Civil Engineering (CE) UPSSSC JE Mock Test - 4 Free Online Test 2026

Concept:

Consolidation is a direct function of time factor (T_v), and the time factor is expressed as

(T_v) =

Where, C_v = Coefficient of consolidation, t = time in years,

d = depth of soil layer

Calculation:

Given:

t₁ = time required for consolidation of 1st layer = 10 years

Coefficient of consolidation of 2^nd layer (C_v2) = 3 × Coefficient of consolidation of 1^st layer (C_v1)

∴ Cv2 = 3Cv1

d₂ = depth of 2nd layer

d1 = depth of 1st layer

∴ d2 = 3d₁

& t₂ = time required for consolidation of 2nd layer =?

As in both case, the degree of consolidation is same, Tv will also be the same.

T_v = ...(i)

Again for the second layer, T_v =

T_v =

T_v = ...(ii)

Hence equating (i) & (ii) we get,

=

⇒ t₂ = 10 × 3

∴ t₂ = 30 years

The material placed in between the sleeper and the top of the formation is known as the ballast. Materials of which ballast is composed is known as ballast cushion.
Ballast cushion on the curved track is depicted below:

Ballast cushion is minimum at the inner edge and maximum at the outer edge of the curved track so as to provide necessary super elevation required on the curves.

Rigidity Factor:
The ratio of contact pressure to tyre pressure is defined as the rigidity factor.
Rigidity factor = Contact pressure (Pc)/Tyre pressure (P)
R = Pc/P

Where,
Contact pressure = Load on wheel / Contact area
Tyre pressure = Pressure inside the tyre

Important Points

• The rigidity factor shows degree of tension developed in the tyre. When tyre pressure is low, walls of the tyre are subjected to compression and when tyre pressure is high walls are subjected to tension.
• Tyre pressure is effective in surface layer while contact pressure is effecting throughout the thickness of the pavement i.e. thickness of pavement is affected by contact pressure, not by tyre pressure but contact pressure depends on tyre pressure.

Given

We know
Height of Instrument (HI) = RL + Back sight (BS)
RL at any point = HI - Fore Sight (FS)
HI at P = 100 + 1.655 = 101.655 m
RL of Q = HI @ P - FS = 101.655 - (-1.500) = 103.155 m
HI @ Q = RL @Q + BS @ Q = 103.155 + (- 0.950) = 102.205
RL of R = HI @Q - FS @ Q = 102.205 - 0.750 = 101.455 m

Cumulative Errors/ Systematic errors:

• The errors that occur same size and sign under the same conditions are said to be Cumulative errors.
• They are cumulative in nature. Examples of systematic errors are Collimation in a level, Expansion of steel tape, etc.
• They are proportional to the length of the line.

Accidental or Compensatingerrors:

• These are those which remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by the combination of errors beyond the ability of the observer to control.

• They represent the limit of precision in the determination of a value.
• They obey the law of chance and must be handled according to the mathematical law of probability.
• These errors are proportional to the square root of the length of the line (√L) and also proportional to 1/√N, where N is the number of observations.

Random errors:

• These are all those discrepancies remaining after the mistakes and systematic errors are removed.
• It is mainly caused by the limitations of observers and instruments and is random in nature.

Honeycombing:

• Stress is developed in the heartwood during the drying process or seasoning. For these stresses, cracks are created in the form of honeycomb textures.
• Honey combing occurs in the inner part of the timber which cannot be identified by just seeing. This is mainly due to stresses developed during the drying of timber.

