BPSC Practice Test- 6 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

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• SDR was introduced by the IMF in 1969 as an international reserve asset for the member countries .
• The value of the SDR was linked with the value of Gold.
• The gold system was abandoned  in 1973 and now the value of SDR is linked with a basket of currencies.
• The basket of currencies includes ,US Dollar, Great Britain Pound,   Euro, Chinese Renminbi, and Japanese Yen.
• The IMF has increased India’s SDR quota to 12.57 billion. It is equivalent to $17.86 billion at the latest exchange rate

• Patna news was published by the Government during the Quit India Movement.
• The Quit India movement was a mass civil disobedience against British rule, launched on 8 August 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi 
• Bihar was one of the major centers of the movement which saw seven students leading a protest rally in Patna getting killed in firing ordered by the then city magistrate WC Archer, while they were heading to hoist the tricolor on top of the secretariat building.

Other Important Information

• The Quit India Movement is one of India’s most important freedom struggle movements that led to the end of British rule in India. 
• On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Quit India Movement or Bharat Chodo Aandolan from Bombay. 
• Gandhiji gave the slogan “Do or Die” in his speech at the Gwalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan in Mumbai.
• The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally who was a socialist and also a trade unionist. He also served as Mayor of Mumbai. He also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”.

Some of the popular leaders who participated in the Quit India Movement were:

• Aruna Asif Ali: Also known as Grand Old Lady of India, she unfurled the tricolour at Gwalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.
• Ram Manohar Lohia
• Usha Mehta
• Biju Patnaik
• Sucheta Kriplani
• Jai Prakash Narayan
• Muslim League, the Communist Party of India and the Hindu Mahasabha did not support the movement.

BIHAR-:

• In the north of Bihar is the country of Nepal and in the east is West Bengal, in the west is Uttar Pradesh and in the south is the state of Jharkhand.
• To the north of Bihar lies the country of Nepal.
• Bihar is bordered by Nepal: West Champaran, East Champaran, Sitamarhi, Madhubani, Supaul, Araria and Kishanganj.
• The length of the India-Nepal international border is about 1750 km.
• This boundary line passes through states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarakhand and Sikkim, the length of the border with Bihar alone is 720 km.
• To the west of Bihar is the state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in 2000 to form a new state.
• Jharkhand meets Rohtas Aurangabad Gaya Nawada Jamui Banka Bhagalpur and Katihar district of Bihar
• The state of Bihar came into existence only after the partition of Bengal.
• Kishanganj of Bihar meets the border of Purnia and Katihar districts of West Bengal.
• On the western border of Bihar is the state of Uttar Pradesh
• 8 districts of Bihar are adjacent to the border of Uttar Pradesh
• The districts of Bihar which are adjacent to the border of Uttar Pradesh include West Champaran, Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran, Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur and Rohtas districts.

India neighbors-:

• India shares its border with only seven countries.
• India's neighboring countries are Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan and Afghanistan.
• While India's maritime neighbors are Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia.
• Sri Lanka is India's nearest neighbor across the ocean.
• The Palk Strait separates India from Sri Lanka.
• Our second nearest neighbor is Indonesia.

Indian States/Union Territories touching the border of neighboring countries of India-:

• Pakistan-:Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• China-:Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
• Myanmar-:Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
• Bangladesh-:Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya and West Bengal
• Nepal-:Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal
• Bhutan-:Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh

States/Union Territories of India surrounded by neighboring countries of India-:

• Sikkim-:Surrounded by Nepal, China and Bhutan.
• West Bengal-:Nepal is surrounded by Bhutan and Bangladesh.
• Ladakh-:China is surrounded by Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The Garo, Khasi Jaintia, Naga and Mizo hills together form the Purvanchal range.
Meghalaya Plateau or Shillong Plateau

