NDA (National Defence Academy) General Ability Mock Test - 2 Free Online

"Otherwise" indicates a consequence of not hurrying. The other options suggest examples, simultaneous actions, or a summary.

"Yet" shows a contrast between the stormy weather and the match proceeding. The other options imply reason, example, or result.

"But" contrasts the risky plan with its success. The other options suggest result, reason, or addition.

On the other hand contrasts disliking cold weather with enjoying winter sports. The other options imply result, reason, or restatement.

The correct answer is "PRSQ."

Key Points

• The topic of the sentence (modern Chinese and their origins) is introduced first (P).
• Then, the location of the origins is mentioned, which is the Yellow River in the North China Plain (R).
• This is followed by the reason for the origins being significant, which is that it was a "cradle of civilization" in the "fertile basin" (S) of the Yellow River. (Q)
• This sequence forms a complete and coherent sentence.

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: P Modern Chinese trace their R origins to a cradle of civilization S in the fertile basin of the Q Yellow River in the North China Plain.

The correct answer is: Option A.
Key Points

• The word "pernicious" means something that is harmful or having a detrimental effect. (हानिकारक)
  • Example: Smoking has a pernicious effect on health.
• "Harmful" refers to something causing or likely to cause harm. (हानिकारक)
  • Example: The chemicals in the factory are harmful to the workers.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option A.
Additional Information
Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Innocuous (अहानिकर): Not harmful or offensive.
  • Example: The joke was meant to be innocuous, but some people took offense.
• Positive (सकारात्मक): Characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance.
  • Example: She has a positive outlook on life.
• Tricky (चालाक): Difficult to deal with or handle.
  • Example: Solving this puzzle is quite tricky.

The correct answer is: imbecilic.

Key Points

• The word "doltish" means someone who is stupid or foolish. (मूर्ख)
  • Example: His doltish comments during the meeting embarrassed everyone.
• "Imbecilic" refers to behavior that is extremely foolish or stupid. (मूर्खतापूर्ण)
  • Example: His imbecilic decisions led the project to fail.
• Hence, we can infer that the word 'imbecilic' is nearest in meaning to 'doltish'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: imbecilic.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Wise (बुद्धिमान): Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.
  • Example: The wise old man gave us valuable advice.
• Clever (चतुर): Quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas; intelligent.
  • Example: She is very clever at solving puzzles.
• Precocious (अल्पायु में प्रवीण): Having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual.
  • Example: The precocious child was reading books meant for older children.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "groundbreaking" means something that is innovative, pioneering, or introducing new ideas or methods. (अभिनव)
  • Example: The company's groundbreaking technology has revolutionized the industry.
• "Innovative" refers to introducing new ideas, methods, or products; creative and original in thinking. (नवोन्मेषी)
  • Example: The innovative design of the smartphone set it apart from its competitors.
• Hence, we can infer that the word 'groundbreaking' is nearest in meaning to 'innovative'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Trivial (तुच्छ): Of little value or importance.
  • Example: The issue seemed trivial compared to the larger problems we faced.
• Usual (सामान्य): Habitually or typically occurring or done; customary.
  • Example: She went about her usual routine without any interruptions.
• Outdated (पुराना): No longer current or in fashion.
  • Example: The software was outdated and needed an upgrade.

The correct answer is “'Piece' means a small part of something, and 'peace' means a state of tranquility and harmony.”.

Key Points

• Piece: A small part or portion of something.
• Example: "She cut the cake into eight pieces."
• Peace: A state of tranquility, harmony, and freedom from disturbance.
• Example: "The country has been at peace for many years."

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Option a’

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. hidden.

Key Points

• The word "blatant" means something that is very obvious and done openly, without any shame. (स्पष्ट रूप से)
  • Example: His blatant disregard for the rules was noticed by everyone.
• "Hidden" refers to something that is concealed or not easily seen or noticed. (छिपा हुआ)
  • Example: There was a hidden door behind the bookshelf.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'blatant' is 'hidden'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. hidden.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Obvious (स्पष्ट): Easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent.
  • Example: It was obvious that she was upset after the meeting.
• Conspicuous (विशिष्ट): Standing out so as to be clearly visible.
  • Example: His bright red coat made him conspicuous in the crowd.
• Overt (प्रकट): Done or shown openly; plainly or readily apparent, not secret or hidden.
  • Example: There was an overt display of affection between the couple.