Important PointsIn general, the defects in timber are mainly due to

1. Natural forces
2. Fungi - Heart rot, Brown rot, White rot, Dry rot, Wet rot, sap stain
3. During Seasoning - Bow, Cup, Check, Split, Twist, Honeycombing, Case hardening, and Warp.
4. During conversion - Chip mark, Torn grain, Diagonal grain, Wane.
5. Insects

Defects due to natural forces are:

1. Wind cracks
2. Shakes
3. Twisted fibers
4. Upsets
5. Rind galls
6. Burls
7. Water stain
8. Chemical stain
9. Deadwood
10. Knots
11. Coarse grain
12. Foxiness
13. Druxiness
14. Callus​

Drift method of Tunneling:
A drift is a small tunnel measuring 3 m x 3 m, which is driven into the rocks and whose section is expanded in the later processes till it acquire the size of the tunnel.
A number of drill holes are provided all around the drift and these are filled up with explosives and ignited so that the size of the drift expands to become equal to the required cross section of the tunnel.
Advantages:
(a) If the quality of the rock is bad or if it contains excessive water, this is detected in advance and corrective measures can then be taken in time.
(b) A drift assists in the ventilation of tunnels.
(c) The quantity of explosives required is less.
(d) A side drift allows the use of timber to support the roof.
Disadvantages:
(a) It is a time-consuming process, as the excavation of the main tunnel gets delayed till the drift is completed.
(b) The cost of drilling and removing the muck from the drift is high, as the work has to be done using manually operated power-driven equipment.

Concept:
Sensitivity of clay:
It is defined as the ratio of its unconfined compression strength in the natural or undisturbed state to that in the remolded state, without any change in the water content.

The classification of clays based on sensitivity is given in the table:

Explanation:
Clay soils:

• The in situ moisture content for a sensitive clay may be greater than the liquid limit, and the liquidity index is greater than one.
• In many naturally deposited clay soils, the unconfined compressive strength for undisturbed clay is more(Because the normal sensitivity of clay is 2 to 4) than the remolded clay, at the same moisture content.

Concept:

Where
bf = effective width of flange
lo = distance between points of zero moments in the beam
bw = breadth of the web
df = thickness of the flange
b = actual width of the flange
For the given isolated T beam
Calculation:
Given,
The beam is Isolated T - Beam

From the figure
b_f = 1000 mm, b_w = 300 mm, d_f = 150 mm, b = 1000 mm, lo = 6 m = 6000 mm
⇒
∴ Effective Flange width is 900 mm

Concept:
Stream Function(ψ):

Velocity Potential Function(ϕ):

Calculation:
Given:
ψ = 5 + 5y + 6xy + 2x


u = [0 + 5 + 6x + 0] = −5 − 6x

Capillarity

• It is the phenomenon of rising or fall in liquid surface relative to the general adjacent level of the liquid, capillarity comes into existence, Because of cohesion and adhesion.
• If cohesion is less than adhesion, then the capillary rise is observed. On the other hand, if cohesion is more than adhesion then capillary fall or depression is observed.

Capillary rise or fall is given by:

• When the diameter decreases, the value of h increases,
• When the surface tension increases, the value of h increases,
• When a liquid is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases and the intermolecular attraction becomes weaker.
• Hence, surface tension decreases when the temperature increases because cohesive forces decrease with an increase in molecular thermal activity. Therefore capillary rise will decrease.

Concept:
In WSM:
Modular ratio,

m = 10.98 N/mm²
Where is permissible compressive stress.
In LSM:
Modular ratio,
Where Est and Ec are modulus of elasticity of steel and concrete respectively.
Calculation:
Given;
σ_cbc = C
So, the modular ratio;
m = 280/3C

Concept:

Temporary adjustment in a prismatic compass:

Temporary adjustments are those adjustments that have to be made at every setup of the instrument. They comprise the following:

1. Centering

• Centering is the process of keeping the instrument exactly over the station.
• Ordinary prismatic compass is not provided with a fine centering device as is generally fitted to the engineer's theodolite.
• A plumb-bob may be used to judge the centering and if it is not available, it may be judged by dropping a pebble from the center of the bottom of the instrument.

2. Leveling

• If the instrument is a hand instrument, it must be held in hand in such a way that the graduated disc is swinging freely and appears to be level as judged from the top edge of the case.
• Generally, a tripod is provided with a ball and socket arrangement with the help of which the top of the box can be leveled.

