UPSSSC JE Civil Mock Test - 6 Free Online Test 2026

The correct answer is D. Method of projection

Estimating building works involves various methods such as the long wall-short wall method, centerline method, and partly centerline and partly cross wall method. However, the method of projection is not recognized as a standard technique for estimating building works. The long wall-short wall method calculates wall lengths based on their orientation in a room, while the centerline method focuses on walls with similar cross-sections, adjusting for junctions. The partly centerline and partly cross wall method combines these approaches for walls of varying thicknesses, making them all valid methods for estimation.

Details on Other Options:

• A: The crossing method is a valid technique for estimating areas and quantities in building works, often used in conjunction with other methods.
• B: The out-to-out and in-to-in method is a recognized approach for calculating dimensions and materials needed for construction, specifically addressing wall thickness.
• C: The centerline method is a common estimation technique for walls of similar cross-sections, ensuring accurate measurement by adjusting for junctions.

Conclusion:

Option: D, as the most accurate and relevant option, stands out for its non-recognition in standard estimating methods, clearly differentiating it from the other techniques. Thus, Method of projection is the correct choice.

Secondary pollutant:

• The primary pollutants often react with one another or with water vapor, aided and abetted by the sunlight, to form entirely a new set of pollutants, called the secondary pollutants.
• These are the chemical substances, which are produced from the chemical reactions of natural or anthropogenic pollutants or due to their oxidation, etc., caused by the energy of the sun.

Examples:
1) Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
2) Formaldehydes
3) Photochemical smog
4) Ozone
5) Peroxy Acetyl – nitrate (PAN)

Primary pollutant:

• Pollutants are emitted directly from identifiable sources, either from natural hazardous events like dust storms, volcanoes, etc, or from human activities like burning of wood, coal, oil in homes or industries or automobiles, etc.

Examples:
1) SO2
2) CO & CO2
3) NO, NO2
4) Volatile organic compound
5) Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
6) Radioactive compound
7) Halogen compound

Concept:

Traverse reinforcement/ties are provided in columns for the following reasons:

i) To prevent the premature buckling of individual bars.

ii) To confine the concrete in the 'core', thus improving ductility and strength.

iii) To provide resistance against shear and torsion is required.

iv) To hold the longitudinal bars in position during construction.

Therefore, one of the purposes of the provision of lateral ties in columns is to avoid buckling of longitudinal bars.

Plumb bob and plumb fork:

• A plumbing fork is a hairpin-shaped brass frame made of arms of equal length.
• One is horizontal (upper arm) has a pointed end and is kept over the drawing sheet touching the plotted position of the instrument station while the other is inclined at a certain angle(lower arm) has a hook from which plumb bob is suspended as shown in the figure.

∴ Hence accurate centering of the plane table is done by using a plumbing fork.

Other Related Points

Alidade:

• It is an instrument used in plane table surveys.
• It is a wooden or brass ruler of about 50-60 cm in length. It is also known as the sight rule.
• Two vanes, the “object vane” and the “sight vane” are hinged at their two ends.

Spirit level (Bubble tube):

• It is an instrument used in leveling.
• The glass tube containing the liquid and bubbles at a spirit level. In leveling, it is used to check the accuracy of the horizontal surface.

Important Points

The Basic surveying instruments required for plane table surveying are:

1. Plane table
2. Alidade for sighting (telescopic or simple)
3. Plumb bob and plumb fork
4. Compass
5. Spirit level
6. Chain
7. Ranging rods
8. Tripod
9. Drawing sheet and drawing tools

Concept:

Lacey gave three independent equation after intensive research in alluvium and gave the idea of regime.

The equations given by Lacey are:

As per lacey, the wetted perimeter P is given as

P = 4.75 √Q

Hence the wetted perimeter of the alluvial channel increases with an increase in design discharge.

Important Point:

Difference between Lacey and Kennedy theory are:-

Afflux:
(i) Afflux is an increase in water level that can occur at upstream of a structure, such as a dam, bridge, or culvert, that creates an obstruction in the flow.

(ii) On the upstream side of the dam, the depth of the water will be rising due to the obstruction/barrier. If there had not been any obstruction (such as dam) in the path of the flow of water in the channel, the depth of water would have been constant parallel to the bed of the channel. Due to obstruction, the water level rises, and it has maximum depth from the bed in some sections.

