Control And Coordination - Class 10 MCQ

Answer:
The gland known as the master gland is the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, in the middle of the skull. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating and controlling the functions of other endocrine glands in the body.
Here are some key points about the pituitary gland:
1. Location: The pituitary gland is situated just below the hypothalamus, which is part of the brain.
2. Size: Despite its small size, the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
3. Hormones: The pituitary gland produces and releases several important hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and oxytocin.
4. Regulation: The pituitary gland is regulated by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
5. Function: The hormones produced by the pituitary gland regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress response, and various other bodily functions.
6. Disorders: Dysfunction of the pituitary gland can lead to various disorders, including growth hormone deficiency, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, and hypopituitarism.
In conclusion, the pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases several important hormones that are essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.

The hindbrain and its components
The hindbrain is one of the three major regions of the brain, along with the forebrain and midbrain. It is located at the back of the skull and is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions and coordinating movement. One of the structures within the hindbrain is the pons.
The pons
The pons is a structure located in the hindbrain, specifically in the brainstem. It is situated above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. The pons plays a crucial role in relaying signals between different parts of the brain and spinal cord. It helps to coordinate movements and maintain balance.
Other components of the hindbrain
In addition to the pons, the hindbrain also includes the following structures:
1. Medulla oblongata: Located below the pons, the medulla oblongata controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
2. Cerebellum: Situated at the back of the brain, the cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining posture, and balance.
3. Reticular formation: This network of neurons spans the entire length of the brainstem and is involved in regulating sleep, arousal, and attention.
4. Fourth ventricle: This fluid-filled cavity is located in the hindbrain and helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid, providing cushioning and nutrients to the brain.
Conclusion
The hindbrain is an essential part of the brain that is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions and coordinating movement. The pons, along with other structures such as the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, reticular formation, and fourth ventricle, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and facilitating proper functioning of the nervous system.

Reflex action does not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.