Modern History -2 - SSC CGL Free MCQ Test with solutions

Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance (1798) to expand British control by forcing Indian states to accept British troops in exchange for protection, weakening their sovereignty.

The Revolt of 1857 was sparked by greased cartridges rumored to be coated with cow and pig fat, offending sepoys. It was largely confined to northern India, lacking coordination and national unity.

Atmaram Pandurang founded the Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay to promote social reforms, monotheism, and education, inspired by the Brahmo Samaj.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar championed widow remarriage, leading to the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856, a significant step for women’s rights.

The Swadeshi Movement (1905) was a response to the Partition of Bengal, promoting indigenous goods and boycotting British products. Statement II is incorrect as it opposed foreign goods.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Extremist leader, popularized the slogan “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it,” advocating for self-rule during the early 20th century.

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms), introduced separate electorates for Muslims and expanded legislative councils, a step toward limited self-governance.

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) was launched to protest the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, among other issues, but Statement I is partially incorrect as it wasn’t solely about the Rowlatt Act. Statement II is correct as it involved boycotts and title surrenders.

Aga Khan III, along with other Muslim leaders, founded the All India Muslim League in 1906 to represent Muslim interests, with Jinnah later becoming its prominent leader.

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when General Dyer ordered firing on a peaceful crowd protesting the repressive Rowlatt Act in Amritsar.

The Civil Disobedience Movement started with the Dandi Salt March in 1930 (Statement I is correct). Statement II is incorrect as the movement was partially suspended, not completely withdrawn, after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931).

Lala Hardayal founded the Ghadar Movement in 1913 in the USA to organize revolutionary activities against British rule, urging Indians to overthrow colonial power.

Lord Dalhousie introduced railways in India (first line in 1853) to facilitate trade, military movement, and colonial administration, significantly impacting India’s economy.

The Indian National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume in 1885 (Statement I is correct). Statement II is incorrect as the first session was held in Bombay, not Calcutta.

The Cabinet Mission (1946) proposed a federal structure with a weak center and strong provinces, aiming to resolve constitutional issues and prevent partition.

Dadabhai Naoroji’s ‘Drain Theory’ highlighted the economic exploitation of India by Britain through wealth transfer, outlined in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by Gandhi (Statement I is correct). Statement II is incorrect as the Muslim League opposed the movement, focusing on the Pakistan demand.

The Munda Rebellion (1899–1900), led by Birsa Munda in Chotanagpur, protested British land policies and missionary activities disrupting tribal land rights.

The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar (Statement I is correct). Statement II is incorrect as it replaced separate electorates with reserved seats for Depressed Classes.

The Mountbatten Plan (1947) outlined the partition of India into India and Pakistan, leading to the Indian Independence Act and independence on August 15, 1947.