HTET PGT Physics Test - 1 Free Online Test 2026

Mental health can be defined as “a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use her or his cognitive and emotional capabilities to function in society and to meet the ordinary demands of everyday life”.

• It can also be defined as a state of successful performance of mental functions, in terms of thought, mood, and behavior. This state, in turn, results in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with others, and the ability to adapt, change, and cope with adversity.

Key Points

Factors that affect the mental health of some children and teenagers:

• Experiencing discrimination
• Experiencing severe bullying and sexual abuse
• Poverty in the family and lack of adequate resources
• Lack of proper affection and belongingness
• Parents who separate or divorce and domestic quarrel

Hence, it could be concluded that factors that affect the mental health of some children and teenagers except academics.

• Development refers to a qualitative change that results in an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs.
• Growth refers to a quantitative change that results in an increase in height, weight, and length of the child.

Key PointsHuman growth and development is influenced by both 'Hereditary and Environment' as they are
the elements that play a vital role in determining the development of an individual.

• All mental and social traits depend on the environment.
• All the inborn traits, instincts, and I. Q. depend on heredity.
• All the potential inputs for growth and development depend on heredity.
• Both are complementary to each other in molding the life of an individual.
• How a person will develop depends on the environment but how far a person can develop depends on heredity.
• Heredity places limit on IQ and the environment determines the numeric position of IQ within these limits.

Hence it could be concluded that human growth and development is influenced by both 'Hereditary and Environment'.Important PointsHeredity: It refers to the traits that pass down from the parents to their offspring. It is the most important personality and intelligence determinant.
Environment: It refers to the circumstances in which an individual lives. Child's immediate environment strongly influenced their personality and intelligence.

Constructivism is building on knowledge known by the student. Education is student-centered; students have to construct knowledge themselves. Explanations can use metacognition to explain via metaphor.

Key Points

• Jerome Bruner is a 20th-century constructivist. If you go through Bruner’s ideas on constructivism in his book ‘The Process of Education’, published in 1960, you will find him an extension of Vygotsky.
  • His work is much influenced by Vygotsky’s idea of social constructivism, which resulted in the famous theory of scaffolding, i.e. providing support to learners in their initial phase of learning, which is in the right amount and gradually decreases as the learner progresses.
  • Jerome Bruner's theory of constructivism encompasses the idea of learning as an active process where that learner is able to form new ideas based on what their current knowledge is as well as their past knowledge.
• Basic assumptions in Bruner’s social Constructivism are:
  • Children construct their own new ideas and concepts based on their existing knowledge.
  • The process of learning takes place through the selection and transformation of information, decision-making, generating hypotheses, and making meaning from information and experiences.
  • Comprehension of a subject is always better if a learner has understood its fundamental structure.
  • Interest in a subject is the best stimulus for learning

Thus, it is concluded that Jerome Bruner's theory of constructivism encompasses the idea of learning as an active process where that learning is able to form new ideas based on what their current knowledge is as well as their past knowledge.

Motivation: The term motivation has been derived from the Latin word ‘movere’, which means ‘to move. “the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms”.
Motivation is of two types, which are:

• Intrinsic Motivation.
• Extrinsic Motivation.

Key Points

• Intrinsic Motivation: Intrinsic motivation can be defined as “motivation that comes from within a person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy”.
  • Example: There could be an activity that an individual enjoys doing.
• These four components of intrinsic motivation are-
  • Challenge- It relates to the extent to which an individual enjoys the excitement that accompanies a new challenge.
  • Enjoyment- It relates to the pleasure that an individual may obtain from carrying out the task.
  • Mastery- It relates to the sense of pride and accomplishment that an individual may experience when he/ she carries out a difficult task.
  • Autonomy and self determination- It relates to the autonomy that an individual enjoys while carrying out the task, that is, the freedom with which the individual can determine what is to be done and how is it to be done.
• So by all these explanations, we can say that intrinsic motivation comes from the soul of the students, and it will be enhanced if the learning environment of the student fosters their sense of belonging and and intensity in their action.
• Hence, option (3) is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Extrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic motivation can be defined as “motivation that comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises”.
  • Example: reward, praise, money, feedback.

Effective learning involves several key components that help ensure that students not only acquire knowledge but also understand, retain, and apply it meaningfully.

Key Points

• When learning activities are connected to learners' personal experiences, interests, or real-life situations, they find the material more meaningful and engaging.
• Contextual learning helps students see the relevance of what they are studying and motivates them to participate actively.
• Contextual activities enable students to apply knowledge in practical situations, enhancing understanding and retention. This approach also makes learning more interactive and dynamic.

Hence, we can conclude that aligning learning activities with learners' contexts makes the learning process more relevant and engaging, thereby enhancing active participation and involvement.

