BPSC Practice Test- 7 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

• Burning of paper and digestion of food are examples of chemical change.
• Chemical changes are permanent in nature and results in the formation of new products.
• Physical changes are temporary in nature and does not result in the formation of any new product.
• A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity.

Key points:-

• The five conditions of chemical change: colour change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odour change, temperature change.
• A chemical change is a change that brings a change in the chemical properties of matter and a new substance is formed.
• Growth of a plant, rusting of iron, cooking of food, digestion of food, and burning the candle are chemical changes because here is the chemical composition of the substance changes.

• The composition of natural gas is chiefly methane (> 90%) with traces of ethane and propane.
• Methane is a colourless, odourless gas with a wide distribution in nature.
• It is the principal component of natural gas.
• Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4.
• It is a group the simplest alkane and the main constituent of natural gas.

Key points:-

• Methane, colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.
• It is only slightly soluble in water.
• Methane is an important source of hydrogen and some organic chemicals.

According to the question,
Initial quantity of milk = (55/11) × 7 = 35
And initial quantity of water = (55/11) × 4 = 20
After some quantity of water (x) is added to this mixture , 
So ratio of milk : water becomes  7 : 6
⇒ 35/(20+x) =7/6
⇒ 210 = 140 + 7x
⇒ 7x = 70
⇒ x = 70/7 litres
⇒ x = 10 litres.
Hence, option(2) is the correct answer.

According to the given information-
Present average age of 4 boys (9+5) = 14 years.
Sum of Present ages of the 4 boys = 14 × 4 = 56 years
Present sum of ages of the 5 boys = 15 × 5= 75 years
Present age of the new boy ⇒ (75−56) = 19 years
Present age of the new boy = 19 years.
Hence, option(4) is the correct answer.

KEY POINTS:-

• The aorta begins at the top of the left ventricle the heart's muscular pumping chamber.
• The aortic arch curves over the heart and transports the oxygenated blood to the head, neck, and arms.
• The pulmonary artery provides deoxygenated blood to both lungs.
• The inferior or posterior vena cava carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body into the right atrium of the heart.

The maximum number of members of the Rajya Sabha is 250, out of which 238 are elected and 12 are nominated by the President of India.
Rajya Sabha 

• The Rajya Sabha or the Council of States is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.
• The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions, and unlike the Lok Sabha, being the lower house of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, which is the upper house of Parliament, is not subject to dissolution.
• The term of the members elected to the Rajya Sabha is six years.
• However, every other year, one-third of the members retire and new admissions take place.
• Thus, the House is never vacant and hence it is called 'Permanent House'.
• According to Article 80 of the Indian Constitution, the maximum number of members in the Rajya Sabha was fixed at 250.

NPP stands for 'National Population Policy'.
Important Points:-

• National Population Policy formulated in the year 2000, reaffirms the Government’s commitment towards voluntary and informed choice, target free approach and achievement of replacement level of fertility by simultaneously addressing the issues of contraception, maternal health and child survival.
• The National Family Planning Programme of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is guided by the tenets of the National Population Policy 2000 and oversees its implementation. 
• Under this program the service delivery data is triangulated and further the program is regularly reviewed through annual review meetings, supportive supervision visits, common review missions etc. 

The export of agricultural products to the North-East region has increased by more than 85 percent in the last six years.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• According to the Commerce and Industry Ministry the export has reached over 17 million dollars in 2021-22 from 2.52 million dollar in 2016-17.
• The major destinations of exports have been Bangladesh, Bhutan, Middle East, UK and European countries.
• There has been a significant increase in the export of agricultural products from the northeastern states like Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Meghalaya.
• In the last three years, Agricultural and Processed Food Products Development and Authority (APEDA) has conducted 136 capacity building programs on export awareness in different parts of the North Eastern Region.
• APEDA organised a conference on Export Potential of Natural, Organic and Geographical Indications (GI) agricultural products in Guwahati on 24 June.

This movement, centered around Patna, was an Islamic revivalist movement, with an emphasis on condemning any change in the original Islam and returning to its original spirit.
Important Facts 

• The Wahabi movement was led by Syed Ahmed Barelvi.
• Wahhabi means disciple of Abdul Wahab of Najid (Arab).
• He appointed four khalifas or spiritual vice-presidents from among those belonging to the Sadiqpur family of Patna .
  • Maulvis Vilayat Ali
  • Inayat Ali
  • Shah Mohammed Hussain
  • Abdullah
• The movement had been active since the 1830s, but in the wake of the 1857 rebellion, it turned into armed resistance, a jihad against the British.
• Subsequently, the British branded the Wahhabis as traitors and rebels and launched a massive military campaign against the Wahhabis.
• After 1870 this movement was completely suppressed. 
• The British also introduced the word "sedition" into the Indian Penal Code 1870 , which outlawed speech that tended  to "excite disaffection towards the government established by law in India". Thus this movement marks the beginning of sedition law in India.