• The Shillong plateau is not an independent plateau, but it is a part of the plateau of peninsular India.
• Although the location of the Shillong plateau is close to the Himalayas, it is actually an eastern extension of the Rajmahal hill.
• An extensive part of the Peninsular Plateau is also visible to the northeast, locally known as the Meghalaya or Shillong Plateau, also known as the Karbi-Anglong Plateau or the North Cachar Hills.
• The Shillong plateau consists of five hills – Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Mikir and Rengma.
• The Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills included in the Shillong plateau are located in the state of Meghalaya.
• Mikir and Rengma hills are located in the state of Assam under the Shillong plateau.
• Nokrek, the highest peak of the Shillong plateau, is situated under the Garo hill.
• The sequence of hills from west to east is Garo-Khasi-Jaintia-Naga.
• The Garo, Khasi hills comprise the Shillong plateau of Meghalaya.
• The Purvanchal range mainly includes the Patkai, Barail, Manipur, Mizoram and Naga Hills hills.
• The plateau is mainly composed of Dharvarian (Archaean) quartzite, Nice, schist and granite.
• Its average altitude is 1500 meters above sea level.
• To the north of this plateau is the Brahmaputra basin.
• The Surma River enters this plateau from Assam and meets the Meghna River in Bangladesh.

Zaskar mountain range-:

• Zaskar mountain range 80º BC. It is separated from the Great Himalayas by a line of longitude and is situated parallel to the Great Himalayas.
• The Ladakh mountain range, located to the north of this range, runs parallel to this range. The average height of the Jaskar mountain range is 5800 m. but only a few of its peaks are 6000 m. are higher than
• 'Nanga Parbat' is the highest peak of this mountain range, whose height is 8126 m. is |
• The length of this mountain range is about 300 km. 

Karakoram mountain range:- 

• It is the northernmost mountain range in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains.
• This mountain range forms India's border with Afghanistan and China.
• It ranges from Pamir in the west to 800 km in the east.
• The average width of this mountain range is 120-140 km.
• Many high peaks are located here, some of which have a height of more than 8000 m. 
• The second highest mountain peak of the world is located in the Indian region, 'K-2' is found in the Karakoram mountain range.
• The British have named 'K-2' peak 'Godwin Austin' and the Chinese have named it 'Kogir'.

Because the soft plate is nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
Related points-
The functions of the respiratory system are:-

• Oxygen supplier. The job of the respiratory system is to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen.
• Elimination. Elimination of carbon dioxide.
• Gas exchange. The respiratory system organs oversee the gas exchanges that occur between the blood and the external environment.
• Passageway. Passageways that allow air to reach the lungs.
• Humidifier. Purify, humidify, and warm incoming air.

Lemon juice is put into pure water in order to pass electricity through it.
This is because pure water is a poor conductor of electricity.

IMPORTANT FACTS -

• Water containing minerals and salt conduct electricity.
• Distilled water does not conduct electricity.
• Solution of acids and bases conduct electricity.
• Air is a bad conductor of electricity but in case of thunderstorms and lightning it carries electric charges through it.

OPTIONS EXPLANATION
Kerosene oil and Sugar are poor conductors of electricity.  

Electric current does not flow between two charged objects connected together, if they are at the same potential.
IMPORTANT FACTS –
Equipotential surface :

• Any surface over which the potential is constant is called an equipotential surface
• the potential difference between any two points on an equipotential surface is zero.
• Work done in moving a charge over an equipotential surface is zero .
  

IMPORTANT FACTS

• An ordinary bill passed by both the Houses can be withheld by the President or returned for reconsideration. If it comes to the President after being passed again by both the houses, then it is mandatory for the President to give his assent.
• The President can either give his assent or withhold the money bill. Under the Constitution, a money bill cannot be returned to the House for reconsideration by the President. If he does not give approval within 14 days, he is deemed to have passed.
• The President cannot return the Constitution amendment bill for reconsideration and the President has no veto power in relation to it. The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971 made it mandatory for the President to give his assent to the Constitutional Amendment Bill.

The Attorney General is appointed by the President on the advice of the government.
Important Facts

• The Attorney General of India (AG) is a part of the executive body of the Union. 
• AG is the highest law officer of the country.
• Article 76 of the Constitution provides for the office of the Attorney General of India.
• He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court .
• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should have five years experience of serving as a Judge of a High Court.
• Or 10 years experience of practice in a High Court.
• In the opinion of the President, he should be a person capable of judicial matters.
• Term of Office: Not fixed by the Constitution.
• Venugopal was appointed as the 15th Attorney General of India in the year 2017.
• He replaced Mukul Rohatgi who was Attorney General from 2014-2017.

The governments of Himachal and Haryana on 21st January 2022, signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for the construction of a dam on 77 acres in Himachal near the Adi Badri area of Yamunanagar for the revival of the Saraswati river.

• The MoU was signed at Panchkula by the Chief Secretaries of both states in presence of Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur and his Haryana counterpart Manohar Lal Khatar.
• The project would be useful for Himachal Pradesh as 3.92 hectare metre water per annum would be earmarked for the state for drinking purpose and 57.96 hectare metre for irrigation in the project affected habitations.
• The dam would not only be used primarily for the revival of the Saraswati river but also for water conservation in the region.
• Of the total proposed area, 31.16 hectares fall in Himachal Pradesh (0.67 hectares of private landowners and 30.49 hectares of forestland).
• The dam would get 224 hectare metre water from the Somb river of Himachal that falls into the Yamuna near Adi Badri in Yamunanagar district.
• The HPPCL(Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited) would be the executing agency for the Adi Badri dam and its related infrastructure.
• The project when completed would open avenues for tourism and also recharge groundwater.

• Asia's oldest and world's third oldest football tournament called Durand Cup was held in Kolkata from September 5 to October 21, 2021.
• The Durand Cup was organized a year later due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
• The tournament was organized in association with All India Football Federation (AIFF), IFA (West Bengal) and Government of West Bengal.
• This year the 130th edition of Durand Cup was held.

Durand Cup Winner-:

• FC Goa won the first Durand Cup football trophy
• FC Goa won their maiden Durand Cup football title 1-0 by defeating Mohammedan Sporting in the final held at Vivekananda Yuva Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata.
• FC Goa captain Eduardo Bedia scored the most important goal in the 105th minute after the final match went into extra time.

Durand Cup-:

• It is the oldest football tournament in India.
• The prestigious tournament was first held in Dagshai (Himachal Pradesh) in 1888 and was named after Mortimer Durand, who was then the Foreign Secretary in charge of India.

• When a body is taken from the equator of two poles its weight increase because of the acceleration due to gravity increases.
• The rotation of the earth about its own axis also produces a force on the body. This effect will further reduce the weight of the body. So due to both these affects the weight of the body. 
• If the earth suddenly stops rotating about its axis, there is no effect of centrifugal force on the gravitational acceleration. So, the value of gravitational will be the same in all places.

• Skeleton is a structure of bones that is hard and gives movement to many parts of the body.
• These give support to the body.
• The main parts of the skeleton are:
  • Skull - box giving protection to the human mind which starts from
• brain and ends at the spinal cord.
  • Ribs - these cover lungs and heart,
  • Bones of shoulder and hips
• The total number of bones in our body is 206.

Explanation:

• The three major components of bone are minerals, cells, and an organic extra-cellular matrix i.e. collagen fibers.
• The main bulk of bone is approximately 70% mineral and 30% organic components by weight.
• The mineral salt of bone is mainly calcium phosphate.

​​Thus, calcium phosphate salt is found in maximum quantity in bones.

There were 3 Mahajanpadas in Bihar which are:

• Magadha
• Anga
• Vajji

Key Points
There were 16 Mahajanpadas during 600 B.C. to 300 B.C.in Indian sub-continents.

• Anga
• Assaka
• Avanti
• Chedi
• Gandhara
• Kamboja
• Kasha
• Kosala
• Kuru
• Magadha
• Malla
• Matsya
• Panchala
• Surasena
• Vajji
• Vatsya  

ANGA Kingdom

• It is mentioned for the 1st time in Atharvaveda.
• It contained present-day Khagaria, Bhagalpur, and Munger.
• It was situated to the north-east of the Magadha Empire.
• Champa was the capital.

VAJJI Kingdom

• It consisted of eight clans.
• Most important clans were - Licchavi, Videha and Jnatrika.
• It was located in Northern India.
• Vaishali was the capital.

​MAGADHA Kingdom

• It is mentioned for the 1st time in Atharvaveda.
• It extended from the Ganga in the north to Vindhyas in the south, Champa in the east to river Sone on the west.
• Its capital was Girivraja or Rajgir which was surrounded by hills on all sides by ��ve hills.
• Later the capital was shifted to Patliputra.