Jean Piaget, a prominent Swiss psychologist, made significant contributions to our understanding of cognitive development. One of his key theories involves the concept of operative intelligence.Key Points

• According to Piaget, operative intelligence is the active aspect of intelligence.
• This form of intelligence is responsible for the dynamic processes involved in thinking and understanding.
• It encompasses the mental operations that allow individuals to manipulate objects and ideas in their minds.
• Operative intelligence is deeply involved in the processes of assimilation and accommodation, which are crucial for cognitive development.
• Assimilation refers to the integration of new information into existing cognitive structures, while accommodation involves altering existing structures to fit new information.
• Through these processes, operative intelligence enables individuals to adapt to their environment by continuously updating their understanding of the world.

Hence, the correct answer is intelligence.

Jerome Bruner proposed three modes of concept formation. It includes:

• Enactive (0 - 1 years): This staged of learning begins with an action - touching, feeling, and manipulating
• Iconic (1 - 6 years): This is the second stage which involves images or other visuals to represent the concrete situation enacted in the first stage.
• Symbolic (7 years onwards): The last stage takes the images from the second stage and using words and symbols.

The Wood Dispatch, also known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India, was a policy statement issued by the British government in 1854.

• The Dispatch outlined the framework for education in India, including the establishment of a system of schools and universities modeled on the British education system.

Key Points

• One of the key principles outlined in the Wood Dispatch was the integration of work and education.
• The Dispatch emphasized the importance of practical training and vocational education, alongside academic learning, in order to prepare students for employment and to support economic development in India.
• However, despite this emphasis on vocational education, the formal school education system that was established during the colonial period largely neglected vocational training.
• This led to a disconnect between education and the needs of the Indian economy and left many students unprepared for the workforce.
• In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the integration of work and education in India, with a growing emphasis on vocational education and training programs.

Hence, it is clear that Wood Dispatch is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The Kothari Commission, officially known as the Education Commission 1964-66, was a landmark committee appointed by the Indian government to examine and recommend improvements in the education system of India.\
• The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) is a document that outlines the framework for the school curriculum in India. It was first introduced in 1975 and revised in 1988, 2000, and 2005.
• Orientalists were scholars and intellectuals from Europe who specialized in the study of Asian cultures and civilizations, particularly those of India and the Middle East.

The teaching method is a way to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies.

Key Points

• There are various kinds of teaching methods in fashion to facilitate learning and the 'Kindergarten​ Method' is one of them. The Kindergarten system of teaching is propounded by ‘Friedrich Frobel’, a German pedagogue.
• The word kindergarten is originated in Germany. Kindergarten means children's garden because Kinder and Garten are synonymous with the words children and garden respectively in the German language.
• In this method, Frobel characterized children as 'plants' and the teachers as the 'gardeners' because they are the optimistic ones who could foster the potential of young seedlings to grow and bloom.
• The purpose of this method is to provide children with rich, meaningful, and balanced learning through appropriate activities at their own pace in a collaborative environment.
• It is based on the physiological principle of development and growth to keep the child fit and enables the overall development of the child and understanding of the subject to make learning more effective.

Hence, it could be concluded that the method in which, children are characterized as 'plants' and the teachers as the 'gardeners' is discovered by Friedrich Frobel.

The intelligence test is a series of tasks designed to measure a variety of cognitive aspects such as individual differences, mental retardedness, educational backwardness, and learning disability. It gives a broader view of human's cognitive diversity and intellectual skills.

Key Points

The first intelligence test which is known as 'The Binet-Simon Scale' was developed by Binet and Simon.

Let's Understand in Brief:

• In 1904, the French Government appointed Alfred Binet to develop a measure to identify children with notably below-average intelligence for their age, so that special education can be given to them.
• With this objective, in 1905 Binet with the help of Theodore Simon developed the first intelligence test, which is popularly known as the first Binet-Simon scale.
• This scale consisted of 30 problems measuring a variety of functions, such as judgment, comprehension, and reasoning. Binet believed that these functions are the essential components of intelligence.
• The items were arranged in ascending order of difficulty. The items were administered to 50 normal children of 3 to 11 years of age, some mentally retarded children, and some adults in order to determine the difficulty level of the items. In this scale, no precise method to calculate the total score was available.

Hence, it could be concluded that 'Alfred Binet and Simon' have developed the first intelligence test.

Additional Information

• The first institutional effort to measure individual differences came from the British biologist Sir Francis Galton who administered simple tests of visual discrimination, determining the highest audible pitch and kinesthetic discrimination.

The 'Multidimensional Intelligence Theory' or 'Theory of Multiple Intelligence' was propounded by an American psychologist 'Howard Gardner' in his book 'Frames of Mind'.Key Points This theory describes eight different kinds of intelligence and emphasizes that:

• intelligence is of several kinds.