• The Bhumij rebellion started in 1832 AD under the leadership of Ganga Narayan. Its influence remained in the areas of Birbhum and Singhbum.
• The rebellion was the result of the complaints of the Bhumij against the Birbhum (Badabhum) king, police officers, munsifs, salt inspectors, and other dikkus.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:
Factors Affecting Wind Motion-:
Wind direction and speed are affected by

• Pressure Gradient Force
• Coriolis effect or Coriolis force
• Centripetal Acceleration
• Land Friction
• Gravitational Force of the Earth

Air-:

• The horizontal movement of air is called wind.
• Wind is caused by the horizontal difference in atmospheric pressure. 
• As water flows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas, air flows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.

Pressure Gradient Force-:

• The difference in the horizontal distribution of atmospheric pressure causes winds to flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
• The rate of change of pressure per unit distance is called the pressure gradient and the force applied by the pressure gradient to drive the winds is known as the pressure gradient force.
• The greater the pressure gradient and its force, the greater the speed of the wind.

Land Friction-:

• They cause friction and blockage in the winds of the Earth's surface and affect their speed and direction.
• Land features such as mountains, plateaus and valleys cause changes in the speed and direction of winds.
• At an altitude of 2 to 3 km above the Earth's surface, the winds are free from frictional effects and are controlled by the pressure gradient and the Coriolis force.

Ferrel's law-:

• According to Ferrel's law, the winds in the Northern Hemisphere turn to their right and in the Southern Hemisphere to their left
• The trade winds in both the hemispheres turn west.
• The direction of the trade winds in the northern hemisphere is from north-east to south-west and in the southern hemisphere the direction of the trade winds is from south-east to north-west, so these trade winds are called north-east trade winds in the northern hemisphere and in the Southern Hemisphere it is called the South-East trade wind.
• It is also called the "Coriolis force".

Gravitation Forces of the Earth-:

• The gravitational force of the eastern is the same at all places.
• The air pressure is high in the lower layers of the atmosphere and as we move upwards in the atmosphere, the air mass decreases.

The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea that extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Asia in the east and separates Europe from Africa.

• The Atlantic Ocean is the second ocean on Earth.
• This ocean extends from South America, Africa, North America, Europe to the Arctic Sea.

IMPORTANT FACTS
The Indian Ocean

• It is the third-largest of the world's oceans with an area of about 27, 240, 000 square miles.
• It accounts for 20% of the earth's surface water.
• The Indian Ocean borders Australia on the east, Africa on the west, Asia on the north, and Antarctica on the south.

The Pacific Ocean

• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean in the world.
• It is spread between Australia, Asia, America, and Oceania.

The 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, called the 'Anti-Defection Law', was added in the year 1985 by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment.
Important information 

• The Indian Constitution has 25  parts, 448 articles and 12 schedules. 
• Originally there were 8 schedules in the Indian Constitution. 
• Later four schedules were included in the Indian Constitution by 4 important Constitutional Amendment Acts. 

• Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti, in Sept 2022, became the first European woman to command the International Space Station (ISS).
• The commander is responsible for all tasks performed by the crew members onboard the space station.
• Cristoforetti, 45, was selected by the European Space Agency in 2009 to become Italy’s first female astronaut.

• Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin is an Indian Tamil politician serving as the 8th and current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
• He has also served as president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party since 28 August 2018.

About DMK 

• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is a political party from India, which has a major influence on the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry.
• Founder- C. N. Annadurai

Recent Update- 

• Tamil Nadu governor Banwarilal Purohit has appointed Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) chief MK Stalin as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu.
• The 68-year-old is the son of the former five-term Tamil Nadu chief minister, the late M Karunanidhi.
• The DMK-led alliance won 159 seats, well ahead of the majority mark of 118 seats. The party alone won 133 seats in the election.
• Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin has announced Rs. 5 lakh assistance for children who lost both their parents due to COVID-19.
  • The state government will bear their educational and hostel fees till graduation.
  • It will also provide Rs. 3 lakh to the children who lost one of their parents.

About state

• Chief Minister - M.K. Stalin (June 2021)
• Governor - R. N. Ravi
• Lok Sabha seats - 39
• Rajya Sabha seats - 18

Mission Indradhanush:

• It has been started by the 'Union Ministry of Health, Government of India for the vaccination of all children.
• It was launched on the occasion of Good Governance Day (25 December 2014).
• It displays the seven colors of the rainbow and aims to vaccinate those children by 2020.

The Swadeshi movement

• It started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911.
• It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movement. Its chief architect was Aurobindo Ghosh. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• A Boycott Resolution was passed in Calcutta City Hall on August 7, 1905, where it was decided to boycott the use of Manchester cloth and salt from Liverpool.
• In the district of Barisal, the masses adopted this message of a boycott of foreign-made goods, and the value of the British cloth sold there fell sharply.
• Bande Mataram became the boycott and Swadeshi movement theme song.
• Among the movement's various forms of struggle, it was the boycott of foreign-made goods that encountered the greatest visible success on the practical and popular level.
• Boycott and public burning of foreign clothes, picketing of shops selling foreign goods, all became common in remote corners of Bengal as well as in many major cities and towns across the country.
• Another form of mass mobilization widely used by the Swadeshi movement was the corps of volunteers (samitis).
• Ashwini Kumar Dutt, a school teacher, set up the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti in Barisal was the best-known volunteer organization of all of them.
• The Shivaji and Ganapati festivals in Western India (Maharashtra) were organized by Lokmanya Tilak to spread the swadeshi message and boycott movements among the masses.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre:

• It is also known as the Amritsar massacre.
• It happened on April 13, 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered British Indian Army troops to fire their rifles at a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• The Asian Awards honoured the Jalianwala Bagh Martyrs with the prestigious Founders Award in April 2019.
• Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer was a Bengal Army general.
• His military career started to serve briefly in the regular British Army before being transferred to serve with India's presidential armies.
• He was responsible as a temporary brigadier-general for the Amritsar massacre at Jallianwala Bagh.

The doctrine of the basic structure holds that there is a basic structure to the Indian Constitution, and the Parliament of India cannot amend the basic features.

• Kesanvnda Bharati vs State of Kerala case, the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court ruled by a 7-6 verdict that Parliament could amend any part of the Constitution so long as it did not alter or amend the basic structure or essential features of the Constitution.
• Supreme court held that Parliament cannot take the power of judicial review.

The Fifteenth Finance Commission :

• It was constituted on 27 November 2017 against the backdrop of the abolition of the Planning Commission (as also of the distinction between Plan and non-Plan expenditure) and the introduction of the goods and services tax (GST).
• N.K. Singh - Chairman of 15th Finance Commission of India
• Arvind Mehta - Secretary.

The correct answer is  'Article 280'.

• President of India appointed the Financial Commission every five years.
• Under A 281- President lay recommendations of the Finance Commission before each house of Parliament.
• Composition- One Chairman and Four other members.
• Its recommendations are advisory in nature.
• Functions of FC-
  • Net tax proceeds distribution between Centre and States.
  • To make a grant in aid principles to States out of Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Provisions for resource allocations for Panchayats and Municipalities.
  • As per the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the FC has all the powers of a Civil Court.

Important Points

• First Financial Commission was formed in 1951 under Chairman KC Neogy.
• Second Financial Commission was formed in 1956 under Chairman K Santhanam.
• The latest 15th Financial Commission was formed in 2017 under Chairman NK Singh.

• Agricultural exports have jumped by 43.4 per cent to ₹16,229.3 crores during 2020.
• Export Statistics in respect of agricultural products are:
  
• Hence, Option 2 is the correct answer.

• Those substances which are weakly magnetised when placed in an external magnetic field in the same direction as the applied field are called paramagnetic substances.
• They tend to move from the weaker to the stronger part of the field. The magnetism exhibited by these substances is called Para magnetism.
• Examples: Aluminium, platinum, sodium, calcium.

The G-7 summit was held in Cornwall (England) on 12 and 13 June.
G7 Summit 2021

• The 47th G7 summit was held between June 11 and 13, 2021.
• It was the first physical G7 summit held in two years and took place in Carbys Bay, Cornwall, UK.
• Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was also invited to be a part of the summit.
• Prime Minister of United Kingdom- Boris Johnson

Different Aspects
Historical Aspect

• About G7
• The G7 is a grouping of the seven most advanced economies (countries) according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
• The seven countries are Canada, USA, UK, France, Germany, Japan and Italy.

Political Aspect

• India is not a member of G-7 yet India was invited.
• Russia was suspended from G-8 in 2014 after it annexed Crimea of Ukraine. It left the organisation in 2017

Gravitropism (also known as geotropism)- is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant in response to gravity pulling on it.

• It also occurs in fungi.

Gravity can be either-

• artificial gravity or
• natural gravity.

It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms.