(iii) This rise of water level on the upstream end is termed as afflux.

Given,
Head(H) = 10 m, Discharge(Q) = 500 cumec
Diameter (D) = 9 m
We know Q = A × V ⇒ Area (A) ∝ D² , Velocity (V) ∝ √H
∴ Q ∝ D2√H

For Unit discharge


Q_u = 1.952
∴ Unit Discharge Q_U = 1.952

Statement 1:
Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable than surface methods when the land has very pervious soil and an undulated surface profile. This statement is correct. Sprinkler irrigation can be advantageous on lands with very pervious soil as it helps to overcome excessive water infiltration and allows for more efficient water application. Additionally, the ability to adjust sprinkler heads can accommodate an undulated surface profile for better water distribution.

Statement 2:
Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable than surface methods when the land has steep slopes. This statement is correct. Sprinkler irrigation is often preferred over surface methods, such as furrow or flood irrigation, when the land has steep slopes. Surface methods may result in excessive runoff and erosion on steep slopes, whereas sprinkler irrigation can provide more controlled water application, reducing runoff and soil erosion.

Therefore, Both statements are correct.

Irrotational flow:

• Irrotational flow is a flow in which no element of the moving fluid rotates in any direction from one instant to the next. Therefore, only a torque applied by shear forces on the sides of a fluid particle can cause it to rotate.
• Irrotational flow occurs when all of the tiny particles of fluid move along, translate, go around obstacles, and so on without ever rotating about their own infinitesimal centres of gravity. Irrotational flow can only continue if there is no viscosity.
• Because shear forces do not exist in ideal fluids, their flow is essentially irrotational. When a flow is viscid, it tends to become rotational. This is because viscosity causes velocity gradients, as well as distortion and rotation of fluid particles, despite the fact that the fluid as a whole does not need to rotate around a fixed centre. When the vorticity is zero everywhere, the flow is said to be irrotational.

Various type of the beam and their purpose:

Transition curve is provided to change the horizontal alignment from straight to circular curve gradually and has a radius which decreases from infinity at the straight end (tangent point) to the desired radius of the circular curve at the other end (curve point). Cubic parabola, spiral and Lemniscate are typically used as transition curves.

There are five objectives for providing transition curve and are given below:
1. to introduce gradually the centrifugal force between the tangent point and the beginning of the circular curve, avoiding sudden jerk on the vehicle. This increases the comfort of passengers.
2. to enable the driver turn the steering gradually for his own comfort and security,
3. to provide gradual introduction of super elevation, and
4. to provide gradual introduction of extra widening.
5. to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the road.

Head loss in the pipe due to friction is given as:

where f = friction coefficient, 4f = friction factor, V = average velocity of flow, D = diameter of pipe, l = length of pipe
V = Q/A
where Q = flow rate, A = Cross Area of pipe
∴ head loss ∝ V², head loss ∝ Q², head loss ∝ l,

Alternate Method

We know that,

Concept:
Characteristics Ultimate load method (ULM): -
1. It is also known as Load factor method or ultimate strength method.
2. The safety measure in the design is introduced by an appropriate choice of the load factor, which is defined as the ratio of ultimate load (design load) to the working load.
3. The satisfactory ‘strength’ performance at ultimate loads does not guarantee satisfactory ‘serviceability’ performance at the normal service loads.
4. This method results in more slender sections compared to WSM.
Hence,
The design load will be equal to working load multiplied by a load factor.

Concept:

Properties of Stones:

The following are the engineering and physical properties of the stones that should be looked into before selecting them for engineering works:

1. Structure:

1. The structure of the stone may be stratified (layered) or unstratified.
2. Structured stones should be easily dressed and suitable for the superstructure.
3. Unstratified stones are hard and difficult to dress. They are preferred for foundation works.

2. Texture:

• Fine-grained stones with homogeneous distribution look attractive and hence they are used for carving.
• Such stones are usually strong and durable.

3. Density:

• Denser stones are stronger.
• Lightweight stones are weak. Hence stones with a specific gravity of less than 2.4 are considered unsuitable for buildings.

