Test: Analysis of Chemical Composition of Biomolecules - ACT MCQ

Lipids are actually triglycerides. A triglyceride consists of glycerol and fatty acids which are held together by ester linkages.

 Glucose+Galactose

1. Lactose is a disaccharide that breaks down into two saccharides, glucose and galactose on hydrolysis.
2. Both saccharides are joined by a beta glycosidic link.
3. It is a natural sugar found in milk in amounts ranging from 2 to 8%.
4. Lactose is a reducing sugar because it contains one free hemiacetal hydroxide.
5. Hence, it is the correct option.

The acid soluble pool has a roughly similar composition as that of cytoplasm. Biomolecules with molecular weights in the range of 18 — 800 Daltons come in the acid- soluble fraction (with the exception of lipids). Though, the macromolecules from cytoplasm and organelles represent the acid-insoluble fraction.

Galactose is a monosaccharide. When combined with glucose (monosaccharide), through a condensation reaction, the result is the disaccharide lactose. The hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose is catalyzed by the enzymes lactase and β-galactosidase.
Chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₆
Solubility in water: 650 g/L (20 °C)

• Elemental analysis gives the elemental composition of living tissues in the form of hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, carbon, etc.
• while analysis for compounds gives an idea of the kind of organic and inorganic constituents present in living tissues.

• Glucose: Glucose is the most common monomer of carbohydrates. It is a simple sugar that serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms.

• Carbohydrates are macromolecules made up of monosaccharide units, with glucose being the most common monomer.


• Glucose is a hexose sugar, meaning it has six carbon atoms, and is a crucial component in various biological processes.


• It is found in a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, and plays a vital role in providing energy for cellular functions.


• Glucose can be further processed and polymerized to form complex carbohydrates like starch, glycogen, and cellulose.


• Overall, glucose is essential for the proper functioning of the human body and serves as a fundamental building block for carbohydrates.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in our body. It is essential for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, where about 99% of the body's calcium is found. Calcium also helps the heart, nerves, muscles, and other body systems work properly. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made up of polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides consists of two groups: purine and pyrimidine.

Purine are adenine and guanine whereas pyrimidine are cytosine, thymine and uracil.

Fehling's solution is used to determine whether a carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone. Fehling's test can be used as a generic test for monosaccharides. Fehling's can be used to screen for glucose in urine, thus detecting diabetes.

Adenine is one of the two nucleobases of purine (the other being guanine)  used in the nucleotide production of nucleic acids. In DNA, adenine binds via two hydrogen bonds to thymine to help stabilize the structures of the nucleic acid. Adenine binds to uracil in RNA, which is used for protein synthesis.

Guanine is one of the four key nucleobases present in DNA and RNA nucleic acids, with adenine, cytosine, and thymine being the others. Guanine is combined with cytosine in DNA. The nucleoside of guanine is called guanosine.

The purines are a two fold ring structure while the pyrimidines are a single ring composed of carbon and nitrogen. 

Maltose has a free aldehyde group which can be oxidized to the acidic groups. Hence, maltose is a reducing sugar. Starch and Cellulose are polysaccharides.
They are comprised of multiple units of glucose linked together. The glucose in starch and cellulose does not contain a free aldehyde group and hence, starch and cellulose do not act as reducing sugars.
Similarly, sucrose is a disaccharide in which the aldehyde group of glucose is used up in forming a bond between glucose and fructose.
Hence, sucrose is also not a reducing sugar.

A nucleoside is a compound which contains nitrogen bases i.e., purines and pyrimidines attached with the sugar molecule. When nucleoside attached with phosphate ion is called as a nucleotide. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

• Role of Iron: Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells (RBC).



• Iron in RBC: The majority of the body's iron is found in hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.



• Iron Absorption: Iron is absorbed from the diet and then stored in the body, primarily in RBC, where it is utilized for oxygen transport.



• Iron Levels: Maintaining adequate iron levels in the body is important for overall health, as iron deficiency can lead to anemia and other health issues.



• Importance of RBC: Since RBC contain a significant amount of iron due to their role in oxygen transport, they are key in ensuring the body's iron balance and overall functioning.

An alpha helix is an element of secondary structure in which the amino acid chain is arranged in a spiral.

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The energy released by oxidation of organic molecules is transferred into high energy phosphate bonds of ATP, which can be readily utilised when a cell needs energy. One of the three phosphates of ATP is broken down to release energy. Thus, ATP is the intermediate energy transferring compound.