• intelligence can't be tied to a single domain.

• each individual has his/her own unique abilities.

• intelligence is not dominated by a general factor.

Hence, it could be concluded that Howard Gardner was the propounder of the 'Multidimensional Intelligence Theory'.Important PointsTypes of intelligence suggested by Howard Gardner in this theory:

Additional Information

प्रमुख बिंदु

• पानी गिरता है। यह अकर्मक क्रिया का उदाहरण है।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प सकर्मक क्रिया के उदाहरण हैं।
• जिन शब्दों में किसी कार्य का करना या होना था, किसी घटना में घटित होने का संज्ञान होता है, उसे क्रिया कहते हैं।
• क्रिया के दो भेद माने गए हैं - अकर्मक और सकर्मक।

अतिरिक्त जानकारी

विकल्प 4 ‘विनीत’ सही उत्तर है।

मुख्य बिंदु

• ‘उद्धत’ का अर्थ ‘अक्खड़’,’अविनीत’ होता है।
• ‘विनीत’ का अर्थ ‘विनय से युक्त, नम्र’ होता है।

स्पष्टीकरण:

जब किसी शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ दिया जाता है, उस शब्द को विलोम शब्द कहते हैं।

The correct answer is "sustained"

Key Points

• The correct option is "sustained."
• This means "to support or keep something in existence", which can be substituted for "bear up" which means "to be strong enough to continue at a difficult time".

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• disinterested means not biased.
• discouraged means to lose confidence, hope or enthusiasm.
• demotivated means to lose motivation or drive.

The correct answer is "They said that they play football in the playground every day."

Key Points

• Indirect speech refers to speaking that summarises what someone has stated without using their exact words.
• The standard three guidelines for indirect speech are as follows:
  • a) Get rid of inverted commas and use "that."
  • b) Change in tense.
  • c) Change in pronoun.
• In the given sentence, "We" will be converted into "they" and the reported verb will be in the past tense.
• Since habitual actions are something that are routinely performed, the tense does not change in such cases.

Therefore, the correct sentence is "They said that they play football in the playground every day."

The correct answer is 'Alleviate'.

Key Points

• Mitigate is a verb that means to make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful.
  • Example - Drainage schemes have helped to mitigate this problem.
• The meanings of the given options are as follows:-
  • Aggravate - make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious.
  • Alleviate - make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.
  • Incite - encourage or stir up (violent or unlawful behaviour).
  • Intensify - become or make more intense.
• From the above meanings, it is evident that alleviate is the correct synonym for the word mitigate.

Additional Information

• The words aggravate and intensify are antonyms of the word mitigate.

The correct answer is 'shall not'.Key Points

• The most appropriate tense for the given blank is 'shall not'.
• Usually, we use 'will' with subjects other than 'I/ We'.
• The given case is a little different.
• If a sentence has 'determination, promise, threat, advice, command, demand' then we have to use 'shall' with third-person pronouns.
• The given sentence has a demand.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option A.

Correct Sentence: The Queen declared that she shall not acquiesce to the demand of the British Prime Minister.

Man’s son's sister means man’s daughter.
So, man’s daughter is the mother of Kajal's husband.
Thus, Kajal’s husband is the grandson of the man at the birthday party.
Hence, the correct answer is Grandson.

In the given figures, the polygon inside has one side less than the polygon outside.

In Figure (a):

Inner Figure side = 3

Outer Figure side = 4

In Figure (b):

Inner Figure side = 4

Outer Figure side = 5

In Figure (c):

Inner Figure side = 5

Outer Figure side = 6

In Figure (d):

Inner Figure side = 6

Outer Figure side = 5

Thus, the figure with a hexagon inside the pentagon is an odd one out.

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

Given:

SP of the product = Rs. 1089

Profit percentage = 12.5%

Formula Used:

Profit = SP - CP

Profit% = (Profit / CP) × 100

Calculation:

According to the given data,

⇒ 12.5 = (1089 - CP)/CP × 100

⇒ 12.5 CP = 108900 - 100 CP

⇒ 12.5 CP + 100 CP = 108900

⇒ 112.5 CP = 108900

⇒ CP = Rs. 968

Now,

Half the value of the cost price

⇒ 968 / 2 = Rs. 484

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Seven students: R, S, T, U, V, W and X.

1) V scored more than W but less than U.

U > V > W

2) X scored more than S but less than R.

R > X > S

3) T scored more than U but less than S.

S > T > U

Combining all the statements:

R > X > S > T > U > V > W

W score the least marks in all the students.

Hence, the correct answer is "W".

The logic followed here is :-

CALM is coded as XZON

Similarly,
LOVE will be coded as:

Hence, the correct answer is "OLEV".

