Civil Engineering (CE) UPSSSC JE Mock Test - 2 Free Online Test 2026

Factor affecting demand of water;

• Size of city
• Extent of industrialization
• Type of sewerage system
• Type of gentry
• Climate condition
• Cost of water
• Quality of water
• Type of distribution system
• Pressure in the distribution system

Note: Metered water supply decreases water demand because people have to pay the cost of water according to their use.

Important points:
Types of water demand and their range;

Total water demand = 250 to 350 (Avg = 335) (liter/capita/day)

As per IS 456: 2000, clause 26.5.3.1,

Longitudinal reinforcement in a column:

The minimum number of longitudinal bar:

The minimum number of the longitudinal bar provided in column shall be

• four in rectangular columns
• six in circular columns

Percentage of steel:

The cross-sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be not less than 0.8 per cent nor more than 6 per cent of the gross cross-sectional area of the column.

The minimum diameter of longitudinal reinforcement bars:

The main longitudinal reinforcement bars used in column shall not be less than 12 mm in diameter.

Helical reinforcement:

A reinforced concrete column having helical reinforcement shall have at least six bar of longitudinal reinforcement within the helical reinforcement.

Spacing:

The spacing of longitudinal bars measured along the periphery of the column shall not exceed 300 mm.

Concept:
The area under the shear-force diagram gives a bending moment between those two points and the area under the load diagram gives shear-force between those two points. i.e.

Calculation:
Given:

M_C = 16 kN-m (M_A = 0)
Similarly;
∴ M_B – M_c = 16 kN-m

• Alluvial soil: It is the soil transported by flowing water.
• Lateritic soil: It is formed in hot and wet topography.
• Loess: It is uniformly graded windblown soil that is slightly cemented by calcium compound or by the presence of montmorillonite.
• Black Cotton soil: It have montmorillonite clay mineral which shows swelling and shrinkage behavior on wetting and drying.

Concept:

Minimum amount of steel shall be provided for temperature, shrinkage not for any load or bending moment.

As per IS 456 cl. 26.5.2.1, the mild steel reinforcement in either direction in slabs shall not be less than 0.15% of the total cross sectional area. However this value can be reduced to 0.12% when high strength deformed bars or welded wire fabric are used.

Due to excessive reinforcement the spacing between bars will be less which affects the proper placement of concrete and compaction of concrete.

AS per IS 456:2000,

The maximum horizontal distance between parallel main reinforcing bars shall be the lesser of

(i) three times the effective depth, or (ii) 300 mm.

However, the same for secondary/distribution bars for temperature, shrinkage etc. shall be the lesser of (i) five times the effective depth, or (ii) 300 mm.

So here both the statements are correct.

Concept:
PERT (Programme/Project Evaluation and Review Technique):
(i) PERT involves uncertainty into the project completion time. Hence three time estimate are made in PERT:
(a) Optimistic time (t_o): This is the minimum possible time in which an activity can be completed under the most ideal conditions.
(b) Pessimistic time (t_p): This is the maximum time required to complete an activity under the worst possible conditions.
(c) Most likely time (t_m): This is the time required to complete an activity under normal working conditions. Its value lies between t_o and t_p. It is near to the expected time.

(ii) In PERT each activity is assumed to follow β-distribution curve of time.

(iii) This is calculated from β-distribution curve of time at which probability is just 50%. Time taken by various activities follows β-distribution. Hence value of expected time is calculated by weighted average as,

Calculation:

Expected time for activity AB,
For activity AB, t_o = 2, t_m = 4 and t_p = x

Expected time for activity BC,

For activity BC, t_o = 3, t_m = 4 and t_p = 6

∴ Total expected time of completion of project (t_e) = 8 days (given)

te = t_e,AB + t_e,BC = 8 days

x = 5 days

(i) Calcium carbide method:

• The Calcium Carbide Method is a field method for the determination of water content and is rapid but not very accurate.
• The time taken in this method is about 5-10 mins while that for sand bath method is 30 to 60 mins.
• In this method, a test is performed by mixing a weighed sample of the material to be tested with an excess of calcium carbide.
• The reaction produces acetylene gas, the quantity of which, read off a pressure gauge, is proportional to the moisture content.
• While this method is relatively quick, it can give inaccurate results if not conducted properly or if the material being tested contains substances that can also react with the calcium carbide.

Sand bath method:
(i) It is a quick field (30 - 60 Mins) method for the determination of water content
(ii) This method is used when an electric oven is not available.
(iii) In this method there is no control over heat given to soil sample. Therefore, it is not suitable for organic soil and soil having higher gypsum content.

Concept:
Plinth Area:

• The plinth area is the space between the building's exterior and outer bounds or its walls. The carpet area is the sum of the actual areas of the rooms that can carpet.

Plinth area = building carpet area + wall area (both internal and exterior walls) + parasitic area + elevator openings, etc.
Calculation:

Given:
Total Plinth area = 120 m2
Plinth area rate = Rs. 6000 per m2
So, the Cost of building = 120 × 6000
Total cost of the building = Rs. 7,20,000

Concept:

The methods used for a different type of studies are given below:

• A window projecting outward from the walls of a room is termed a Bay window. This is done for admitting more light and air inside the room.
• A dormer window is a structural element or a window in a building which are constructed on sloping roofs.
• A skylight or roof light is a light-transmitting structure on the roof space of a building for daylighting purposes.
• A louvered window is a window shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air but to keep out rain and direct sunshine.

Contracts and Management of Contracts:
Engineering contracts and their formulation, Definition, And essentials of a contract, Indian Contract Act1872, types of contracts and clauses for Contracts, Preparation of tender documents, Issues related to tendering process, Awarding Contract.

Contract Management is critical for ensuring the supplier/contractor/consultant and the Borrower meet their contractual commitments to time, cost, quality, and other agreed matters. It requires systematic and efficient planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation to ensure that both parties fulfill their contractual obligations with the ultimate goal of achieving contractual results. It involves:

• Tracking and monitoring cost, time, quality, and deliverables. If the Engineer considers any employee of the Contractor to be incompetent, the employee shall be discharged.
• Collaborating to improve performance and promote opportunities for ongoing innovation e.g. value engineering inappropriate rate contracts.
• Being clear on roles and responsibilities of both Borrower and supplier/contractor/consultant.
• Managing relationships with the supplier/contractor/consultant and key stakeholders.
• Managing payments in accordance with agreed terms.
• Being proactive throughout the contract to anticipate problems and issues before they arise and
• Managing problems and issues as they arise, quickly, effectively, fairly, and in a transparent manner.

Quartzite

• It is a non-foliated metamorphic rock, which is formed by the metamorphism of sandstone subjected to heat and pressure.
• It has the most weather-resisting characteristics among marble, slate, and limestone.
• Quartzite is used for decorative purposes and may be used to cover walls, roofing tiles, flooring, and stair steps.

Marble:

1. Marble is a calcareous rock & metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism.
2. A marble that contains impurities such as clay minerals, iron oxides, or bituminous material can be bluish, gray, pink, yellow, or black in color.
3. Crushing strength is 500 - 600 Kg/cm2

Slate:

1. Slate is a metamorphic, stratified, argillaceous rock.
2. It is a hard, tough & least absorption property.
3. It has good abrasive resistance.
4. It is good to heat and electrical insulator.
5. Uses- Roofing & blackboard, partition wall, damp proofing.

Concept:

Fly ash in portland cement concrete (PCC)

• The use of fly ash in portland cement concrete (PCC) has many benefits and improves concrete performance in both the fresh and hardened state.
• Fly ash use in concrete improves the workability of plastic concrete and the strength and durability of hardened concrete. Fly ash use is also cost-effective.
• When fly ash is added to concrete, the amount of portland cement may be reduced.

Note: The addition of fly ash in concrete will lead to a decrease in concrete available to hydration, thus it deaccelerates the strength gain of concrete.

Benefits of fly ash in Fresh Concrete:

Improved workability

• The spherical-shaped particles of fly ash act as miniature ball bearings within the concrete mix, thus providing a lubricant effect i.e. improved in workability is seen.