4. Appearance:

• A stone with a uniform and attractive colour is durable if grains are compact.
• Marble and granite get a very good appearance, when polished. Hence they are used for face works in buildings.

5. Strength:

• Strength is an important property to be looked into before selecting stone as a building block.
• Indian standard code recommends, minimum crushing strength of 3.5 N/mm² for any building block.

Concept:

Statement 1-

• In a steel compound column section, the width will be smaller when they are placed face to face than when they are placed back to back.
  
• When the columns are placed face to face the spacing between the columns will be less to get the moment of inertia equal to the moment of inertia about the horizontal axis. As the spacing will be less the width will be smaller.
• So statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2-

• In the design of steel compound columns, the length of battens are normally lesser than the lacings.
• As the battens are horizontal elements while lacings are inclined elements so the length of lacing will be more.
• So statement 2 is wrong.

Statement 3-

• Lacings in a steel compound column are designed as slender compression members.
• Lacings are the members that undergo only axial compressive force whereas battens undergo both bending moment and shear forces so lacings are designed as slender compression members.
• So statement 3 is correct.

Concept:

1) Vee-Bee consistometer test is used for the concrete which possess low workability, slump for which is limited to 50 mm.

• The measurement of the effort is done by time measurement in seconds. The amount of work measured in seconds is called as the remolding effort. The time required for the complete remolding is a measure of the workability and is expressed in the Vee-Bee seconds.

2) Air permeability method (Blaine)

• The fineness of cement is measured as the specific surface. Specific surface is expressed as the total surface area in square meters of all the cement particles in one kilogram of cement. The higher the specific surface is, the finer cement will be.
• The fineness test is performed on the Blaine apparatus. It is practically a manometer in the U-tube form. One arm of the manometer is provided at the top with a conical socket to form an airtight fit with the conical surface of the cell.

3) Standard consistency test:

• This test determines the percentage of water required to make workable cement paste.
• Vicat’s apparatus is used to perform this test
• Temperature during test = 27 ± 2°C, Relative humidity = 90%
• As per Vicat’s test ‘the percentage of water added to the cement at which the needle cannot penetrate 5-7 mm from bottom of the mould is called consistency.
• For OPC consistency is around 30%

In order to make a cement paste of normal consistency the percentage of water varies from 25 to 35%.

4) Le Chatelier Test:

• This test is used to measure the soundness of OPC due to lime. Lime & Magnesia are two primary compounds responsible for the soundness of cement.

5) Cone slump test

• This is used to find the workability of the concrete not setting time

Concept:
Conjugate beam:

1. A conjugate beam is an imaginary (hypothetical) beam of the same (equal) dimensions as the original beam with a different loading configuration.
2. The load on the conjugate beam is the M/EI diagram of the loads on the actual beam.
3. A simple support for the real beam remains simple support for the conjugate beam.
4. A fixed end for the real beam becomes a free end for the conjugate beam.
5. Then the shear force at any point on the conjugate beam gives the slope at the corresponding point of the actual beam.
6. The B.M. at any point on the conjugate beam gives the deflection at the corresponding point of the actual beam.
7. The point of zero shear for the conjugate beam corresponds to a point of zero slope for the real beam.
8. The point of maximum moment for the conjugate beam corresponds to the point of maximum deflection for the real beam.

​Both statements are correct. Hence option (2) is correct.

The average permeability for flow perpendicular to the bedding planes is given by,

The average permeability for flow parallel to the bedding planes is given by,

∴ Average permeability for flow perpendicular to the bedding plane is harmonic mean whereas, average permeability for flow parallel to the bedding plane is the arithmetic mean. As arithmetic mean is always greater than harmonic mean therefore, the average permeability for flow perpendicular to the bedding plane is always lesser than the average permeability for flow parallel to the bedding plane.

Creep of rail:
Creep is defined as the longitudinal movement of the rail with respect to the sleepers. Rails tend to gradually move in the direction of dominant traffic.
Theories for the development of creep

1) Wave motion theory:
According to this theory the rails have a wavy formation, as the wheels move forward, the depression also moves with them and the previously depressed portion springs back to the original one.