• Charles Darwin was one of the first to scientifically document that roots show positive gravitropism and stems show negative gravitropism.
• That is, roots grow in the direction of gravitational pull (i.e., downward) and
• stems grow in the opposite direction (i.e., upwards).

This behavior can be easily demonstrated with any potted plant.

• When laid onto its side, the growing parts of the stem begin to display negative gravitropism, growing upwards.

Herbaceous (non-woody) stems are capable of a degree of actual bending, but most of the redirected movement occurs as a consequence of root or stem growth outside.
Phototropism is the ability of the plant to reorient the shoot growth towards a direction of light source.

• Phototropism is important to plants as it enhances the ability of plants to optimize their photosynthetic capacity.

Phototrophs are organisms that use light as their source of energy to produce ATP and carry out various cellular processes.

• All phototrophs are not obligatorily photosynthetic.

To get a clear idea about transparent substances you can think of examples like the lens, soap bubbles, etc. These substances to their behavior with light.
The substance absorbs all the light incident on them. That means these are not capable of having light pass through them. We call them opaque substances.

• An example of opaque is the quality of a black sheet of paper.

The substance allows light to pass through them. We call them transparent substances.

• Transparency is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without an appreciable scattering of light.

Examples of transparent items are glass, water, and air.
The substance allows light to pass through them partially. We call these substances translucent substances.
Note-

• This transparency can provide the perfect camouflage for animals if they are able to achieve it.
• This is easier in dimly lit or turbid seawater than in good illumination.
• Many marine animals such as jellyfish are highly transparent.

The Attorney General is appointed by the President on the advice of the government.
Important Facts

• The Attorney General of India (AG) is a part of the executive body of the Union. 
• AG is the highest law officer of the country.
• Article 76 of the Constitution provides for the office of the Attorney General of India.
• He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court .
• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should have five years experience of serving as a Judge of a High Court.
• Or 10 years experience of practice in a High Court.
• In the opinion of the President, he should be a person capable of judicial matters.
• Term of Office: Not fixed by the Constitution.
• Venugopal was appointed as the 15th Attorney General of India in the year 2017.
• He replaced Mukul Rohatgi who was Attorney General from 2014-2017.

• In the case of Berubari Union (1960), the Supreme Court was the first to declare that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution. 
• In Golakhnath vs State of Punjab the preamble was considered as the core soul of the Constitution .
• In the case of Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court overturned the above decision and accepted the Preamble as a part of the Constitution.
• The Supreme Court said in the Sajjan Singh case (1965) that the Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution (in the Fundamental Rights).

Some Important Points 

• The words 'socialist', 'secular' and 'integrity' were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976.
• The Preamble has been amended once so far.
• The idea of the Preamble has been taken from the Constitution of the United States of America.
• The Preamble can be amended by the Parliament.
• According to the Preamble, the supreme power of the governance of India is vested in the people of India.
• The language of the Preamble is taken from the Constitution of Australia.

The Panchayati Raj system in India was recommended by the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee.
Punchhi Commission

• The Punchhi Commission was constituted by the Government of India in 2007 as a commission on Centre-State relations. It was headed by Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi, formerly the Chief Justice of India from 18 January 1998 until his retirement on 9 October 1998. Were.

Rajamannar Commission

• In September 1969, the DMK government of Tamil Nadu appointed Dr. P.V. A three-member committee was appointed under the chairmanship of 
• Two years later in 1971, the committee submitted its report.

Important facts 
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended a three-tier Panchayati Raj system consisting of

• Zilla Parishad at the district level
• Panchayat Samiti at Block/Tehsil/Taluka Level
• Gram Panchayat at Village Level
  • The committee recommended that the above 3 tiers should be linked together through a means of indirect election.
  • The committee recommended that Gram Panchayats should be constituted with directly elected representatives, while Panchayat Samiti and Zilla Parishad should be constituted with indirectly elected members.
  • The Panchayat Samiti should have the status of an executive body, while the Zilla Parishad should have the status of an advisory body.
  • The Zilla Parishad should be headed by the District Collector.
  • Real powers should be given to these democratic bodies.
  • These bodies should be given adequate resources to perform the functions and fulfill the responsibilities.

• The major natural resources of western himalayasare forests. 
• Forests contribute a major share in the land use of the region ,covering more than 65 % the total geographical area of the region.  

The Himalaya-:

• The Himalaya mountain is a newly folded mountain.
• Folds are found in the Himalaya Mountains.
• The new mountain ranges in this region are world famous for their high peaks.
• There are three parallel mountain ranges in the relief of the Himalaya Mountains with valleys in between.
• Narrow valleys and U-shaped valleysformed by rivers are found in the Himalayan regions.