The word dupe has been used in the context that the e-commerce companies cannot do something that will affect the interests of the consumers once the new set of rules comes into force. Among the given words we can choose the word deceive as the synonym whereas the rest are irrelevant in this context. Deceive means to cheat somebody or trick somebody into something. 

Arihant is a class of nuclear–powered ballistic missile submarine. AWACS, abbreviation of Airborne Warning and Control System, is a mobile, long–range surveillance and control centre for air defence, developed by the U.S. Air Force, is mounted on Boeing 707 aircraft. Atlas – Centaur is an American expendable launch system. It is the first production rocket stage to use cryogenic propellent. Nag is a third generation fire–and–forget" anti-tank missile of India.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Key PointsRight to Legal Aid

• The Constitution of India includes the right to legal aid under the Directive Principles of State Policy. This is found in Article 39A of the Constitution, which emphasizes that the state should ensure that the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
  • As such, the statement that under the Constitution of India, the right to legal aid is given under the Directive Principles of State Policy is Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The second statement regarding the duty of the police to inform the nearest Legal Aid Committee immediately after the arrest of a person is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. This is more a procedural aspect that might be covered under different laws and regulations pertaining to the criminal justice system, and the specific practices can vary. However, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) in India does mandate that a person arrested without a warrant must be informed of the grounds of arrest, and must have the right to consult a lawyer of their choice, which aligns with the broader principle of legal aid.
  • However, the direct obligation of the police to inform the nearest Legal Aid Committee immediately after arrest is not a constitutional provision but is part of procedural laws and guidelines issued by various authorities. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• The concept of legal aid is crucial for ensuring access to justice for all citizens, especially the poor and marginalized. It includes not just representation in court but also legal advice, education, and awareness.
• Article 39A was introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, emphasizing the commitment of the state to a fair legal system.
• The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 was enacted by the Parliament to give effect to Article 39A. This Act provides for a statutory base for legal aid programs throughout the country on a uniform pattern.
• This Act establishes a nationwide network of legal services authorities and committees from the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) at the top, to the State Legal Services Authorities, District Legal Services Authorities, Taluk Legal Services Committees, High Court Legal Services Committees, and Supreme Court Legal Services Committee to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society.
• The principle behind legal aid is that justice should not be denied to any citizen because of economic or other disabilities. This is an essential aspect of any fair and just legal system that aims to uphold the rule of law and ensure equality before the law.

The correct answer is Option 1.

In News

• News: Project Gaia: Enabling climate risk analysis using generative AI.

Key Points

Project Gaia

• It aims to help analysts search corporate climate-related disclosures and extract data quickly and efficiently using artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs). Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• By automating information extraction, the Gaia PoC enabled the comprehensive analysis of climate-related indicators.
• Gaia Phase I has surveyed climate risk experts from central banks and supervisory authorities, designed a solution that addresses the requirements articulated by these experts and delivered a proof of concept (PoC) demonstrating the technical feasibility of the concept.
• It offered harmonised metrics despite the heterogeneity of naming conventions and definitions across different jurisdictions.
• The combination of semantic search together with iterative and systematic LLM prompting enabled Gaia to overcome differences in disclosure frameworks. This offers much-needed transparency and comparability of climate-related information.
• Gaia demonstrates the power of creating AI-enabled intelligent tools to automate existing workflows.
• Generative AI promises to change the way we work in the future, and Project Gaia is one of the first comprehensive studies investigating how this can be done in practice.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• It is an Indian food Security System established under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The Public Distribution System (PDS) evolved as a system of management of scarcity through the distribution of food grains at affordable prices.
• It helps in ensuring the Food and Nutritional Security of the nation.
• PDS is supplemental in nature and is not intended to make available the entire requirement of any of the commodities distributed under it to a household or a section of society.
• PDS is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State Governments. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• It maintains the buffer stock of food grains in the warehouse. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• The Central Government, through the Food Corporation of India (FCI), has assumed the responsibility for the procurement, storage, transportation, and bulk allocation of food grains to the State Governments.
• The operational responsibility including allocation within the State, identification of eligible families, Issue of Ration Cards, and supervision of the functioning of Fair Price Shops (FPSs), etc., rests with the State Governments.
• Under the PDS, presently the commodities namely wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene are being allocated to the States/UTs for distribution.
• Some states/UTs also distribute additional items of mass consumption through PDS outlets such as pulses, edible oils, iodized salt, spices, etc.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

