Indian Geography- 2 - SSC CGL Free MCQ Test with solutions

The Subansiri River is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra, originating in the Himalayas and joining it in Assam. The Kaveri, Narmada, and Godavari are peninsular rivers and do not flow into the Brahmaputra.

The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges, formed during the Precambrian era. However, it does not significantly influence the southwest monsoon, as it is low and eroded, unlike the Western Ghats.

Alluvial soil, found in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, is highly fertile and ideal for rice cultivation due to its water-retention capacity. Black soil suits cotton, laterite supports tea, and desert soil is found in arid regions like Rajasthan.

The Tehri Dam is a multipurpose project on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand, providing irrigation and hydroelectricity. Sardar Sarovar is on the Narmada, Damodar Valley on the Damodar, and Bhakra Nangal on the Sutlej.

The southwest monsoon accounts for 75–90% of India’s rainfall, mainly from June to September. The northeast monsoon primarily affects southeastern states like Tamil Nadu, not northwestern states.

The Krishna River, a peninsular river, originates in the Western Ghats and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The Narmada and Tapi flow westward into the Arabian Sea, while the Yamuna is a Himalayan river.

The Lesser Himalayas, or Himachal, host popular hill stations like Shimla and Mussoorie due to their moderate elevation. The Greater Himalayas have high peaks, Shivaliks are foothills, and Trans-Himalayas are arid.

Rabi crops are sown in winter (October–November) and harvested in spring. Wheat is a major Rabi crop. Rice, maize, and cotton are Kharif crops, sown during the monsoon.

The Green Revolution boosted food grain production through high-yielding seeds and fertilizers. However, it caused environmental issues like soil degradation and water overuse, making statement 2 incorrect.

The Kaveri River is at the center of a long-standing water-sharing dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The Godavari, Narmada, and Yamuna have their own disputes but are not associated with these states.

Afforestation involves planting trees to prevent soil erosion by stabilizing soil with roots. Contour plowing follows land contours, terracing creates steps on slopes, and crop rotation improves soil fertility.

The Western Ghats are a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to their rich biodiversity. However, they are not fold mountains but block mountains formed by tectonic activity, and they are older than the Himalayas.

Black soil, prevalent in the Deccan Plateau, is ideal for cotton due to its moisture-retention properties. Tea grows in laterite soil, rice in alluvial soil, and wheat in alluvial or loamy soil.

The Damodar River is called the "Sorrow of Bengal" due to its history of flooding in West Bengal and Jharkhand, though controlled by the Damodar Valley Project. The Kosi is the "Sorrow of Bihar."

The Himalayas block cold Central Asian winds, maintaining India’s warmer climate, and are fold mountains formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates.

Tea is a plantation crop, grown in large estates, especially in Assam and Darjeeling. Wheat, pulses, and jowar are field crops, not grown in plantation systems.

The Banihal Pass, through the Pir Panjal Range, connects the Kashmir Valley with Jammu and the rest of India via the Jawahar Tunnel. Nathu La is in Sikkim, Rohtang in Himachal Pradesh, and Shipki La in Himachal Pradesh.

Monsoonal winds, particularly the southwest monsoon, determine rainfall patterns critical for Indian agriculture, especially for Kharif crops. The Indian Ocean, volcanic activity, and earthquakes have lesser direct impacts.

Desert soil, found in the Thar Desert, is sandy and low in fertility, making it unsuitable for most agriculture. Alluvial, black, and red soils support various crops.

Climate change causes erratic monsoons, leading to unpredictable rainfall and impacting crop yields. Soil fertility, pest activity, and groundwater levels are affected but not as directly as monsoons.