Palas:

• ​Pala dynasty was founded by Gopala in 750 AD, who was a chieftain earlier but later became the king of Bengal as Modern Bihar was under the control of Palas of Bengal.
• In fact, he was the first Buddhist king of Bengal. He had established his dominance after the Gauda dynasty lost their stronghold in Kamarupa. When he died, Bengal and most of the part of Bihar was under his control.
• Gopala is credited with constructing a monastery at the Odantapuri in Bihar.
• Dharmapala succeeded Gopala. He ruled for a period of 770-810 AD. The Palas became the most powerful kingdom in Northern and Eastern India during his reign.
• He fought a prolonged war against the Gurjar Pratihara and Rashtrakutas. Despite his humiliating defeat against the Gurajara Pratihara King Nagabhatta II, he managed to salvage the pride of the Pala Empire and extended his kingdom to the entire Bengal and Bihar. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Dharmapala, a pious Buddhist king founded Vikramshila University, which was a renowned centre of Buddhism studies in India. The university is located at Kahalgaon in Bhagalpur, Bihar.
• Dharmapala was succeeded by Devapala. He extended his kingdom to Assam, Odisha and Kamarupa. During his reign, Pala armies carried out a very successful campaign.
• After Devapala, many lesser-known kings sat on the throne. Then Mahipala became the king of Pala kingdom. He ruled the kingdom from 995 AD to 1043 AD. Known as the second founder of the Pala Dynasty, he recovered all the lost territories of the Pala Empire.

Railways in Bihar 

• Bihar has three railway lines, 
  • North-Eastern Railway - North Bihar 
  • East Central Railway - South Bihar
  • North-East Frontier Railway - North-East Bihar
• The headquarters of the East Central Railway is located in Hajipur in the Vaishali district of Bihar.
• The share of broad gauge lines in Bihar is 84%, compared to 87% for the whole of India.
• The Rail Route Density per 1000 sq. km is 38 km in Bihar, compared to 20 km in all India.
• However, only a 0.04 km rail route exists in Bihar per thousand population.

• In the proposed budget on 1 February 2022, more funds have been allocated for the development of the city in Bihar. As a result of which 263 municipal bodies of the state will get benefit bodies. 
• The general budget has opened new doors of hope for Bihar backward in terms of urbanization.
• The state government has almost doubled the number of cities in the last year, now the central government has taken a big step for the development of these small towns.
• Its benefits will be definitely seen in the coming days.
• In the year 2020, there were only 143 urban bodies in the state, which has now increased to 263.
• The number of Municipal corporations has also increased from 12 to 19.
• The number of Nagar Parishads has increased to 89 and the number of Nagar Panchayats to 155 which will benefit urban development.

• ‘Dak Karmayogi’, an e-learning portal of the Department of Posts was launched by Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in New Delhi on 28 June 2022.
• This portal will enhance the competencies of about four lakh Gramin Dak Sevaks and departmental employees.
• It will enable all the trainees to access the uniform standardized training content online or in blended campus mode.

Key Points

• Young Italy, Italian Giovine Italia, a movement founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831 to work for a united, republican Italian nation.
• Attracting many Italians to the cause of independence, played an important role in the Risorgimento (struggle for Italian unification).
• Young Italy was to be based on the moral and spiritual revival of the Italian people; it was to have a popular character and educate the people in their political role.
• Young Italy spread rapidly in northern Italy (in Liguria and in Piedmont), where a high literacy rate made the possible wide distribution of the society’s publication, but it always remained a middle-class movement.

Thus, the 'Young Italy' was formed by Giuseppe Mazzini.

• Lala Lajpat Rai said "Lathi blows to me will prove to be like coffin nails for British imperialism".
• On October 30, 1928, to boycott the arrival of the members of the Simon Commission in Lahore, a peaceful procession, headed by Lajpat Rai was launched.
• Lala Lajpat Rai died on November 17, 1928, after suffering grievous injuries during a lathi charge carried out by the police.
• Lala Lajpat Rai immensely contributed to attaining the independence of the nation.

Nitrogen is used for manufacturing of ammonia.