Semi-classical style of Hindustani music

• The Hindustani branch of music focuses more on the musical structure and the possibilities of improvisation in it.
• The Hindustani branch adopted a scale of Shudha Swara Saptaka or the ‘Octave of Natural Notes’.
• Semi-classical style of music is based on Swara (note).
• However, they slightly deviate from the standard structure of the raga in the way that lighter versions of ragas like Bhoopali or Malkaush are used.
• They employ a lighter version of tala and use madhyam or dhrut laya, i.e., they are faster in tempo.
• They emphasise more on bhava and lyrics than alap-jor-jhala.
• Some of the prominent semi-classical styles like thumri, tappa, kajari and ghazal.

The correct answer is Only two

Key Points

President:

• Articles 52 to 78 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the Union executive.
• The Union executive consists of the President, the VicePresident, the Prime Minister, the council of ministers and the attorney general of India.
• ​The President is the head of the Indian State.
• He is the first citizen of India and acts as the symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of the nation.
• The President can pardon sentences inflicted by court-martial (military courts) while the governor cannot. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• The President has no veto power in respect of a constitutional amendment bill. The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971 made it obligatory for the President to give his assent to a constitutional amendment bill. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The nominated members of either House of Parliament can participate in the impeachment of the President though they do not participate in his election; Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The elected members of the legislative assemblies of states and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry do not participate in the impeachment of the President though they participate in his election.

The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet. Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. Air is the name given to the atmosphere used in breathing and photosynthesis. Dry air contains roughly (by volume) 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Gibraltar: It is a British overseas territory located on a narrow peninsula along Spain's southern Mediterranean coast, just northeast of the Strait of Gibraltar, and is claimed by Spain.

• The Falklands, with a population of just over 3,000 people, are situated nearly 13,000 km from London and about 480 km from Argentina’s coast.
• In 1982, Britain deployed a military task force to reclaim the Falkland Islands after Argentine forces invaded and asserted sovereignty over them.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.
Key Points

• The Katapayadi System of Numerals:
  • The Katapayadi system is a unique way of representing numbers using the Sanskrit alphabet.
  • Each numeral is associated with a specific consonant in the Katapayadi sequence.
  • This system was indeed invented by Vararuchi of Kerala, who is also known for his work "Chandra Vakyas."
  • The Katapayadi system was used for various calculations, including determining the position of celestial bodies like the Moon on any given day of the year.
• Achyuta Pisharati did write "Uparagakriyakrama," a text on eclipses.
• Ravi Varma of Mahodayapuram and the Observatory:
  • ​Ravi Varma, associated with Mahodayapuram, is credited with setting up an observatory.
  • Additionally, he is said to have inaugurated the Kollam era, which is a regional calendar system.
  • Observatories during medieval times were crucial for astronomical observations, aiding in the understanding of celestial events and timekeeping.

Additional Information
Achyuta Pisharodi (c. 1550 – 7 July 1621) was a versatile scholar from Kerala, India, associated with Madhava of Sangamagrama's Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. His contributions include:

• Narayaneeyam Collaboration:
  • Notably remembered for his involvement in the composition of his student Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's devotional poem, Narayaneeyam.
• Astrological and Astronomical Works:
  • Authored several key works such as Sphuta-nirnaya, Raasi-gola-sphutaneeti, Karanottama (1593), Uparagakriyakrama (a four-chapter treatise on lunar and solar eclipses), Chāyāṣṭaka, Uparāgaviṃśati, and Rāśigolasphuṭānīti.
• Sanskrit Grammar:
  • Contributed to Sanskrit grammar with his work Praveśaka, serving as an introduction to the subject.
• Astronomical Computation:
  • His work Karaṇottama dealt with the computation of the mean and true longitudes of planets, eclipses, and vyatūpātas of the sun and moon.
• Commentary and Adaptations:
  • Provided a Malayalam commentary on the Veṇvāroha of Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma, known as Veṇvārohavyākhyā.
  • Additionally, he adapted the Jātakapaddhati of Śrīpati in his work Horāsāroccaya.

Data rates over Ethernet can be upto 100 gigabits per second. Ethernet has a good degree of compatability.

The correct answer is 1- C, 2- A, 3- D, 4- B.

Key Points

• For effective conservation of flora and fauna, special steps have been initiated by the Government of India in collaboration with UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme.
• There are 106 National parks and 564 wildlife sanctuaries in the country.
• The Government of India has enacted the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
  • The objective of this act is to effectively protecting the wildlife of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives.
  • The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and the penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.
• Project Tiger has been implemented since 1973.
  • The main objective of the scheme is to ensure the maintenance of the viable population of tigers in India for scientific, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values, and to preserve areas of biological importance as a natural heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people.
  • Initially, the Project Tiger was launched in 9 tiger reserves, which has now increased to 53 tiger reserves distributed in 17 states.
• Project Elephant was launched in 1992 to assist states having a free-ranging population of wild elephants.
  • It was aimed at ensuring the long-term survival of the identified viable population of elephants in their natural habitat.
  • The project is being implemented in 17 states.
• Project Crocodile was launched in 1975.
  • The first gharial breeding centre was built in Nandankanan Zoological Park.
  • The Gharial and Saltwater crocodile conservation project was first started in Odisha in 1975 and subsequently, the Mugger conservation programme was initiated.
  • It was implemented with the financial aid of the United Nations Development Fund and the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Additional Information

• Eighteen biosphere reserves have been set up in India to protect flora and fauna.
  • Twelve out of these, Sundarbans, Nanda Devi, Gulf of Mannar, Nilgiri, Nokrek, Great Nicobar, Manas, S​impala, Pachmarhi Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Agasthyamala, Khangchendzonga National Park and Panna have been included in the World network of biosphere reserves.
  • The World network of biosphere reserves is the part of UNSECO Man and Biosphere Project.

The correct answer is Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) + H₂O (l).
Key Points

• While whitewashing, Ca(OH)₂ reacts slowly with CO₂ in the air to form a thin layer of CaCO₃ on the walls.
• Ca(OH)₂ is Calcium hydroxide, CO₂ is Carbon dioxide, and CaCO₃ is Calcium carbonate.
• Calcium carbonate is formed 2-3 days after whitewashing, and thus we get a shiny finish on the wall.
• The following reaction takes place in the given case:
  • Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) + H₂O (l)

Additional Information

• The common name of Calcium hydroxide is 'slaked lime' and the saturated solution of Calcium hydroxide is known as 'limewater'.
• Calcium carbonate is commonly known as 'limestone'.
• CaO is Calcium oxide.
• CaSO₄ is Calcium sulphate.
• CaCl₂ is Calcium chloride.

The correct answer is '(a), (b), (c) and (d)'.

Key Points

Let's have a look at all options:

• Soil is the basis for all terrestrial lives including humans. Thus, through the ways of Soil formation and Prevention of soil erosion, Biodiversity forms the basis of human existence.
• Biological diversity performs the vital function of recycling waste which is necessary for the maintenance of Human life.
• Pollination of crops is critical for food production and human livelihoods.
• In these ways, Biodiversity forms the basis of human existence.

Thus, the correct answer is (a), (b), (c) and (d).

Correct Answer:C

An upper endoscopy is a procedure used to visually examine your upper digestive system with a tiny camera on the end of a long, flexible tube.

Basically, a typical endoscope uses fiber optics, which allow for effective transmitting of light. The optical fiber allows for light to travel through curved paths, which makes one of the best systems to view spaces that would normally be difficult to reach. Here, total internal reflection makes it possible for light to travel along the fibers with the light rays hitting the fiber walls at an angle (minimum angle of 82 degree).

Fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportions: (1) six macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S); and (ii) eight micronutrients: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and nickel {Ni}.