Basics Fundamentals & Link Layer - 2 - GATE CSE (CSE) Computer Networks

A distributed system is also the same as computer network but the main difference is that the whole collection of computers appears to its users as a single coherent system.

Answer: b

For two devices to be in a network, they must be able to exchange information with each other. This can be achieved by running processes on both devices that are capable of communicating with each other.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Answer: d
An overlay network is a computer network that is built on top of another network.

Answer: d
 In a computer network, a node can be anything that is capable of sending data or receiving data or even routing the data to its destination. Routers, Computers and Smartphones are some examples of network nodes.

Answer: a
An example of a broadcast network is a Local Area Network (LAN) where all the devices on the network share a common communication channel, and data packets are broadcasted to all the connected devices on the network. Hence, the correct answer to the given question is option 'A' i.e., broadcast network.

• Because it can only be utilized in our personal space, Bluetooth is a form of personal area network. So, when you use Bluetooth to share data from your phone, you establish a network known as a personal area network.
• A personal area network is something like a Bluetooth mouse, keyboard, or headphones, for instance.
• The link between a Bluetooth earpiece and a smartphone is one of the most typical real-world instances of a PAN.

Answer: a

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.

Answer: c

Protocol Stack - A protocol stack is a set of protocols that work together to enable communication between different layers of a system. It is a hierarchical structure in which each layer depends on the layer below it and provides services to the layer above it.

The protocols used by a system, one protocol per layer, is called a protocol stack. The layers of the protocol stack are typically defined by the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which is a conceptual framework for understanding the communication between different systems.

Layers of a Protocol Stack- The OSI model defines seven layers of a protocol stack, each with its own set of protocols. The layers, from bottom to top, are:

1. Physical Layer: This layer deals with the physical transmission of data over a medium.

2. Data Link Layer: This layer provides reliable transmission of data over a physical link.

3. Network Layer: This layer provides routing and addressing services for data packets.

4. Transport Layer: This layer provides reliable end-to-end delivery of data between systems.

5. Session Layer: This layer manages the communication sessions between systems.

6. Presentation Layer: This layer provides data formatting, encryption, and compression services.

7. Application Layer: This layer provides services to applications that use the network.

Each layer of the protocol stack uses a specific set of protocols to provide its services. These protocols work together to ensure that data is transmitted reliably and efficiently between systems.

Answer:b

Network congestion occurs when traffic in the network is more than the network could handle.

Answer: a

A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

Answer: b