Basic General Knowledge Quiz - 3 - Current Affairs MCQ

The headquarters of the United Nations is a distinctive complex in New York City (USA). The United Nations has three additional, subsidiary, regional headquarters or headquarter districts. These are located in Geneva (Switzerland), Vienna (Austria), and Nairobi (Kenya).

The First International Peace Congress was held in London in 1843 AD.
Explanation:
- The International Peace Congress is a gathering of individuals and organizations with the goal of promoting peace and resolving conflicts through diplomatic means.
- The first congress was held in London in 1843 AD, marking the beginning of a series of international peace conferences that have been held since then.
- The congress was organized by a group of peace activists, including Richard Cobden, a British politician and economist, and Louis Blanc, a French socialist thinker.
- The main objective of the congress was to discuss and find solutions to the various conflicts and tensions prevailing at that time, particularly in Europe.
- The congress attracted participants from different countries, including politicians, diplomats, scholars, and activists, who came together to exchange ideas, propose peace treaties, and promote peaceful resolutions to international disputes.
- The congress also played a significant role in establishing the groundwork for future peace movements and organizations, such as the International Peace Bureau and the United Nations.
- The London Congress of 1843 laid the foundation for subsequent peace congresses and set a precedent for international cooperation and dialogue in the pursuit of peace.
In conclusion, the First International Peace Congress was held in London in 1843 AD, and it played a crucial role in promoting peace and fostering international cooperation.

G-15 is an economic grouping of Third World Nations

• The G-15 is a group of developing countries that was established in 1989.


• It consists of 17 member countries, including Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.


• The G-15 aims to promote cooperation and enhance the economic and social development of its member nations.


• The group focuses on issues such as trade, investment, technology transfer, agriculture, energy, and finance.


• By working together, the G-15 member nations strive to strengthen their economies, reduce poverty, and improve the living standards of their citizens.


• The G-15 also seeks to enhance the representation and influence of developing countries in international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.


• Through collective efforts and cooperation, the G-15 member nations aim to address common challenges and promote sustainable development.


• While the G-15 represents developing countries, it does not include all Third World nations, as some countries may choose not to be members of this grouping.

Overall, the G-15 serves as a platform for developing countries to collaborate and work towards their economic and social development goals. It provides a forum for these nations to share experiences, exchange ideas, and strengthen their collective voice on the global stage.

Answer:
To see objects at the surface of water from a submarine underwater, the instrument used is a periscope. Here is a detailed explanation:
What is a periscope?
A periscope is an optical instrument that uses a system of mirrors or prisms to allow an observer to see objects that are not in their direct line of sight. It is commonly used in submarines to view objects above the water's surface while the submarine remains submerged.
How does a periscope work?
A periscope typically consists of a long tube with two mirrors or prisms at opposite ends. The mirrors/prisms are positioned at a 45-degree angle to the tube, which allows light to be reflected twice and change the direction of the image. The top mirror/prism reflects the image from above the water surface down the periscope tube, and the bottom mirror/prism reflects the image to the observer's eye, providing a clear view of the surface.
Advantages of using a periscope:
- Submarines can remain submerged while still having the ability to observe objects at the water's surface.
- It provides a wide field of view, allowing the observer to scan the surrounding area.
- The use of mirrors/prisms ensures that the image is not distorted or blurred.
Other instruments and their uses:
- Kaleidoscope: A kaleidoscope is a toy or optical instrument that creates colorful and symmetrical patterns by reflecting light off mirrors. It is not used for observing objects at the water's surface from a submarine.
- Spectroscope: A spectroscope is an instrument used to analyze the properties of light. It is not used for observing objects at the water's surface from a submarine.
- Telescope: A telescope is an optical instrument used to view distant objects by collecting and focusing light. While it can be used to observe objects above the water's surface, it is not specifically designed for use in submarines and may not be suitable for underwater viewing.
Therefore, the correct instrument used for seeing objects at the surface of water from a submarine underwater is a periscope.

Dr. Zakir Hussain was

• A: the first Muslim president of India


• B: the first vice president of India


• C: the first president of Indian National Congress


• D: the first speaker of Lok Sabha

Answer: a. The first Muslim president of India.
Detailed
Dr. Zakir Hussain was a prominent figure in Indian politics and played various key roles in the country's history. Here is a detailed explanation of each option and why option A is the correct answer:
A: The first Muslim president of India
- Dr. Zakir Hussain served as the third President of India from 1967 until his death in 1969.
- He was the first Muslim to hold the position of President in India.
- This makes option A the correct answer.
B: The first vice president of India
- Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first Vice President of India.
- Dr. Zakir Hussain served as the Vice President from 1962 to 1967, but he was not the first Vice President.
C: The first president of Indian National Congress
- Dr. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was the first president of the Indian National Congress.
- Dr. Zakir Hussain did not hold this position.
D: The first speaker of Lok Sabha
- Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar was the first speaker of Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
- Dr. Zakir Hussain did not serve as the first speaker of Lok Sabha.
In conclusion, Dr. Zakir Hussain was the first Muslim president of India, making option A the correct answer.