Reduced heat of hydration

• Replacing cement with the same amount of fly ash can reduce the heat of hydration of concrete, ie about 50-60 % of heat of hydration is reduced by adding 30 % fly-ash

Decreased water demand

• The replacement of cement by fly ash reduces the water demand for a given slump. When fly ash is used at about 20 percent of the total cementitious, water demand is reduced by approximately 10 percent.

Benefits of fly ash in Hardened Concrete:

Increased ultimate strength

• The additional binder produced by the fly ash reaction with available lime allows fly ash concrete to continue to gain strength over time.

Reduced permeability

• The decrease in water content combined with the production of additional cementitious compounds reduces the pore interconnectivity of concrete, thus decreasing permeability.

Improved durability

• The decrease in free lime and the resulting increase in cementitious compounds, combined with the reduction in permeability enhance concrete durability.

Explanation:

• When the telescope is rotated about vertical axis called swinging of theodolite.
• When theodolite moved rightward then it's known as right swing & when left word then it's known as left swing.
• Left word swing of theodolite is neglected because in left swing reading value increases clockwise.
• By taking mean of observations of both swinging, the error due to friction or backlash in the moving parts can be eliminated.

Other Related Points

• A right swing is made by turning the telescope to the right (or clockwise) in the horizontal plane. The reading on the horizontal circle then increases.
• A left swing is made by turning the telescope to the left (or counterclockwise) in the horizon plane. The reading of the horizontal circle then decreases.

Concept:
Temperature Stress:
a) For bars in series:
Change in temperature cause a body to change its dimension. There will be no temperature stress as long as the member is free to expand or contract. But if it is constrained by the supports, it will produce thermal stresses.

b) For composite bars:
A bar of brass is enclosed in a steel tube and free to expand at one end. If the temperature is increased, the bar having a higher thermal coefficient will try to change its length at a faster rate. But this change in its length will be resisted by the bar having a lower thermal coefficient producing compressive stress in the bar while it itself subjected to tensile stress. So compressive force will act in brass and tensile force will be there in steel.

Purpose of Analysis of rates

• To work out the actual cost per unit of the items at the locality.
• To examine the viability of rates offered by contractors
• To calculate the number of materials and labor strength required for project planning
• To fix labor contract rates
• To work out the economical use of materials and processes in completing the particulars item.
• To work out the cost of extra items which are not provided in the contract bond, but are to be done as per the directions of the department.
• To revise the schedule of rates due to an increase in the cost of material and labour or due to a change in technique.

Other Related Points
Cost of labor -types of labour, standard schedule of rates:

• The labour can be classified into 1) Skilled – 1st class 2) Skilled – 2d Class 3) Unskilled
• The labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule of rates 30% of the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as Ist class, remaining 70% as II class.
• The rates of materials for Government works are fixed by the superintendent Engineer for his circle every year and approved by the Board of Chief Engineers. These rates are incorporated in the standard schedule of rates.

Unsteady uniform flow means

1. Flow is changing with time (unsteady)
2. Flow is not changing with respect to space (uniform)

Expanding Flow:

• In the case of expanding pipe, it can be observed that velocity is different at points 1 and 2, so this is not a case of Uniform flow.

Flow-through long pipes:

• In case of flow-through long pipes where the cross-sectional area is uniform, the velocity of flow is not changing between two points 1 and 2 at a given time instant then it is case of uniform flow, if the flow rate is increasing or decreasing the flow becomes unsteady.
• Therefore flow through a long pipe at a increasing or decreasing rate will be unsteady uniform flow.

Detailing of Reinforcement in slabs

(i) Restrained slabs

• Bottom tension reinforcement bars of mid-span in the middle strip shall extent in the lower part of the slab to within 0.25l of a continuous edge, or 0.15l of a discontinuous edge.
• Top tension reinforcement bars over the continuous edges of the middle strip shall extend in the upper part of the slab for a distance of 0.15l from the support, and at least fifty percent of these bars shall extend a distance of 0.3l.
• To resist the negative moment at a discontinuous edge depending on the degree of fixity at the edge of the slab, top tension reinforcement bars equal to fifty percent of that provided at mid-span shall extend 0.1l into the span.