3. Focusing the prism

• The prism attachment is slid up or down for focusing till the reading is seen to be sharp and clear.

Permanent Adjustment of Prismatic compass is as follows:

1. Adjustment of levels
2. Adjustment of sight vanes

Concept:

IS 1003 (Part 1): 2003

• Timber paneled and glazed shutters ― specification (part 1) door shutters​

IS 1003 (Part 2): 1994

• Timber paneled and glazed shutters ― specification (part 2) window and ventilator shutters

Important Points

Holdfasts.

• These are mild steel flats (section 30 mm × 6 mm), generally bent into Z – shape, to fix or hold the frame to the opening. The horizontal length of holdfast is kept about 20 cm and is embedded in the masonry.

Panel.

• This is the area of the shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails.

Mullion.

• This is a vertical member of a frame, which is employed to subdivide a window or a door vertically.

Transom.

• This is a horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to subdivide a window opening horizontally.

Shutters.

• These are the openable parts of a door or window. It is an assembly of style, panels, and rails.

Horn.

• These are the horizontal projections of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of the frame on the wall opening. The length of horns is kept about 10 to 15 cm.

Concept:
The safe and efficient operation of vehicles on the road depends very much on the visibility of the road ahead of the driver. Thus the geometric design of the road should be done such that any obstruction on the road length could be visible to the driver from some distance ahead . This distance is said to be the sight distance.
Overtaking sight distance (OSD) for safe overtaking operation:
The overtaking sight distance is the minimum distance open to the vision of the driver of a vehicle intending to overtake the slow vehicle ahead safely against the traffic in the opposite direction. The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
The factors that affect the OSD are:

1. Velocities of the overtaking vehicle, overtaken vehicle, and of the vehicle coming in the opposite direction.
2. Spacing between vehicles, which in turn depends on the speed
3. Skill and reaction time of the driver
4. Rate of acceleration of overtaking vehicle
5. The gradient of the road i.e. Ruling gradient is greater than the actual gradient of the road in plain terrain.

So statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.

Concepts:

Pigment volume concentration number(PVCN)

• It is the ratio of the volume (not weight) of pigment in a paint film to the volume of non-volatile constituents in paint.
• These non–volatile constituents are paint pigment and paint binder.
• PVCN tells us how much of the volume of the paint film is made up of pigment versus the amount made up of binder.

Characteristics:

1. Gloss of a particular paint coating is determined, in general, by the PVC of the paint. If paint has no pigment at all it will usually be very glossy and have a PVC of zero.
2. The lower the PVC, the less pigment in paint and the glossier it is likely to be.
3. The lower the PVC of paint is, the better its exterior durability will be.

The PVC values for different paints are tabulated below:

(i) Conventional Nitrification:

• Nitrification is an aerobic process performed by small groups of autotrophic bacteria and archaea.
• Two groups of autotrophic bacteria can be associated with the process of nitrification (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter).
• Nitrosomonas convert NH₃ to NO₂
• Nitrobacter convert NO₂ to NO₃

(ii) Aerobic Heterotrophs are mainly used in an activated sludge process. In the activated sludge process, in the presence of food mass and oxygen heterotrophic bacteria convert food mass into biomass.
(iii) Phototrophs use energy from sunlight to synthesize organic compounds for nutrition.

As per IS 800 : 2007, buckling class of various cross-section
Table 10 Buckling Class of Cross-Sections

Turnouts are the simplest combination of the points and crossings which enables one track to take off from another track.
The various types of turnouts depending on the movement of the train are:
Facing point of Turnout:

• In this, trains pass over the Switches first and then they pass over the crossing first.
• The direction of movement of trains is reserved for facing direction.

Trailing point of Turnout:

• In this, trains pass over the crossing first, and then they pass via the switches.
• The direction of movement of trains is reserved for trailing direction only.

Right-hand and left-hand turnouts:

• If a train from the main track is diverted to the right of the main route in the facing direction, then the diversion is Known as a Right-hand Turnout.
• If a train from the main track is diverted to the left of the main route in the Facing direction, then the diversion is called left-hand turnout.