Fathometer is used to measure ocean depth.
Explanation:
A fathometer is a device used to measure the depth of water in oceans, seas, and other bodies of water. It works on the principle of sound waves and their reflection from the ocean floor. Here is a detailed explanation of how a fathometer works:
- Principle: The fathometer uses sound waves to determine the depth of water. It sends an acoustic pulse (sound wave) towards the ocean floor and measures the time it takes for the pulse to return to the device.
- Sound waves: Sound waves travel through water at a known speed. By measuring the time it takes for the pulse to return, the fathometer calculates the depth of water based on the speed of sound.
- Transducer: The fathometer consists of a transducer, which is a device that emits and receives sound waves. The transducer is usually mounted on the bottom of a boat or ship and is submerged in the water.
- Reflection: When the sound wave reaches the ocean floor, it reflects back towards the transducer. The transducer detects the reflected wave and measures the time it took to travel.
- Depth calculation: Using the known speed of sound in water, the fathometer calculates the depth by multiplying the time taken by the speed of sound and dividing it by 2. This is because the sound wave has traveled to the ocean floor and back, so the actual depth is half of the total distance traveled.
- Display: The fathometer displays the calculated depth on a screen or dial, allowing the user to know the depth of the water at a specific location.
Overall, a fathometer is an essential tool for maritime navigation, underwater mapping, and scientific research to determine the depth of oceans and other bodies of water accurately.

Galvanizing Iron
Galvanizing iron is the process of coating iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc to prevent corrosion. The zinc layer acts as a sacrificial anode, protecting the underlying iron or steel from rusting.
Metal Used for Galvanizing Iron
The metal that is commonly used for galvanizing iron is zinc. Zinc is the preferred choice due to its excellent corrosion resistance properties and its ability to form a protective barrier on the surface of the iron or steel.
Reasons for using Zinc for Galvanizing Iron
Zinc is used for galvanizing iron because of the following reasons:
1. Corrosion Resistance: Zinc is highly resistant to corrosion, making it an ideal choice for protecting iron and steel from rusting.
2. Sacrificial Protection: Zinc sacrificially corrodes in the presence of moisture, protecting the iron or steel underneath from corrosion.
3. Adhesion: Zinc has good adhesion properties, ensuring a strong bond with the iron or steel surface.
4. Cost-effectiveness: Zinc is widely available and relatively low in cost, making it a cost-effective option for galvanizing.
5. Longevity: The zinc coating provides long-lasting protection against rust and extends the lifespan of the iron or steel.
In conclusion, zinc is the metal of choice for galvanizing iron due to its corrosion resistance, sacrificial protection, adhesion properties, cost-effectiveness, and longevity.

Economic goods are:
- Definition: Economic goods are commodities that have value and are limited in quantity compared to their demand.
- Characteristics: Economic goods possess the following characteristics:
- Scarcity: Economic goods are limited in quantity. Their availability is not sufficient to meet the unlimited wants and needs of individuals.
- Utility: Economic goods provide utility or satisfaction to individuals.
- Transferability: Economic goods can be bought, sold, or exchanged in the market.
- Demand: Economic goods are desired by individuals and have a demand in the market.
- Price: Economic goods have a price attached to them, which is determined by the interaction of demand and supply in the market.
- Examples: Examples of economic goods include:
- Food items like fruits, vegetables, and grains
- Consumer goods such as electronics, clothing, and furniture
- Natural resources like oil, coal, and timber
- Services like transportation, healthcare, and education
- Contrast with Free Goods: Economic goods are different from free goods, which are goods that are abundant in nature and have no price attached to them. Free goods are not limited in quantity and do not have a demand in the market.
- Importance: Economic goods play a crucial role in the functioning of the economy. They drive economic activities, create employment opportunities, and contribute to economic growth and development.
In conclusion, economic goods are commodities that are limited in quantity compared to their demand. They possess characteristics such as scarcity, utility, transferability, demand, and price. Examples of economic goods include food items, consumer goods, natural resources, and services. Economic goods are distinct from free goods and play a vital role in the economy.