​(ii) Simply supported slabs

• For simply supported slabs not having adequate provision to resist torsion at corners and to prevent corners from lifting, fifty percent of the tension reinforcement provided at mid-span should extend to the supports. The remaining fifty percent should extend to within 0.1l_x or 0.1l_y of the support, as appropriate.

Other Related Points

Types of slab based on aspect ratio

1) One-way slab:
Slab spanning in one direction

2) Two-way slab:
Slab spanning in both the direction

Concept:
According to IS 800 : 2007

Maximum Slenderness Ratio(λ):
It is defined as the ratio of the effective length of a member to the radius of gyration of the cross-section about the axis under consideration
The maximum effective slenderness ratio KL/r, values of a beam, strut or tension member shall not exceed those given in the table below.
λ = KL/r
Where,
KL = Effective length of the member
r = Appropriate radius of gyration based on the effective section

Table: Maximum values of effective slenderness ratio

Explanation:
As you can see in the table,
For member M, the maximum permissible slenderness ratio is 180
For member N the maximum, permissible slenderness ratio is 350.
Hence the value of M is less than value of N

Desirable qualities of an actual working substance for transmitting load in a hydraulic piston:

• Wear resistance
• Negligible compressibility

• Infinite bulk modulus

​Bulk Modulus is reciprocal of compressibility.

Hydraulic fluid is nearly incompressible.

As per clause no. 5.1, Table 2 of IS 712:1984 , "Specification for Building Lime",

∴ The lime used for structural purposes (for making mortar and concrete for construction and foundation works) having an initial setting time of 2 hours (minimum) and final setting time of 48 hours (maximum) is Class A – Eminently hydraulic lime and Class E - Kankar lime.

Other Related Points

As per clause 3.1 Building limes shall be classified as follows:
Class A - Eminently hydraulic lime used for structural purposes.
Class B - Semi-hydraulic lime used for masonry mortars, lime concrete and plaster undercoat.
Class C - Fat lime used for finishing coat in plastering, whitewashing, composite mortars, etc. and with addition of pozzolanic materials for masonry mortar.
Class D - Magnesium/dolomitic lime used for finishing coat in plastering, white washing, etc.
Class E - Kankar lime used for masonry mortars.
Class F - Siliceous dolomitic lime used for undercoat and finishing coat of plaster.

• Two channels placed back-to-back Fig(1) result in a small value of radius of gyration about y-y axis and are, therefore, seldom recommended.
• Two channels placed face to face Fig.(2) provide a larger value of radius of gyration as compared to channels back-to-back (Fig.(1)) and separated apart for the same spacing.
• Thus two channels face to face are the ideal section for compression members as these provide more rigidity.
• However, when a large radius of gyration is not the criteria for the type required, channels are placed back-to-back as the lacing is minimized.
• Also the exposed location of both ends of each rivet makes it easier to fabricate and further lower the cost. Channels placed face to face are also called placed toe-to-toe or placed with flanges turned inwards.

Other Related Points In a built-up section carrying tensile force, the flanges of two channels are turned outward to have greater lateral rigidity.

Built-up Section- :
A built-up section is made by joining or combining two or more sections to have a section of required strength as per the design criteria. It can be combined by welding or bolting.

Here the flanges of the channel sections are kept outward to have a better lateral rigidity.
Sometimes rolled steel sections do not fulfill the design criteria. In such situations, built-up sections can be used.

Track modulus:
(i) Track modulus is the index for stiffness or resistance to deformation of the permanent way. It is defined as the load per unit length of the rail required to produce unit deformation or depression in the track.
(ii) It depends on gauge distance, type of rails, type and density of sleepers and type of Ballast, etc.
(iii) For the computation of track modulus initial load taken for BG is 4 tonnes and for MG track is 3 tonnes.

Shear modulus:
The shear modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to resist transverse deformations and is a valid index of elastic behavior only for small deformations, after which the material is able to return to its original configuration.

Bulk modulus:

• The bulk modulus of the substance measures the substance resistance to uniform compression.
• Its base unit is pascal

​Elastic modulus:

• Elastic modulus is a constant of proportionality between stress and strain
• A material with a large elastic modulus is very stiff and difficult to deform

Concept:
Curve lead = 2GN
Where, G = Gauge of track
N = Number of crossing

Calculation:
Given,
N = 8.5
Gauge length for BG track (G) = 1.676 m
Curve lead = 2GN = 2 × 1.676 × 8.5 = 28.49 m

The correct answer is Class C.

