Indian Polity- 1 - SSC CGL Free MCQ Test with solutions

The Preamble is not legally enforceable in courts, as clarified in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), making Statement 1 incorrect. The 42nd Amendment (1976) added “socialist,” “secular,” and “integrity” to the Preamble, making Statement 2 correct.

Article 32, described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the “heart and soul” of the Constitution, allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Article 14 (equality), Article 19 (freedoms), and Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) serve different purposes.

The 73rd Amendment (1992) established a three-tier Panchayati Raj system for rural local governance. The 101st Amendment (GST), 86th Amendment (Right to Education), and 10th Schedule (Anti-defection) address different issues.

Mandamus is a writ issued to compel a public authority to perform a mandatory duty. Habeas Corpus (unlawful detention), Prohibition (prevent lower court action), and Certiorari (review lower court decisions) have different functions.

The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) introduced Fundamental Duties under Article 51A, inspired by the Swaran Singh Committee. Other years listed correspond to different amendments (e.g., 44th in 1978, 73rd in 1992).

DPSPs (Articles 36–51) are non-justiciable and not enforceable by courts, making Statement 1 false. Article 44 encourages the state to secure a Uniform Civil Code, making Statement 2 true.

The 42nd Amendment (1976) amended Article 74 to make the President’s actions binding on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The 44th Amendment (1978) restored some judicial powers, while the 73rd and 1st Amendments addressed other issues.

The Fourth Schedule allocates seats in the Rajya Sabha for states and Union Territories. The Second Schedule (salaries), Eighth Schedule (languages), and Tenth Schedule (anti-defection) have different purposes.

The Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) introduced the “basic structure doctrine,” limiting Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution’s core features. Other cases addressed different issues (e.g., Golak Nath on Fundamental Rights, Minerva Mills on DPSPs).

Article 123 allows the President to issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session. Article 356 (President’s Rule), Article 368 (amendment procedure), and Article 74 (Council of Ministers’ advice) serve different functions.

The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in disputes between states or between the Centre and states (Article 131), making Statement 1 correct. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President, not the Prime Minister, making Statement 2 false.

The 101st Amendment (2016) introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The 86th Amendment (Right to Education), 103rd Amendment (EWS reservation), and Tenth Schedule (Anti-defection) address other issues.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the first Home Minister of Independent India (1947), as confirmed in Q.14 of the provided SSC CGL PDF.

The Eighth Schedule lists the 22 official languages of India. The Fifth Schedule (Scheduled Areas), Ninth Schedule (laws protected from judicial review), and Twelfth Schedule (municipalities) have different purposes.

The Golak Nath case (1967), as mentioned in Q.20 of the SSC CGL PDF, ruled that Parliament cannot abridge Fundamental Rights to implement DPSPs. Other cases addressed related but distinct issues.

The 86th Amendment (2002) added Article 21A, making education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6–14 years. Other amendments addressed different provisions.

The 74th Amendment (1992) established Urban Local Bodies like municipalities and municipal corporations. The 73rd Amendment (Panchayati Raj), 101st Amendment (GST), and Tenth Schedule (Anti-defection) are unrelated.

Article 356 allows the President to impose President’s Rule in a state if its constitutional machinery fails. Article 123 (ordinances), Article 368 (amendments), and Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) have different roles.

The 103rd Amendment (2019) introduced a 10% reservation for EWS in education and jobs, making both Statements 1 and 2 correct.

The Nyaya Vikas Portal, launched by the Department of Justice in 2023, enables real-time monitoring of Centrally Sponsored Schemes for strengthening judicial infrastructure.