OPTIONS EXPLANATION

• Oxygen – supporter of combustion and used for respiration by living organisms.
• Chlorine- it is used for bleaching, sterilizing water, manufacturing chlorine compounds.
• Iodine- It is used as an antiseptic in tincture of iodine, used for preparing iodized common salt.

IMPORTANT POINTS 

• Non metal tend to gain electrons to form corresponding anions.
• Non-metals act as an oxidizing agent
• Non-metal react with oxygen to form oxides. Oxides of non-metals are either neutral or acidic.
• Non-metal react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides. 
• Hydrides of non metal may be acidic, neutral or basic in nature.
• Non-metal do not displaces hydrogen from acids.

Godfrey Hounsfield, a biomedical engineer contributed enormously towards the diagnosis of neurological and other disorders by virtue of his invention of the computed axial tomography scan.
Options explanation

• In 1932, Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear science. 
• Marie Salomea Skłodowska Curie was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
• William Harvey was an English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology.

Confusing points

• Medical professionals use computed tomography, also known as CT scan, to examine structures inside your body. A CT scan uses X-rays and computers to produce images of a cross-section of your body.

Important points

• Sometimes, scan uses a contrast agent. This contrast agent, sometimes called a dye, improves the images by highlighting certain features.
• Healthcare provider will either have you drink a special liquid containing the contrast agent or give you an IV injection with the contrast or both depending on the type of CT scan and the reason for the scan. 
• The contrast agent is cleared from your body through your urine, first rapidly then more slowly over the next 24 hours.

The study of animal anatomy is called Zootomy. 
Options explanation

• Protozoology-   Study of protozoa or the unicellular organisms
• Ichthyology-   Study of Fishes
• Zoography (Descriptive Zoology)-  Study of animals and their respective habitats

Options explanation

• Ichthyology-   Study of Fishes
• Mammalogy [Alsocalled Mastology]- Study of Mammals
• Morphology      Study of form and specific structures of animal organisms

Confusing points

• Anatomy, a field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Gross anatomy involves the study of major body structures by dissection and observation and in its narrowest sense is concerned only with the human body.
• The study of anatomy dates back more than 2,000 years, to the Ancient Greeks. There are three broad areas:
• human anatomy
• animal anatomy — zootomy
• plant anatomy — phytotomy

Important points

• Gross anatomy,, In medicine, gross, macro, or topographical anatomy refers to the study of the biological structures that the eye can see. In other words, a person does not need a microscope to see these features.
• The study of gross anatomy may involve dissection or noninvasive methods. The aim is to collect data about the larger structures of organs and organ systems.
• Microscopic anatomy, also known as histology, is the study of cells and tissues of animals, humans, and plants. These subjects are too small to see without a microscope.

Bihar Land Reform Act 1950 was enacted.
IMPORTANT FACT

• Land reform refers to efforts to improve the ownership and regulation of land in India. Or, those lands which are redistributed by the government from the landholders to the landless people for agriculture or special purpose is known as land reform.
• Through this act the Government of Bihar legally abolished the interests of landlords and tenants (in land as well as in trees, forests, fisheries, markets, mines and minerals) and vested these interests in the state.
• In the first phase (May-September 1952) of the implementation of the Act, only 155 zamindars were affected. Then in 1954 the Act was amended to facilitate 'faster implementation'. at any time after 1 January 1946 had taken advance action by reducing or removing rents as well as transferring or fracturing its interests to circumvent the provisions of the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950.
• on their holdings .The Act was again amended in 1959 to remove the deficiencies.

• Zakir Hussain was the principal and educationist of Jamia Millia College.
• Dr. S. Radhakrishnan served as the U.S.S.R. from 1949 to 1952. (U.S.S.R.) was the Ambassador of India.
• V.V. Giri was the Indian High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from 1947 to 1951.
• K R. Narayanan was also India's Ambassador to China (1976–78).
• B.D. Jatti was the fifth Vice President of India, serving from 1974 to 1979.
• G. S. Pathak was the fourth Vice President of India from August 1969 to August 1974.