Deflection and slope of various beams are given by:

Where, y = Deflection of the beam, θ = Slope of beam
Calculation:
The ratio of slope at free end in cantilever beam having uniform load intensity to varying load intensity maximum at fixed end is
= / = 4

Explanation:

Newtonian Fluids: Air, water, mercury, glycerine, kerosene, and other engineering fluids under normal circumstances.\
Pseudoplatsic: Fine particle suspension, clay, blood, milk, paper pulp, polymeric solutions such as rubbers, paints.
Ideal plastics or Bingham fluids: Sewage sludge, drilling muds, water suspension of clay, flyashConfusion PointsOnly Clay is an example of pseudoplastic but when the clay is present in suspension with water, then it acts like a Bingham fluidOther Related Points

• Viscoelastic fluids: Liquids solid combination in pipe flow, bitumen, tar, asphalt, polymerized fluids with drag reduction features.
• Thixotropic: Printer’s ink, crude oil, lipstick, certain paints, and enamels.
• Dilatant fluids: Ultrafine irregular particle suspension, sugar in water, an aqueous suspension of rice starch, quicksand, butter printing ink.
• Rheopectic fluids: Very rare liquid-solid suspensions, gypsum suspension in water and bentonite slurry

The correct answer is HTTPS.

Explanation

• HTTPS(HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): is an application layer protocol and used for secure communication over the internet.

Other Related Points

• HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol): is an application layer protocol designed to transfer information between networked devices and runs on top of other layers of the network protocol stack. HTTP involves a client machine making a request to a server, which then sends a response message and communication between web browsers and web servers. HTTP is a stateless protocol.
• SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): is an application layer protocol and used to send emails over the internet. SMTP is a state-full protocol.
• TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is the communication protocol is used by the internet and used to interconnect network devices on the internet. Its routing function enables internetworking and essentially establishes the Internet.
• TCP is responsible for the data delivery of a packet and IP is responsible for the logical addressing.
• FTP(File Transfer Protocol): is an application layer protocol and used to exchange files on the internet and copy large files from a remote computer to requesters computer.

The correct answer is Alt+Enter.

Explanation

• In Microsoft Excel, when you're editing the text within a cell and you want to insert a line break (i.e., start a new line within the same cell), you use the Alt+Enter keyboard shortcut.
• This command tells Excel to insert a carriage return, effectively splitting the text into two or more lines within the same cell.
• This is particularly useful for creating better readability in cells that contain a significant amount of text, allowing for a more organized presentation of data, or fitting text neatly within the column width without having to expand it.

Other Related Points

• Ctrl+Enter is used to fill the selected cell range with the current entry.
• Ctrl+Shift+Enter is used when entering array formulas that will output multiple values across different cells.
• Ctrl+hyphen (-) is a shortcut for deleting selected cells, rows, or columns, depending on the current selection.

The correct answer is '75'.

Explanation

• The State of Uttar Pradesh is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts.
• The capital of the state is Lucknow and Prayagraj serves as the judicial capital.
• It was established in 1950.
• It is the most populated state in India.

The correct answer is Mathura.Explanation

• Shri Krishna was born in Mathura (Uttar Pradesh).
• This place is famous as "Brajbhoomi".

Other Related Points

• ​On the occasion of Shri Krishna Janmashtami, all the temples of Mathura are decorated with flowers and lamps.
• The most important event of Janmashtami is held at Shri Krishna Janmabhoomi Temple, which continues for 2 days.
• Ayodhya -
  This place is famous for being the birthplace of God 'Shri Ram'.
• Prayagraj -
  It is famous for the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and the historical Saraswati rivers.

The correct answer is United Provinces.

Explanation

• United Provinces -
  • It was a major province in British India till after India became independent.
  • It came into existence on 1st April 1937.

