Concept of State - 2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, Humanities

Sovereignty is described as the crucial factor that distinguishes a State from other associations, being an essential characteristic for the formation and existence of a State.

John Locke, in his "Two Treatises of Government," stated that the state of nature ensured three rights to individuals: life, liberty, and property, though it lacked the machinery to enforce these rights.

Social Democratic States focus on fairness, equality, and equal distribution of wealth to achieve social, political, and economic justice and empowerment for their people.

Chalmers Johnson is credited with seriously conceptualizing the Developmental State, emphasizing its role in economic development through strong state intervention and policy measures.

The Patriarchal Theory, supported by thinkers like R.M. MacIver, suggests that the State originates from the expansion of families into tribes, with family discipline and obedience forming the basis of government.

Totalitarian States, as described by thinkers like Hegel and dictators like Hitler, hold that the State has absolute power, and individuals have no rights against it, controlling all aspects of life.

Modern Welfare States include functions like providing social security to vulnerable groups such as the elderly, widows, orphans, and the disabled, alongside other social and economic benefits.

Hobbes described the state of nature as a condition of unmitigated selfishness and struggle, whereas Locke viewed it as pre-political, where individuals had rights to life, liberty, and property but faced inconveniences due to lack of enforcement.

A society qualifies as a State when it is governed by a common set of laws, rules, and regulations, and obeys a supreme authority, fulfilling the need for political organization.

Stephen Leacock stated that a State’s population must be sufficient to maintain its organization but should not exceed the territorial area and resources the State can support.