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹10,000

Rate (r) = 3%

Time (t) = 2 years

Formula used:

A = P

Calculation:

A = 10000

⇒ A = 10000

⇒ A = 10000

⇒ A = 10000

⇒ A = 10000 × 1.0609

⇒ A = 10609

Compound Amount (A) = ₹10,609

Compound Interest (CI) = A - P

⇒ CI = 10609 - 10000

⇒ CI = 609

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

The ratio of two numbers is 1:2. If 21 is added to both numbers, the ratio becomes 5:7.

Formula used:

Let the two numbers be x and 2x (since their ratio is 1:2).

After adding 21 to both numbers:

(x + 21)/(2x + 21) = 5/7

Calculation:

Cross-multiply:

⇒ 7(x + 21) = 5(2x + 21)

⇒ 7x + 147 = 10x + 105

⇒ 10x - 7x = 147 - 105

⇒ 3x = 42

⇒ x = 14

So, the two numbers are x = 14 and 2x = 28.

∴ The two numbers are 14 and 28.

Option 1 is the correct answer: Gurgaon city in the State of Haryana is known as the Millennium city of the country.

• Gurgaon is the Suburban city of Delhi National Capital Region located in the state of Haryana.
• Historically, it is considered as the village of Guru Dronacharya (from Mahabharata).
• The city is located on a tributary of River Yamuna, called Sahibi.
• Sultanpur National Park is located in Gurgaon district of Haryana.
• In September 2016 Union Government renamed it as Gurugram and is now known by this name.
• Gurgaon is also known as Cybercity, medi city and electronic city.
• It is known as a Millenium city because of high Human Development Index, Highend infrastructure, and it is also emerging as a new financial and industrial hub in India

Given:

The ratio of salaries of Sam, Sai, and Sri is 7 : 9 : 11.

Sri gets Rs 320 more than Sam.

Concept:

Ratio and Proportion

Formula Used:

If the ratio of salaries is a : b : c, and the difference between two salaries (say, c and a) is given, we can use the formula:

c - a = Difference

Calculation:

Let the salaries of Sam, Sai, and Sri be 7x, 9x, and 11x respectively.

Given, Sri's salary is Rs 320 more than Sam's salary.

⇒ 11x - 7x = 320

⇒ 4x = 320

⇒ x = 320 / 4

⇒ x = 80

Sai's salary = 9x

⇒ Sai's salary = 9 × 80

⇒ Sai's salary = 720

∴ The correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 1971.

Key Points

• Haryana came into existence as a separate state on November 1, 1966. Therefore, the first census conducted after its formation took place in 1971.
• The Punjabi Shaba movement wanted a separate state for Punjabi-speaking people in erstwhile East Punjab.
• This movement started in the 1950s resulted in the formation of Punjabi-majority Punjab state, the Hindi majority Haryana state, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh on 1 November 1966.

About Haryana:

• Haryana State Flower is Lotus, And state bird is Black francolin, And state Animal is Blackbuck, And state Tree is Peepal.
• Haryana is famous for Major regional Festivals Baisakhi, Gangore, Lohri, Gugga Naumi. And Also Famous for the Milk Pail of India.
• Haryana is famous for Major Art Saang Dance, Khora Dance, Dhamal Dance, Ghoomar Dance.
• Geographical Indication Tag For Haryana is Basmati(Agriculture), Phulkari(Handicrafts).
• Major River of Haryana Yamuna and Ghaggar-Hakra.
• The Haryana state of 2 National Parks Sultanpur National Park and Kalesar National Park.
• Haryana has four main geographical Features:​
  • ​The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forms the largest part of the state.
  • The Shivalik Hills To the northeast.
  • Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest.
  • The Aravali Range in the south.
• Haryana Important Historical Sites:
  • ​Brahma Sarovar is an ancient water tank sacred to Hinduism in Thanesar.
  • Jyotisar is a town in the Kurukshetra district where Lord Krishna delivered the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna.

The correct answer is Sultanpur national park.

• Sultanpur national park in Haryana is famous for its migratory as well as a resident birds.

Key Points

• The park is located at 25 km from Gurugram.
• The park spans over an area of 142 hectares.
• A number of development works have been carried out here by the government of Haryana.
• Around 1800 migratory bird species migrate to India due to seasonal changes.
• More than 100 migratory bird species arrive at Sultanpur every year in search of feeding ground.

The correct answer is Ambala.

• Ambala district in Haryana receives the maximum rainfall.

Key Points

• Ambala is the maximum rain-hit area in Haryana which has an average rainfall of 47.16 inches per annum.​

Additional Information

• Mausynram, Cherrapunji has the world’s highest average rainfall of 2600 cm.
• Haryana:
  • Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya
  • Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini

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Hence, Option (C) is the correct answer.