It was fought during 1541-42.
  • Rao Maldev attacked Bikaner Rao Jaitasi and defeated him.
  • Maldev took the control of Bikaner. The management of Bikaner was handed over to the commander, Kunampa.

The correct answer is Provision for the inspection of the agency's work.

Key Points

• Provision for the inspection of the agency's work is not a basic element of the citizen charter.
• A Citizens' Charter represents the commitment of the Organisation towards standard, quality and time frame of service delivery, grievance redress mechanism, transparency and accountability.
• The basic objective of the Citizens Charter is to empower the citizen in relation to public service delivery.
• Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances in Government of India (DARPG) initiated the task of coordinating, formulating and operationalising Citizens' Charters.
• The Charters are expected to incorporate the following elements:
  • Vision and Mission Statement
  • Details of business transacted by the organisation
  • Details of clients
  • Description of services being provided by department or the agency. Hence, option 1 is correct.
  • Details of grievance redress mechanism and how to access it
  • Promotion of various methods to get benefit from the services available. Hence, option 2 is correct.
  • Expectations from the clients
  • Provide public records. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• It does not include "Provision for the inspection of the agency's work". Hence, option 4 is not correct.

Key Points

• There were certain debates held in the Constituent Assembly while preparing the Constitution of India.
• In one such debate on 26th November 1949, Dr Rajendra Prasad said-
  • A Constitution. like a machine, is a lifeless thing. It acquires life because of the men who control it and India needs today nothing more than a set of honest men who will have the interest of the country before them.
• Dr Rajendra Prasad
  • He was the first and longest-serving president of India (1950 to 1962).
  • He was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and played a prominent role as the President of the Indian National Congress.
  • ​He was a lawyer by profession, and also an influential leader during the Indian freedom struggle.
  • He served as the president of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the first constitution of the Republic of India, which lasted from 1948 to 1950.

The correct answer is 2019.

Key Points

• In 2019, Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy was declared.
• The state of Rajasthan is endowed with the highest radiation levels in India.
• It implemented the Solar Policy to harness great untapped resources and meet its Renewable Portfolio Standard requirements.
• The State Government plans to systematically harness this potential and has set for itself an ambitious target of 30 GW capacity by 2024-25.
• It seeks to enhance energy security, create jobs in solar manufacturing and become the main exporter of renewable power to a third party and neighbouring states.
• The solar policy seeks to widespread the installation of solar water heating systems on all industrial buildings where hot water is required, large residential buildings, government and private hospitals, hotels and swimming pools.
• To reach such targets, the solar policy includes a combination of support tools:
  • Power producers are exempted from electricity duty on the energy they consume and can apply for incentives under the Industry Scheme.
  • Producers of solar thermal energy are granted access to the water quantity required for generation by local authorities.
  • Solar power will be guaranteed grid access under both the Indian Solar Mission and the Rajasthan Solar policy.

The correct answer is D.

Key Points

• Balkhash Lake:
  • It is one of the largest lakes in Asia.
  • It is in Kazakhstan and sits in an endorheic basin. Hence, pair A is correctly matched.
  • It plays a significant role in preserving and managing the natural and climatic equity in Central Asia.
• Titicaca Lake:
  • It is one of South America's largest lakes.
  • It straddles the border between Peru and Bolivia in the Andes Mountains. Hence, pair B is correctly matched.
  • It is also the highest lake in the world that boats can navigate.
• Erie Lake:
  • It is the eleventh-largest globally.
  • It is situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States. Hence, pair C is correctly matched.
• Baikal Lake:
  • It is in the mountainous Russian region of Siberia. Hence, pair D is correctly matched.
  • It is the largest freshwater lake by volume.
  • It is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, many of them endemic to the region.

The correct answer is Gornaya Shoria – Cotton Textile.