Thus, option (2) is the correct answer in the given options.
Some Important Points 

• The Vice-President is elected according to the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
• First Vice President of India Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Mohd. Hamid Ansari was elected Vice President for two terms.
• Two Vice Presidents, V.V. Giri and R. Venkataraman were elected as President even before completing their term.
• Krishnakant was the Vice President of India, who died during his term of office.
• Vice President Bhairon Singh Shekhawat resigned from his post even before the completion of the term due to the loss of the Presidential election.

A remark by a Hindi actor to the effect that Hindi is the national language of India has recently sparked controversy over the language's status under the Constitution.
IMPORTANT FACTS -
What is the status of Hindi in the constitution?

• Under Article 343 A of the Constitution, the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
• The international form of Indian numerals will be used for official purposes.

Constituent Assembly debate

• The supporters of Hindi were insisting that English is the language of slavery and it should be abolished at the earliest.
• The opponents were against the abolition of English as they feared that Hindi might dominate in areas where Hindi is not spoken.
• There was a demand to make Sanskrit the official language, while some argued in favour of 'Hindustani'.
• It was decided that the Constitution would talk only of 'Official Language'.
• English will continue to be used for a period of 15 years.
• The Constitution states that after 15 years, Parliament may by law decide on the use of English and as Devanagari for specified purposes.

What is the Eighth Schedule?
The Eighth Schedule lists the languages of the country.

• Initially, there were 14 languages in the schedule, but now there are 22 languages.
• There is no description of the type of languages to be included in the Eighth Schedule.
• The Official Languages Act, 1963 was passed in anticipation of the end of the 15-year period during which the Constitution originally permitted the use of English for official purposes.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz co-chaired the 6th edition of the India-Germany Inter-Governmental Consultations-IGC in Berlin.
IMPORTANT FACTS- 

• The two leaders highlighted key aspects of bilateral relations as well as shared perspectives on regional and global issues.
• He also invited German participation in India's Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
• It was the Prime minister's first IGC with Chancellor Scholz and also the first government-to-government consultation of the new German government, which took office in December 2021.
• The biennial IGC is a unique dialogue format with the participation of several ministers from both sides.
• Earlier, Prime Minister Modi held bilateral discussions with the German Chancellor.
• The two leaders reviewed the full range of bilateral relations between India and Germany, including promoting trade as well as cultural ties.

Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel has launched  "Mukhyamantri Mitan Yojana"  , which will be implemented on a pilot basis in 14 municipal corporations including cities like Raipur, Durg, Bilaspur and Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh. 
IMPORTANT FACTS

• Through this scheme, all  government services such as citizen's caste certificate, residence certificate, ration card, etc.  documents will be delivered directly to the homes of citizens by the government.
• Under the Mukhyamantri Mitan Yojana, assistant friends will be deployed by the government, who will go to the house of the people and complete all the formalities.
• An initial provision of Rs 10 crore has been made by the government for the operation of this scheme.
• To get the benefit of this scheme, citizens have  to contact a helpline number 14545.

• Tamil Nadu  Governor RN Ravi has  sent a bill to the Union Home Ministry to abolish the NEET exam in the state.
• The Bill will be sent to Rashtrapati Bhavan by the Ministry of Home Affairs  for the assent of the President  .

Important facts:

• However, even before this, a bill was passed in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly to free the state from the NEET examination.
• But it was returned by the Governor.
• The state of Tamil Nadu is witnessing a tussle between the elected government and the state governor over the question of approving the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) Bill passed by the state assembly.

Governor in the Constitutional System of India:

• The Governor is appointed by the President.
• However, under Article 154(1) of the Constitution,  the executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either by himself or by officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.
• The Governor can act only on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
• The Governor is only the constitutional head of the state and the executive power of the state is exercised by the Council of Ministers.

Option before the Governor in the matter of assent to a Bill:

• The assent of the Governor or the President is necessary for a bill to become a law.
• Article 200 of the Constitution   provides four options for the Governor when a bill is passed by the legislature-
  • The governor can give his assent directly.
  • The governor can withhold his assent.
  • He can also reserve it for the consideration of the President.
  • He can return the bill to the legislature with a request to reconsider the bill or any particular provision of the bill.
• If the legislature re-passes the bill without accepting any of the amendments suggested by the governor, it is constitutionally bound to assent to the bill.