2) Percussion theory:
According to this theory, creep is developed due to the impact of wheels at the rail end ahead of the joint. The continuous movement of several wheels passing over the joint pushes the facing or landing rail forward, thereby causing creep

Major causes for creep in rail are as follows:
a) Forces developed when the train is starting or stopping by application of brakes.
While starting, the wheels push the rail backwards and hence the direction of creep is in the backward direction.
When brakes are applied then the wheels of the vehicles push the rails in the forward direction and hence the creep is in the forward direction.
b) Due to wave motions developed when the wheels of the vehicle hit the crest.
c) Unequal expansion/contraction due to the different temperature gradients along the track.

• Black cotton soil contains Montmorillonite mineral which shows swelling and shrinkage on change in water content. This is also called expansive soil. Under reamed piles are used for these types of soils.
• Lateritic soil contains high percentage of iron and aluminium usually found in hot and wet region.
• Loess is the soil transported by wind.
• dune sand are the windblown accumulation of soil.

The correct answer is C. Flitched beam

A flitched beam is defined as a structural element made from two or more materials that are rigidly connected, ensuring they act as a single unit during bending. This type of beam is commonly used in construction, particularly in wood-frame structures, and it features a neutral axis that runs through the centroid of the combined materials, allowing for effective load distribution.

Details on Other Options:

• A: This option is incorrect because a non-composite beam consists of different elements that are not rigidly connected, which means they can slip at the joints, failing to behave as a unified structure.
• B: This option is incorrect as a non-uniform beam refers to a beam that varies in shape or size along its length, which does not necessarily relate to the connection of materials.
• D: This option is incorrect since a timber beam specifically refers to a beam made from wood, which may not involve multiple materials or rigid connections, unlike a flitched beam.

Conclusion:

The C option, as the most accurate and relevant choice, highlights the concept of a flitched beam, which is characterized by its rigid connection of multiple materials, distinguishing it from the other options. Thus, Flitched beam is the correct choice.

The correct answer is Digital Versatile Disc

• DVD, also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc, is an optical disc storage media format.
• It was developed and invented in 1995 by Sony, Panasonic, and Samsung.
• Its main use is to store video and data.
• DVDs are the same size as compact discs (CDs), but they store up to six times as much data.

The correct answer is B. Hypertext

Hypertext is a method that allows users to navigate between web pages through hyperlinks. These clickable links connect different resources on the internet, enabling users to transition smoothly from one page to another without needing to enter web addresses manually. This feature is fundamental to the web's structure, facilitating easy access to vast amounts of information.

Details on Other Options:

• A: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the foundational language for creating web pages but does not directly provide navigation between pages; it structures content and defines links.
• C: Flowcharts are visual representations of processes and workflows. While useful for illustrating sequences of actions, they do not facilitate navigation between web pages.
• D: Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a programming paradigm that focuses on using objects to represent data and behavior. It is not related to web navigation methods.

Conclusion:

Option: B, as the most relevant choice, highlights the essential role of hyperlinks in web navigation, distinguishing it from the other options that do not serve this purpose. Thus, Hypertext is the correct choice.

The correct answer is 480 Mbit/s.

• USB 2.0 is a standard for Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces that was released in April 2000.
• It is an improvement over the original USB 1.1 standard, offering a higher transfer rate.
• The maximum data transfer rate supported by USB 2.0 is 480 Mbit/s (Megabits per second), which is also known as High Speed.

The correct answer is B. Menu Bar

The options such as File, Edit, and View are usually found in a window on the Menu Bar. This graphical control element features drop-down menus that provide access to various functions within a software application. Typically positioned at the top of the window, the Menu Bar serves as a convenient hub for users to navigate the software's features.

Details on Other Options:

• A: This option is incorrect because the Ribbon is an interface that integrates the menu bar and toolbar into a single pane, primarily used in applications like Microsoft Office, rather than displaying options like File or Edit directly.
• C: This option is incorrect since the Title Bar is located at the top of a window and mainly shows the application's name or the document title, not the menu options.
• D: This option is incorrect as the Status Bar is situated at the bottom of the window, providing feedback and information about the application’s current state, rather than containing menu options.

Conclusion:

Option: B, as the most accurate and relevant option, stands out for its role in providing essential menu options in software applications, clearly differentiating it from the other choices. Thus, Menu Bar is the correct choice.