Key Points

• Detroit
  • It is the largest city in the midwestern state of Michigan.
  • It is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
  • The "Big Three" auto manufacturers- General Motors, Ford, and Stellantis North America are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.
• Gornaya Shoria
  • It is a territory in southern Siberia, Russia.
  • The territory is mountainous.
  • It is rich in ores, and it is also part of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin.
  • The region is not associated with Cotton Textile. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.
• Anshan
  • It is a city in China.
  • The region is rich in minerals including iron ore, coal, magnesite, talcum and jade. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.
  • It is home to the Anshan Iron and Steel Group, one of the largest steel producers in China.
• Yokohama
  • It is the second-largest city in Japan by population.
  • It is the largest port city in the Greater Tokyo Area.
  • The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Hence, pair 4 is correctly matched.

The correct answer Banas

Key Points

• The Banas River is a tributary of the Chambal and is also known as ‘Van Ki Asha’ or ‘Hope of Forest’.
• This river originates in the Khamnor Hills of the Aravallis, near Kumbalgarh in Rajsamand District, and flows through the Mewar region.
• The major cities of Nathdwara, Jahanpur, and Tonk lie on the river. An important temple with many devout patrons called Thala ki Mataji near Deoli village in Bhilwara district also sits on the banks of Banas.
• Major tributaries include the right bank tributaries of Berach and Menali and the left bank tributaries of Kothari, Khari, Dai, Dheel River, Sohadara River, Morel, and Kalisil.
• The famous fortress city of Chittorgarh lies on this river and it multiplies the fortress’s beauty manifold.
  • The Banas is a seasonal river that dries up during the summer, but it is nonetheless used for irrigation.
  • The Bisalpur-Jaipur project (a dam across the Banas at Deoli, about 40 km from Tonk) was completed by the Government of Rajasthan in 2009 and it provides drinking water from the Banas to Jaipur city.

The correct answer A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)

Key Points

Mount Aconcagua

• Mount Aconcagua, on the Chilean border in west-central Argentina, is the highest point in both South America and the Western Hemisphere, but its precise elevation has been debated since the early 20th century.
• more than 6,000 feet, and by extension the highest point in both the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
  It is located in the Andes mountain range, Argentina.

Meseta

• Meseta Central, a great interior meseta (plateau) of the Iberian Peninsula, central Spain.
• With Madrid at its centre, it extends over 81,000 square miles (210,000 square km) and has an average elevation of 2,165 feet (660 meters).
• It constitutes the oldest and most complex geologic formation of the peninsula.
• Its western slope is gently inclined toward the Atlantic Ocean and forms the basin of the Duero, Tagus, and Guadiana rivers.

Serengeti Plains

• Serengeti ecosystem is a geographical region in Africa, spanning northern Tanzania.
• The protected area within the region includes approximately 30,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi) of land, including the Serengeti National Park and several game reserves.
• The Serengeti hosts the second largest terrestrial mammal migration in the world, which helps secure it as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa.

Gibson Desert

• The Gibson Desert is a large desert in Western Australia and is still largely in an almost "pristine" state.
• It is about 155,000 square kilometres (60,000 sq mi) in size, making it the fifth-largest desert in Australia, after the Great Victoria, Great Sandy, Tanami and Simpson desert.
• The Gibson Desert is both an interim Australian bioregion and desert ecoregion.

The correct answer Gas and water supply

Key Points

Index of Industrial Production (IIP)

• The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index that shows the growth rates in different industry groups of the economy in a fixed period of time.
• It is compiled and published monthly by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
• IIP is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups classified under:
  • Broad sectors, namely, Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity.
  • Use-based sectors, namely Basic Goods, Capital Goods, and Intermediate Goods.​
• The base year for IIP is 2011-2012.
• The eight core industries of India represent about 40% of the weight of items that are included in the IIP.
• Significance of IIP :
  • IIP is the only measure of the physical volume of production.
  • It is used by government agencies including the Ministry of Finance, the Reserve Bank of India, etc, for policy-making purposes.
  • IIP remains extremely relevant for the calculation of the quarterly and advance GDP estimates.

The correct answer Budget 2017 – 18

Key Points

• The government of India approved the merger of the Railway Budget with the General Budget on September 21, 2016.
• The practice of a separate budget for Railways was started in 1924.
• It was done on the recommendations of the Acworth Committee.
• At that time the railway budget constituted around 84% of the total budget and therefore it was recommended to separate it from the general budget.
• But with time budget of other ministries also started increasing and some of them even overtook the budget of Railways.
• In 2016 the railway budget shrank to almost 15% of the total budget and hence the idea to merge it with the general budget was proposed by the Union government in 2016.
  • The step to discard the British-era practice came after a committee comprising Bibek Debroy and Kishore Desai recommended the exercise be scrapped.​
• The Railway Budget was presented separately for 92 years. The merger offered more elbow room to the finance ministry for better allocation of resources.
  • It also facilitated multi-modal transport planning between railways, inland waterways, and highways.
• On February 1, 2017, the first combined budget was presented in parliament.

The correct answer Slogan of the scheme is 'Aapni Yojana Aapno Vikas'.

Key Points

Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyaan: Launched in 2018.

• It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
• It’s aimed at improving Panchayati raj bodies’ Governance capabilities for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
• The focus of the scheme is on the capacity building of elected representatives and functionaries. Hence option 3 is correct
• PM Modi launched this on National Panchayati Raj Day (April 24, 2018).
  • Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) is an upgraded version of Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA). Hence option 4 is correct.
• Main thrust: Convergence with Mission Antyodaya and emphasis on strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions in 117 Aspirational districts.
• It is an effort in the direction of achieving “Sabka Sath, Sabka Gaon, Sabka Vikas”. Hence option 1 is wrong.
• The RGSA helps more than 2.55 lakh Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) to develop governance capabilities through inclusive local governance with a focus on optimum utilization of available resources.
  • Priority will be given to subjects of national importance that affect the excluded groups the most, e.g. poverty, primary health services, nutrition, immunization, etc.
  • This scheme extends to all States and UTs of the country and will also include institutions of rural local government in non-Part IX areas, where Panchayats do not exist.
• Funding Pattern: The funding pattern for the State component will be 60:40 (sixty by the centre and 40 by the states) for all States, except North East and the Hill States where the Centre and State funding pattern will be in the ratio of 90:10. There would be a 100 per cent Central share in all UTs. Hence option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is ​National Health Authority.

Key Points

Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana -

• PMJAY is one of India’s most ambitious health sector schemes.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Abhiyaan, also known as Ayushman Bharat or the National Health Protection Mission (AB-NHPM) or Modicare, on 23 September 2018.
• It was launched as the National Health Protection Mission and renamed later.
• It is the largest government-funded health insurance scheme in the world.
• The scheme offers eligible families an insurance cover of Rs. 5 lakh per annum per family.
• This amount is intended to cover all secondary and most tertiary care expenditures incurred.
• There is no cap on family size and age under the scheme, to ensure that nobody is left behind.
• The National Health Authority or the NHA is responsible for implementing India’s flagship public health insurance/assurance scheme Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY). Hence option 1 is correct.
• NHA has been set up to implement the PM-JAY at the national level.
• National Health Authority is the successor of the National Health Agency, which was functioning as a registered society since 23 May 2018.

The correct answer is Jhalawar, Baran and Kota district.

Key Points

• Dam construction started in December 2017, after a green signal by then Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje.
• Parwan Dam Project is under construction dam project on the river Parban in Jhalawar District of Rajasthan.
• The dam to be built 120 km from Kota town in Akawad village of Jhalawar district was likely to submerge 10,000 hectares (ha), including more than 1,600 ha of forestland.
• The dam capacity of this project is 490 million cubic metres.
• After completion, 317 million cubic metres of water will be available for irrigation.
• Along with irrigation, this project will also provide 50 million cubic metres of water to quench the thirst of 1,821 villages of Baran, Jhalawar and Kota districts. Hence option 2 is correct.
• The thermal power generation of 2,970 MW will be achieved with 79 million cubic metres of the project.
• Services Provided -
  • Review of Geological & Geotechnical Reports
  • Design & Drawing of Dam, Intake & Appurtenant Works
  • Preparation of Technical Specification
  • Design & Drawing of Hydro-Mechanical works
  • Assistance for getting approvals from Central Water Commission.

Key Points
State flower of Rajasthan -

• In 1983, Rohida was declared as the State Flower of Rajasthan. Hence the correct answer is option 2.
• It is found mainly in the Thar Desert, it is also known as Marwar Teak.
• 'Tecomella undulata' is a hardy tree species locally known as Rohida.
• Rohida (its botanical name is Tecomella undulata) mainly rohida tree is that the main source of timber in Shekhawati and therefore the Marwar region of Rajasthan.
• Found in arid and semi-arid regions, this tree is of deciduous type. This tree is extremely useful for the stabilization of dunes.
• This medium-sized tree is the source of timer for families living in desert areas of Rajasthan, mainly Shekhawati and Marwar.
• It has adapted and stabilized itself to the sand dunes, arid weather and low as well as extremely high temperature.
• It bears flowers of three different colours namely red, yellow and orange.
• Image of Rohida flower -
  ​

Additional Information

Rajasthan State symbol -

• State Tree of Rajasthan - Khejri (Prosopis Cineraria)
• State Bird of Rajasthan - Godavan (Great Indian Bustard)
• State Animal of Rajasthan - Chinkara
• State Game of Rajasthan - Basketball
• State Dance of Rajasthan- Groomer

Key Points

• The full form of MOEMS is Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-Systems. Hence option 2 is correct.
• This is also known as optical MEMS.
• This is integrations of mechanical, optical, and electrical systems that involve sensing or manipulating optical signals at a very small size.
• MOEMS includes a wide variety of devices likes optical switch, optical cross-connect, tunable VCSEL, microbolometers.
• These devices are usually fabricated using micro-optics and standard micromachining technologies using materials like silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and gallium arsenide.
• This includes two major technologies, microelectromechanical systems and micro-optics.

Additional Information
Harvey C. Nathanson (October 22, 1936 – November 22, 2019) was an American electrical engineer who invented the first MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) device of the type now found in products ranging from iPhones to automobiles.

The correct answer is Brain.

Key Points

Japanese encephalitis virus -

• Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection.
• Japanese encephalitis is a virus in the flavivirus family. The Culex mosquito passes it on.
• Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Hence option 3 is correct.
• While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs.
• It is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia.
• Humans can get the disease a mosquito that carries the virus bites them.
• Symptoms include -
  • headache high fever, remorse, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, spastic paralysis
• Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) cannot transmit from one person to another.
• JEV is related to the viruses that cause St. Louis encephalitis and Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile virus, dengue fever, and yellow fever.
• Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can cause fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and, in some cases, death.
• The best ways to prevent Japanese encephalitis is through vaccination and insect repellent.

The correct answer is Multiple reflections of sound.

Key Points

Stethoscope -

• The stethoscope is an instrument used to listen to the heartbeat.
• The sound of heartbeat reaches the doctor's ears due to multiple reflections of sound, as it passes through the stethoscope. Hence option 2 is correct.
• The disc and the tube of the stethoscope amplify small sounds such as the sound of a patient's lungs, heart and other sounds inside the body, making them sound louder.
• The amplified sounds travel up the stethoscope's tube to the earpieces that the doctor listens through.
• When using a stethoscope, a doctor places its diaphragm on a patient's body.
• The diaphragm is the large round part of the chest piece.
• Heartbeats are of high pitch and travel at very high frequencies and this would cause a lot of pressure variation
• So it just undergoes multiple reflections. Inside the tube, there are multiple reflections, which tends to occur as a result of wave collision within the wall of a tube.
• Hence multiple reflections take place and continue till it reaches the ear tips.
• Stethoscopes basically work on the principle of multiple refractions of sound.
• For heartbeats, a Cardiology stethoscope is used.
• In this, there is a disc-shaped resonator placed against the skin and it contains two earplugs, it contains two ear tips and a bell.