Explanation

• The IP address 202.121.75.96 falls within the range of Class C addresses.
• Class C IP addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.
• These addresses are typically used for small to medium-sized networks.

Other Related Points

• Class A IP addresses range from 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 and are used for very large networks.
• Class B IP addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 and are used for medium to large-sized networks.
• Class D IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 and are used for multicast groups.

The correct answer is B. Mathura

Quality printing on muslin is predominantly carried out in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. Muslin is a finely woven cotton fabric that varies in weight, ranging from lightweight sheers to heavier sheets. Historically, muslin originated from Mosul, Iraq, and was highly regarded in Bengal during the 17th and 18th centuries for its exceptional quality.

Details on Other Options:

• A: Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh and is known for its rich heritage, including traditional garments like Ghararas, but it is not recognized for muslin printing.
• C: Sonbhadra is the second largest district in Uttar Pradesh by area, but it does not have a reputation for muslin printing.
• D: Bhadohi, located in the Ganga River plains, is known for its carpet weaving rather than muslin printing.

Conclusion:

Option: B, as the most relevant choice, is distinguished by its association with quality muslin printing, setting it apart from the other districts. Thus, Mathura is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is 1 and 3.

• Atmaram Govind Kher and Kesari Nath Tripathi both of them have been three times Speaker of the Uttar Pradesh Assembly.
• Atmaram Govind Kher:-
  • 

• Sri Keshari Nath Tripathi:-
  • 

The correct answer is A. Manoj Kumar Singh

Manoj Kumar Singh has officially taken over as the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh. He has been an integral part of Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath's team since 2017, holding various significant positions such as Agriculture Production Commissioner and Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner. His contributions have been crucial in managing state development projects and addressing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Details on Other Options:

• B: Anurag Srivastava is not the current Chief Secretary and has not been mentioned in recent updates regarding this position.
• C: Rajesh Kumar Singh is also not associated with the Chief Secretary role in the latest announcements.
• D: Alok Kumar has not been appointed as the Chief Secretary and is not relevant to this recent update.

Conclusion:

Option: A, as the most accurate and relevant choice, stands out for its confirmation of the current Chief Secretary, clearly distinguishing it from the other options. Thus, Manoj Kumar Singh is the correct choice.

The correct answer is Only 3 is correct.

• Under Article 243-I of the Constitution of India, the governor of a state is required to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years.
• A State Finance Commission allocates resources of a state to its Panchayati Raj institutions at all three levels in terms of taxes, duties, and levies to be collected by the state and the local bodies.
• A State Finance Commission reviews the financial position of the panchayats in a state and makes recommendations to the Governor.
• The Fifth Finance Commission is under operation in Uttar Pradesh.
• The First State Finance Commission in Uttar Pradesh was formed in 1994.
• Uttar Pradesh State Finance Commission

The correct answer is A. Alamgirpur

Alamgirpur was identified by Bharat Sevak Samaj along the banks of the Hindon River. Excavations took place in 1958, led by Yag Dutt Sharma. This site represents the late-Harappan phase and is the easternmost location of the Indus Valley Civilization, situated near Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. The inhabitants of Alamgirpur engaged in cotton cultivation and lived in village communities.

Details on Other Options:

• B: Belan Valley is not the correct answer as it is an old stone age site located in Uttar Pradesh, known for its archaeological significance during the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods, rather than being associated with the Indus Valley Civilization.
• C: Baghrikhor is incorrect because it does not have any notable archaeological significance related to the Indus Valley Civilization or Bharat Sevak Samaj's discoveries.
• D: Morhana Mountain is also not the right choice, as it does not pertain to the archaeological findings of Bharat Sevak Samaj, nor is it recognized as a site of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Conclusion:

Option: A, as the most accurate and relevant option, stands out due to its direct association with Bharat Sevak Samaj's discoveries and its significance in the context of the Indus Valley Civilization. Thus, Alamgirpur is the correct choice.