Important Points

• A QWERTY keyboard is a popular keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets.
• QWERTY simply refers to the arrangement of the letters on the keyboard and is named after the first six characters located on the top left row of letters.
• It is a standard English-language typewriter or computer keyboard on which the first six letters of the second row are q, w, e, r, t, and y QWERTY may not have had the most sensible keyboard arrangement, but it had the advantage that it had been out longer than most other designs.

On a standard QWERTY keyboard, key 'A' is located immediately below the 'Q' key.

The correct answer is 'Lucknow​'.

• In 2002, Lucknow city in Uttar Pradesh was declared a "Biotechnology City".
• Lucknow was declared Biotech City during the 89th Indian Science Congress held at Lucknow University during 3-7 January 2002.
• The Biotechnology Park in Lucknow is the only functional Biotechnology Park in North India.
• It serves the State to bring biotechnology as a way of cultivating crops, living a healthy life, and enriching the skills for boosting the biotech industry.
• The park was formally inaugurated by Kapil Sibal, Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Government of India on 7th December 2008.
• Lucknow is also called the City of Nawabs.

Important Points

The correct answer is D. Ballia

Ballia district is located on the border between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It is one of the key districts that directly borders Bihar, along with other districts such as Kushinagar, Deoria, Ghazipur, Chandauli, and Sonbhadra, which also share a boundary with Bihar.

Details on Other Options:

• A: Basti is not on the UP-Bihar border; it is situated in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh but does not share a boundary with Bihar.
• B: Bulandshahr is located in western Uttar Pradesh and does not border Bihar, making it an incorrect choice.
• C: Banda is situated in central Uttar Pradesh and does not lie on the border with Bihar, thus it is not the correct answer.

Conclusion:

Option: D, as the most accurate and relevant option, stands out for its geographical significance in marking the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Thus, Ballia is the correct choice.

The correct answer is option 1.

Chaiti - Seasonal geet

• Chaiti is sung in the month of Chait that falls in March/April as per the Hindu calendar.
• This is certainly a season-specific song.
• This season has great importance in the largely agrarian society of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar for this is the season of harvest.
• And what is typical to all the festivals, song and dance are a must.
• The Hindu festival of colour called Holi falls in this season only and that is why many of the Chaiti songs have references to Holi.

Kajari - Vivah and Seasonal geet

• Kajri derived from the Awadhi word Kajra, or Kohl is a genre of semi-classical singing, originating from the Indian subcontinent, popular in Uttar Pradesh.
• It is often used to describe the longing of a maiden for her lover as the black monsoon cloud come hanging in the summer skies, and the style is notably sung during the rainy season.
• Kajri Folk Song is related to India's largest state Uttar Pradesh as well as Bihar is a Vivah and Seasonal geet.

Rasia - Braj Lokgeet

• Rasiya is a popular genre of Indian folk music from the Braj region of Uttar Pradesh.
• The style of rasiya consists of multiple subgenres and is performed in a variety of different contexts.
• The term rasiya is the Hindi word for “epicure” which refers to the male suitors, or the god Krishna himself as depicted in the songs.

Sohar - Sanskar geet

• There is no dearth of culture in our country.
• There are rituals associated with every aspect of life.
• If we look at the songs related to the rituals, then we get to hear the most songs about birth and marriage.
• We also get songs of Upanayana Sanskar in the folklife of Chhattisgarh.
• Songs of death rites are sung in the Kabirpanthis of Chhattisgarh.
• The songs which are sung at the time of birth rites are called Sohar Geet.
• Songs of Upanayana Sanskar are called Baruwa Geet in Chhattisgarh.

Vindham Waterfall is located in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh.Vindham Waterfall:

• Vindham Fountain, located about 90 km from Varanasi, is located in the Mirzapur Region of state Uttar Pradesh.
• This wonderful cataract is managed through the woodlands division of the district.
• About 2 km from this drop is Tanda Fountain.
• A recreation area, as well as Ban Vihar, has been situated close by, which improves the attractiveness of the position.
• The closest railhead is Mirzapur Train Place, which is at the Allahabad to Buxar range.

Hence, it is clear that the Vindham Waterfall is one of the important tourist attractions of the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh.