Minerals And Power Resources, Geography, Class 8 -Test - Class 8 MCQ

Non-Metallic Mineral:
Limestone
Explanation:
Limestone is a non-metallic mineral, which means it does not contain any metal elements. It is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, a chemical compound that is not considered a metal. Limestone is commonly used in construction materials, such as cement and concrete, as well as in the production of lime, which is used in a variety of industrial processes.
Other options mentioned in the question are:
- Iron ore: Iron ore is a metallic mineral that contains iron elements. It is used in the production of iron and steel.
- Bauxite: Bauxite is a metallic mineral that contains aluminum elements. It is the main source of aluminum and is used in the production of aluminum products.
- Manganese ore: Manganese ore is a metallic mineral that contains manganese elements. It is used in the production of steel and other alloys.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Limestone. It is the only option mentioned that is a non-metallic mineral.

Continent that produces more than half of the world's tin:
According to the given information, the continent that produces more than half of the world's tin is Asia.
Explanation:
- Tin is a widely used metal in various industries, including electronics, construction, and packaging.
- The majority of global tin production comes from several countries in Asia.
- Here are some key points about tin production in Asia:
- China: China is the largest producer of tin in the world. It has abundant tin reserves and a well-developed mining industry.
- Indonesia: Indonesia is another major tin producer in Asia. The country is known for its extensive tin mining operations.
- Myanmar: Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a significant tin producer in Asia. It has several tin mines that contribute to global production.
- Malaysia: Malaysia is a notable tin producer, particularly in the state of Perak. The country has a long history of tin mining.
- Collectively, these Asian countries, along with other smaller tin-producing nations in the region, contribute to more than half of the world's tin production.
- Other continents like Africa, Europe, and South America also have tin production, but their combined output is less than that of Asia.
- Therefore, the correct answer is Asia (Option B).
In conclusion, Asia is the continent that produces more than half of the world's tin.

Leading Producer of Iron Ore
The leading producer of iron ore in the world is Australia. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Iron Ore Production
- Iron ore is a crucial raw material for the production of steel, making it an essential commodity for various industries.
- Different countries around the world mine and produce iron ore to meet the global demand.
2. Australia's Dominance
- Australia is the leading producer of iron ore globally, accounting for a significant share of the total production.
- The country has vast iron ore reserves and is known for its high-quality iron ore deposits.
- Western Australia, in particular, is a major hub for iron ore mining in the country.
3. Factors Contributing to Australia's Dominance
- Abundant Reserves: Australia possesses vast reserves of iron ore, making it a dominant player in the global market.
- High Quality: Australian iron ore is known for its high iron content and low impurities, making it highly sought after by steel producers.
- Efficient Mining Operations: Australia has well-established and efficient mining operations that contribute to its high production levels.
- Infrastructure: The country has developed robust infrastructure, including railways and ports, to facilitate the transportation and export of iron ore.
4. Global Iron Ore Market
- While Australia is the leading producer, other continents also contribute to the global iron ore market.
- South America, particularly Brazil, is another significant producer of iron ore.
- Other countries such as China, India, and Russia also have substantial iron ore production.
In conclusion, Australia is the leading producer of iron ore in the world. Its abundant reserves, high-quality deposits, and efficient mining operations have established its dominance in the global market. However, it is important to note that iron ore production is not limited to Australia, and other continents and countries also play a significant role in meeting the global demand for this essential commodity.

Orissa: is the largest bauxite producing state accounting for more than half of the total production of India. 
The total recoverable reserves in the state are estimated at 1,370.5 million tones. 
The main bauxite belt is in Kalahandi and Koraput districts and extends further into Andhra Pradesh.

Answer:
The name given to the electricity produced from coal is Thermal power.
Here is a detailed explanation:
What is Thermal Power?
Thermal power refers to the electricity generated by using heat energy from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or natural gas. In the case of coal, the process involves burning coal in a boiler to produce steam. This steam is then used to drive a turbine connected to a generator, which ultimately produces electricity.
Key Points:
- Thermal power is one of the most common methods of generating electricity worldwide.
- Coal is a widely used fossil fuel for thermal power generation due to its abundance and affordability.
- The process of converting coal into electricity involves burning coal to produce heat, which is then used to generate steam.
- The steam produced from coal combustion drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator.
- The generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy, resulting in the production of electricity.
- Thermal power plants that utilize coal as a fuel source are known as coal-fired power plants.
- Despite its widespread use, thermal power generation from coal has environmental concerns due to the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants during the combustion process.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the name given to the electricity produced from coal is thermal power. It is a widely used method of generating electricity by burning coal to produce steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator.

Conventional Sources of Energy
Introduction:
Conventional sources of energy are those that have been widely used for a long time and are readily available in nature. These sources are used to generate power and are commonly used in various industries and for domestic purposes. In the given options, we need to determine which one is a conventional source of energy.
Options:
1. Coal: Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon. It is one of the most abundant fossil fuels and has been used as a source of energy for centuries. Coal is burned to produce heat, which is then used to generate electricity.
2. Petroleum: Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Petroleum is processed in refineries to produce various products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
3. Natural Gas: Natural gas is a flammable gas that consists primarily of methane. It is found alongside petroleum deposits or in separate underground reservoirs. Natural gas is used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation.
Conclusion:
All of the options mentioned in the question (Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas) are conventional sources of energy. These sources have been widely used for many years and continue to play a significant role in meeting the energy demands of the world.

Statement: All ores are rocks but all rocks are not minerals.
Explanation:
To determine the correctness of the given statement, let's understand the definitions of ores, rocks, and minerals:
- Ores: Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain valuable minerals or elements that can be extracted for industrial use or economic purposes.
- Rocks: Rocks are solid natural substances composed of minerals or mineral-like materials.
- Minerals: Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
Now, let's analyze the given statement:
- All ores are rocks: This is true because ores are specific types of rocks that contain valuable minerals. Ores are formed either by the concentration of minerals within a rock or by the alteration of existing minerals in a rock.
- All rocks are not minerals: This is also true because while rocks are composed of minerals, not all rocks are considered minerals. Rocks can contain a mixture of different minerals or non-mineral materials like organic matter or volcanic glass.
Therefore, the given statement is true:
- All ores are rocks but all rocks are not minerals.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is A: True.

Quarrying is not good for the environment
Quarrying, the process of extracting rocks and minerals from the earth's surface, has several negative impacts on the environment. Here are some reasons why quarrying is not good for the environment:
1. Habitat destruction: Quarrying involves the removal of vegetation and topsoil, leading to the destruction of natural habitats for plants and animals.
2. Loss of biodiversity: Quarrying disrupts ecosystems and can lead to the extinction of certain plant and animal species. It reduces the overall biodiversity of the area.
3. Water pollution: Quarrying activities often require the use of explosives and heavy machinery, which can contaminate nearby water sources with sediment, chemicals, and other pollutants.
4. Air pollution: Dust and emissions from quarrying machinery contribute to air pollution, affecting the air quality in the surrounding areas. This can have adverse effects on human health.
5. Land degradation: Quarrying can result in the creation of large open pits and the accumulation of waste materials, which can permanently alter the landscape and lead to soil erosion.
6. Noise pollution: Quarrying operations generate significant noise, which can disturb wildlife, disrupt local communities, and have negative impacts on the well-being of nearby residents.
7. Visual impact: Quarries often leave behind scars on the landscape, altering the natural beauty of the area and impacting tourism and recreational activities.
8. Climate change: The extraction and transportation of minerals from quarries contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, thereby exacerbating climate change.
In conclusion, quarrying is not good for the environment due to its detrimental effects on habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, water and air pollution, land degradation, noise pollution, visual impact, and contribution to climate change. It is important to consider alternative practices and sustainable approaches to minimize the negative impacts of quarrying on the environment.

- The statement claims that mineral fuels like coal and petroleum are found in sedimentary strata.
- We need to determine whether this statement is true or false.
Explanation:
- Mineral fuels like coal and petroleum are indeed found in sedimentary strata.
- Sedimentary strata are layers of sedimentary rock that form from the accumulation of sediments over time.
- Coal is a fossil fuel that forms from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. It is primarily found in sedimentary rocks such as shale and limestone.
- Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is typically found in porous sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone and limestone, where it has migrated and accumulated over time.
- Both coal and petroleum are considered mineral fuels and are primarily found in sedimentary strata.
Conclusion:
- Based on the explanation above, the statement is true.
- Mineral fuels like coal and petroleum are indeed found in sedimentary strata.

Explanation:
The statement is false. Coal is actually more predominant in the Appalachian region than in the Canadian Shield region. Here's why:
Geological Factors:
- The Appalachian region has extensive coal deposits that formed during the Carboniferous period, around 300 million years ago. These deposits are rich in bituminous coal, making the region a major coal producer in the past.
- The Canadian Shield, on the other hand, is primarily composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with limited coal-bearing formations.
Historical Coal Production:
- Historically, the Appalachian region has been a significant coal-producing area. States like West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky have a long history of coal mining and have been major contributors to the coal industry in the United States.
- In contrast, coal production in the Canadian Shield region has been relatively minimal and limited to certain areas like Nova Scotia and parts of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Current Coal Production:
- Although coal production has declined in recent years due to a shift towards cleaner energy sources, the Appalachian region still accounts for a significant portion of coal production in the United States.
- In Canada, coal production has decreased significantly, and the country has been actively transitioning towards renewable energy sources.
In summary, coal is more predominant in the Appalachian region compared to the Canadian Shield region.

Analysis:
To determine whether the statement is true or false, we need to examine the information about copper production in Chile and Peru.
Evidence:
1. Chile: Chile is the largest producer of copper in the world. It accounts for approximately one-third of the global copper production.
2. Peru: Peru is the second-largest producer of copper in the world. It contributes significantly to the global copper supply.
Explanation:
Based on the evidence provided, we can conclude that both Chile and Peru are leading producers of copper. Therefore, the statement is true.
Conclusion:
The statement "Chile and Peru are leading producers of copper" is true.

Claim: Kolar in Karnataka has large deposits of silver.
Evaluation:
To evaluate the claim, we need to examine the presence of large deposits of silver in Kolar, Karnataka.
1. Historical Background:
- Kolar is a historic gold mining region in Karnataka, known for its gold mines.
- However, there is no significant historical evidence or records suggesting large deposits of silver in Kolar.
2. Geological Survey:
- Geological surveys and studies conducted in Kolar have primarily focused on gold mining.
- There is limited or no specific data or findings regarding large deposits of silver in the region.
3. Official Sources:
- The Geological Survey of India (GSI) does not list Kolar as a significant silver deposit area.
- Official mining and mineral exploration reports also do not mention Kolar as a prominent silver mining location.
Conclusion:
Based on the available information, it can be concluded that the claim that Kolar in Karnataka has large deposits of silver is False.

Is copper an element used in almost everything?
Answer: True
Copper is indeed an element that is used in a wide range of applications. Here are some key points to support this statement:
- Versatility: Copper is a highly versatile metal that possesses excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability, making it suitable for various uses.
- Electrical industry: Copper is extensively used in the electrical industry. It is a primary material for electrical wiring, power generation, and transmission due to its low electrical resistance and high conductivity.
- Plumbing and piping: Copper is commonly used in plumbing and piping systems. Its resistance to corrosion and ability to withstand high temperatures make it an ideal choice for transporting water and other fluids.
- Architecture and construction: Copper is utilized in architecture and construction for roofing, gutters, facades, and decorative elements. It is valued for its aesthetic appeal, durability, and resistance to weathering.
- Transportation: Copper is found in various transportation applications, such as wiring, connectors, motors, and brakes. Its conductivity and reliability make it essential for the functioning of vehicles and aircraft.
- Electronics: Copper is present in numerous electronic devices, including smartphones, computers, televisions, and audio equipment. It is used in circuit boards, connectors, and other components due to its excellent electrical properties.
- Industrial machinery: Copper is used in machinery and equipment across different industries. It is employed in motors, transformers, generators, and heat exchangers, benefiting from its conductivity and heat transfer capabilities.
- Cookware and utensils: Copper is valued in the culinary world for its exceptional heat conductivity. It is used in the production of pots, pans, and utensils, ensuring efficient heat distribution during cooking.
In conclusion, copper is an element that finds extensive use in a wide range of industries and applications due to its unique properties, making it an essential material in the modern world.

Answer:

Introduction:

Bauxite is an important mineral that is the primary ore of aluminum. It is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. In this response, we will determine whether the statement "Bauxite is the ore of aluminium" is true or false.

Evidence and Explanation:

- Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminum. It is formed through the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks and soils over millions of years.
- The main components of bauxite are gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore, which are aluminum hydroxide minerals.
- Aluminum is extracted from bauxite through a process called the Bayer process. This involves crushing the bauxite and then treating it with a sodium hydroxide solution to dissolve the aluminum compounds.
- The resulting solution is then filtered to remove impurities and subjected to various chemical reactions to extract pure aluminum.
- Aluminum is a lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal that has numerous applications in various industries, including aerospace, construction, transportation, and packaging.

Conclusion:

Based on the evidence presented, it can be concluded that the statement "Bauxite is the ore of aluminium" is true. Bauxite is indeed the primary ore from which aluminum is extracted.

False
Nuclear power can only be produced from specific elements that have unstable nuclei, which can undergo nuclear reactions. Most elements do not have these characteristics, so they cannot be used to produce nuclear power. Here are some key points to support this answer:
- Nuclear power is generated through a process called nuclear fission, where the nucleus of an atom is split into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.
- Only certain elements, such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239, have nuclei that are unstable enough to undergo fission reactions.
- These elements are known as fissile materials because they can sustain a chain reaction of nuclear fission.
- Other elements, such as iron or carbon, have stable nuclei that cannot undergo fission reactions, so they cannot be used to produce nuclear power.
- The process of nuclear fission requires careful control and regulation to prevent accidents and ensure the safe production of energy.
- Nuclear power plants use fissile materials as fuel and employ various safety measures to prevent the release of radioactive materials.
In conclusion, nuclear power can only be produced from specific elements with unstable nuclei, and not from the nuclei of most elements.