The correct answer is A and D.

Key Points

Vitamin -

• In 1911, Casimir Funk isolated a concentrate from rice polishings that cured polyneuritis in pigeons.
• He named the concentrate “vitamin” because it appeared to be vital to life and because it was probably amino vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins -

• Fat-soluble vitamins are dissolved in fats.
• They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and are distributed through the body in the bloodstream.
• There are four types of fat-soluble vitamin, each of which offers different benefits -
  • Vitamin A is integral to bone formation, tooth formation, and vision. It contributes to immune and cellular function while keeping the intestines working properly.
  • Vitamin D aids in the development of teeth and bone by encouraging the absorption and metabolism of phosphorous and calcium.
  • Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps fight infection and keeps red blood cells healthy.
  • Vitamin K is central to blood clotting and also keeps bones healthy. Hence option 3 is correct.

Water-Soluble Vitamins -

• Water-soluble vitamins are those that are dissolved in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use.
• Because they are not stored in the body, they need to be replenished regularly in our diet.
  • Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
  • Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
  • Vitamin B3 (niacin)
  • Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
  • Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
  • Vitamin B7 (biotin)
  • Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid)
  • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Calculation:

Arithmetic mean of the numbers between 1 to 156 which are divisible by 2, 3, 4 and 6:

Arithmetic Mean = Sum of observations / Total number of observations

Firstly, take LCM of 2, 3, 4 and 6.

The LCM is 12.

So, we have to find the sum of all the numbers which are divisible by 12 between 1 and 156.

The numbers which are divisible by 12 between 1 and 156 are as follows:

Smallest number which is divisible by 12 between 1 and 156 is 12.

Largest number which is divisible by 12 between 1 and 156 is 144.

Sum= 12 +---------+144 = 12[1 + 2 + 3 + ---- 10 + 11 + 12]

Sum of n natural numbers= n(n+1)/2 where value of n is 12.

We get,

Sum = 12[12(12 + 1)/2] = 12(12 × 13/2) = (12 × 12 × 13)/2 = 936

Arithmetic Mean = Sum of observations/Number of observations

Here, sum of observations = 936

Here, number of observations = 12

Arithmetic Mean = 936/12 = 78

Hence, option 3 is correct.

Calculation:

When a die is rolled three times, the number of sample spaces obtained = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216

The number of favourable ways = ⁶C₃

Probability = Number of favourable cases/Total number of cases

So, the required probability = ⁶C₃/216 = (6!/(3! × 3!))/216 = 5/54

Hence, option 4 is correct.

Analyzing the given arguments

1. No, each individual knows how to protect his own life and it should be left to his discretion.→ It is not a strong argument. If an individual knows how to protect his own life then it does not mean that he should not wear a helmet and not follow the rules.

2. Yes, it is a rule and rules should be followed strictly by all.→ Yes, it is a strong argument because rules are meant to be followed strictly

3. Yes, it is necessity as the head is most sensitive/controlling organ, it should be protected by the helmet.→ Yes, it is a strong argument because Head is indeed a vital/delicate organ.

4. No, it does not ensure safety of the head.→ It is not a strong argument. The helmet ensures the safety of the head.

Hence, Only argument 2 and 3 are strong.

Courses of Action:

I. The government should set up an expert committee to study the trend of prices.→ Need to be taken to analyze and take measures on rising petrol prices.

So, only course 1 follows.

II. The government should immediately reduce taxes on petrol.→ No need as this will be a temporary solution.

III. The government should advise the general public to refrain from purchasing petrol for few weeks.→ No need as this will have no effect on the prices of petrol.

Hence, only Action 1 needs to be taken.

Correct option- 3

The pattern followed is,

Hence, "MDYNQE" is the correct answer.