Other Related Points

• ​Prayagraj was of great importance in the United Provinces.
• Allahabad (now Prayagraj) was also the capital of this province till November 2, 1921.
• After this, the capital of the United Provinces was shifted to Lucknow.
• However, despite the removal of the capital, Prayagraj remained the judicial capital.
• On 24 January 1950, the name of the United Provinces became Uttar Pradesh.
• The Constitution document was signed on 24 January 1950 and came into force on 26 January.
• The day when the constitution of the country was signed by all the members, the name of the United Provinces was changed to Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is February 15, 2015.

Explanation

• The Khadi Village project was launched by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) on February 15, 2015 with the aim of developing clusters of Khadi and Village Industries (KVIs) in rural areas across India.
• The project was initially launched in 100 villages, and it has since been expanded to cover over 1,000 villages across the country.
• The Khadi Village project aims to achieve the following objectives:
  • Promote employment generation: The project aims to create employment opportunities for rural artisans by providing them with training, skill development, and access to finance.
  • Enhance productivity: The project aims to enhance the productivity of KVIs by providing them with access to modern technology and infrastructure.
  • Improve market linkages: The project aims to improve the market linkages for KVIs by providing them with access to marketing platforms and export opportunities.
  • Promote rural development: The project aims to promote rural development by providing infrastructure facilities, such as roads, electricity, and sanitation, in the project villages.
• The Khadi Village project has been a success in achieving its objectives.
• The project has created over 1 million jobs in rural areas, and it has helped to increase the production of Khadi and Village Industries products by over 50%.
• The project has also helped to improve the livelihoods of rural artisans and their families.

The correct answer is 2020Other Related Points

Uttar Pradesh Manufacturing Policy 2020

• Uttar Pradesh Electronics Manufacturing Policy 2020.
• The policy aims to establish Uttar Pradesh as the preferred destination for the electronics industry by offering globally competitive infrastructure and a favourable policy environment for cultivating the Electronics Manufacturing Industry as an important growth driver for Uttar Pradesh through the effective use of skilled force, adapting innovation and emerging technologies leading to all-round sustainable ecosystem thereby contributing towards the overall growth of the economy of the state & nation.
• The policy has several key objectives, including establishing three Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC) in the state, providing employment opportunities within the state, and fostering a culture of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
• The policy also provides several incentives to ESDM units, such as interest subsidy, stamp duty exemption, and land subsidy.
• “Uttar Pradesh Manufacturing Policy” specifically. the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy 2022 aims to build on the strengths of the state and extend them into the future while capitalizing on the opportunities to ensure that the state achieves its full potential.
• The policy provides a strategy framework for the state over the next five years against which major private and public sector investment decisions can be made with confidence.
• The policy also emphasizes the importance of a strong collaborative culture to support industrial growth and transformation across sectors, value chains, and supply chains.

The statement 1 is incorrect.

Explanation

Treaty of Allahabad

• The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on August 12, 1765, between Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Robert Clive as a result of the Battle of Buxar. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• The treaty was the result of the Battle of Buxar fought between East India Company and combined armies of Bengal, Awadh, and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
• The defeated emperor had to sign this humiliating treaty dictated by Robert Clive.
• The treaty gave the Company access to nearly 40,000 square kilometers of taxable fertile land.
• British were entitled to collect tax directly instead of Rs 26 lakhs tribute to be paid annually to the Mughal.
• The districts of Kora and Allahabad were also returned to the Mughal Emperor.
• The Nawab of Awadh had to pay Rs 53 lakhs in war indemnity and was sent back to Awadh, with a promise of money to operate the court and a subsidiary army.
• Nawab of Bengal retained the judicial functions but the Company had the power to collect revenue.
• This new setup called the Dual System of Government and acquisition of the Diwani rights by the Company is an important event in the history of India.
• This legally acknowledged the British control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa; only foujdari and administrative authority were left to the Nawab. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• With this, the East India Company got richer than before and needed no money from England to buy merchandise.
• The money earned was sent to England and not spent on Bengal, this drain of wealth started from India.