Test: SSC CGL Previous Year Questions: History (2023-20) - 7 - SSC CGL MCQ

1946. Cabinet Mission launched by the British government to discuss plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership. Members: Lord Patrick Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Stafford Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), A.V. Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty).

British Economic policies - Mercantile development (1757-1813) - Revenue collected from Bengal was used to nance exports to England. Industrial phase (1813-1858) - One-way trade ooded the Indian market with cheap, machine-made imports from newly industrialized Britain and Indian traders lost foreign markets. Financial phase (1860 onwards) - Converted India into a market for British manufacturers while still being a supplier of foodstuffs and raw materials.

Pitt's India Act (1784): passed in the British Parliament to rectify the defects of the Regulating Act 1773.

English, Higher. English Education Act (1835) was proposed by William Bentinck on the Advice of Macaulay. Reforms by William Bentick : The abolition of Sati, the suppression of female infanticide and Thuggee, the abolition of lawlessness, and the abolition of human sacrifices.

Government of India Act, 1935. The act proposed constitutional proposals and reforms and had many features which included the bicameral legislature, provincial autonomy, separate communal electorate and the creation of an all India federation.

Government Of India Act (1858): known as ‘Act of Good governance’. Abolished the Dual government scheme initiated due to Pitt’s India act. Ended controversial ‘Doctrine of Lapse’. The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors - transferred to the Secretary of State for India. The Viceroy and the governors of the various presidencies - appointed by the Crown.

Montagu - Chelmsford reforms. The purpose of this act was to ensure the representation of Indians in the administration of their country. At that time, Montagu - Secretary of State for India, Lord Chelmsford - Viceroy of India.

Simon Commission - It was appointed by the British Government in 1927 under the chairmanship of John Simon (other members were Pathick Lawrence and Clement Atlee) to review the workings of Government of India (GOI) Act, 1919 and suggest measures.

1720. The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe, along with the spices, came to be called "calico". Calico Act , Reason - Textile makers in England were Unable to compete with Indian textiles. Highest cotton producing state (Gujarat).

Pitt’s India Act, 1784 established the dual system of control by the British government and the East India Company. The Company became a subordinate department of the State and its territories in India were termed ‘British possessions’. In this act members of the Executive Council were reduced to 3, and the Governor-General served as its commander in chief.

Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 by Lord Ripon. It allowed senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The bill was enacted by the Indian Legislative Council on Jan. 25, 1884. It was written by Sir Courtenay Pergine Ilbert.

Hyderabad. In this system, an Indian ruler had to maintain British troops in his state, either by giving some of his territories or by paying for the maintenance of the troops. It was first introduced by the French East India Company Governor Joseph Francois Dupleix, Later used by Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of India (1798 to 1805).

Industrial disputes Act 1947. The Rowlatt Act 1919 authorized the arrest, for 2 years without trial, of any person suspected of terrorism living in British India. Indian Council acts (1861, 1892, and 1909). Charter Acts (1793, 1813, 1833, and 1853).

On 28 September 1929, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, xed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. In 1949, after India's independence, it was amended to 15 for girls, and in 1978 to 18 for girls and 21 for boys

Lord Lytton organized a durbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. This was the culmination of the transfer of control of British India from the East India Company to the Crown.

Indian Councils Act, 1892. The act made a limited and indirect provision for the use of election in filling up some of the nonocial seats both in the Central and provincial legislative councils.

In 1858 (the year the British took over administrative control of India from the East India Company) the oce of the first Accountant General was established in India. In 1860 Sir Edward Drummond was appointed as the first Auditor-General.

Khilafat Committee. Formed to defend the powers of the Ottoman Caliph which was restricted by the Treaty of Sevres after World War I. Leaders - Mohammed Ali, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani.

All India Muslim League supported the move for partition of Bengal. Founders of All India Muslim League are Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Aga Khan III, Khwaja Salimullah, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Waqar-ul-Mulk. It was founded on 30 December 1906.

Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) - Salt Satyagraha (12 March 1930 - 6 April 1930) - Started from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi Beach. A distance of about 375 km was covered for breaking the salt law.

Mahatma Gandhi. Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919): A nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). Rowlatt Act was based on the Sedition Committee. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. In Rowlatt Satyagraha Gandhiji tried to utilize the home rule league.

1869. Mahatma Gandhi: Born on 2nd October (observed as International Day of Non-violence). He came back to India on 9th January (celebrated as ‘NRI day’ or ‘Pravasi Bhartiya Divas’ since 2003) 1915 from South Africa. Some Satyagraha movements by Gandhiji: Champaran satyagraha (1917), Kheda satyagraha (1918), Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918).

Bhimrao Ambedkar. Poona Pact (24 september 1932) was signed in Yerwada central Jail in Pune during the time of Lord Willington. It provides the depressed classes with the reservation of the electoral seats in British India Parliament.

Rajkumar Shukla. Champaran Satyagrah (1917) : Gandhiji was requested to look into the problems of the farmers in the context of indigo planters of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters were forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called the Tinkathia system).

Champaran Satyagraha (1917). The first satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Delhi. In early 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee was formed under the leadership of the Ali brothers (Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani, to force the British Government to change its attitude to Turkey.

Hunter Commission was appointed by the British Government. The Hunter Commission came to India in 1919 under the leadership of William Hunter to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. 1600 Indian civilians were killed in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, for which General Dyer was responsible. Another Hunter Commission was on Indian Education, prepared in 1882 by William Wilson Hunter.

Kushal Konwar. Facts of Quit India Movement - The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. ‘Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo 'slogan was given in this movement . Gandhiji gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’; It is also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt. They threw bomb against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill which would reduce the civil liberties of citizens. They were members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. On 23rd March, 1931 Bhagat Singh was hanged in the Lahore jail at the age of 23.

Madame Cama : She is famous for hosting the precursor to the Indian National Flag on foreign soil (Stuttgart in Germany).