Introduction:
Alum is commonly used for purifying drinking water. It is a chemical compound that has various properties beneficial for water purification.
Coagulation of Mud Particles:
- Alum is primarily used for coagulation of mud particles in water.
- When alum is added to water, it reacts with the impurities present, particularly the clay particles, and forms a gel-like substance.
- This gel helps in the agglomeration of fine particles, making them larger and easier to remove.
Removal of Suspended Impurities:
- The coagulation process facilitated by alum helps in the removal of suspended impurities such as dirt, mud, and other solid particles.
- These impurities are responsible for turbidity in water, and alum aids in their aggregation and settling down.
Improvement of Filtration:
- After coagulation, the water is passed through a filtration system.
- The larger particles formed due to the coagulation process are easily trapped and removed during filtration, resulting in cleaner water.
Reduction in Bacterial Count:
- Although alum is not primarily used to kill bacteria, the coagulation and filtration process indirectly contributes to reducing the bacterial count in water.
- By removing suspended impurities, it also removes bacteria that may be attached to these particles.
Conclusion:
Alum is widely used for purifying drinking water due to its ability to coagulate mud particles and improve the overall quality of water. Its primary function is to remove suspended impurities, resulting in clearer and safer drinking water.

Hockey in Asian Games
Introduction:
Hockey is a popular sport played in many parts of the world, including Asia. The Asian Games, which is a multi-sport event held every four years, has included hockey as one of its sporting events. Let's find out when hockey was introduced in the Asian Games.
Answer:
Hockey was introduced in the Asian Games in 1958 in Tokyo.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why the answer is option A:
1. Asian Games:
- The Asian Games is a continental multi-sport event for Asian countries, organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).
- It is held every four years and features various sports disciplines.
2. Hockey in Asian Games:
- Hockey has been a part of the Asian Games since its inception.
- It is one of the prominent team sports played in the event.
3. Year of Introduction:
- Hockey was first introduced in the Asian Games in 1958.
- The event took place in Tokyo, Japan.
4. Confirmation of the Answer:
- The answer provided is option A, which states that hockey was introduced in the Asian Games in 1958 in Tokyo.
- This answer aligns with the historical records and official information regarding the Asian Games.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: 1958 in Tokyo.

ESCAP stands for Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
The answer to the question is option A, which stands for Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP). Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
1. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP):
- ESCAP is a regional commission of the United Nations (UN) that was established in 1947.
- Its main objective is to promote sustainable and inclusive economic and social development in the Asia-Pacific region.
- ESCAP serves as a platform for member countries to discuss and address regional challenges, share best practices, and collaborate on policy recommendations.
- It provides a forum for intergovernmental discussions, conducts research and analysis, and offers technical assistance to member states.
- ESCAP covers a wide range of areas, including poverty reduction, disaster risk reduction, environmental sustainability, trade facilitation, connectivity, and gender equality.
2. Other options:
- Option B, European Society Council for Africa and Pacific, is not a correct answer as there is no such organization.
- Option C, Economic and Social Commission for Africa and Pacific, is also not a correct answer as the correct acronym for the commission covering Africa is ECA (Economic Commission for Africa).
- Option D, None of the above, is not the correct answer as the correct answer is A, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
In conclusion, ESCAP stands for Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific, which is a regional commission of the United Nations aimed at promoting sustainable economic and social development in the Asia-Pacific region.

Firdausi was:
- A poet: Firdausi was a renowned Persian poet who lived in the 10th and 11th centuries. He is considered one of the greatest Persian poets of all time.
- Well known for his epic 'Shahnama': Firdausi's most famous work is the Shahnama, also known as the Book of Kings. It is an epic poem that tells the mythical and historical stories of ancient Persia. The Shahnama is considered a masterpiece of Persian literature and has had a significant influence on Persian culture and identity.
- Both option A and B: Firdausi's identity encompasses both being a poet and being well known for his epic 'Shahnama'. He is recognized for his poetic talent as well as the enduring impact of his epic masterpiece.
- None of the above: This option is incorrect as Firdausi was indeed a poet and is particularly famous for his epic 'Shahnama'.

- The Himalayan Mountaineering Institute is located in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
- It is situated in the Jawahar Parvat region of Darjeeling.
- The exact address of the institute is Jawahar Parbat, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

- By Air: The nearest airport to Darjeeling is Bagdogra Airport, which is approximately 70 kilometers away. From the airport, one can hire a taxi or take a shared cab to reach Darjeeling.
- By Train: The nearest railway station to Darjeeling is New Jalpaiguri (NJP) railway station, which is well-connected to major cities in India. From NJP, one can hire a taxi or take a shared cab to reach Darjeeling.
- By Road: Darjeeling is well-connected by road to various cities in West Bengal and neighboring states. One can reach Darjeeling by private car, bus, or shared taxis from nearby towns and cities.

- The Himalayan Mountaineering Institute (HMI) was established in 1954 by the Indian government.
- It is one of the premier mountaineering institutes in India and offers various mountaineering and adventure courses.
- The institute is known for its state-of-the-art facilities, experienced mountaineering instructors, and world-class training programs.
- HMI has played a significant role in promoting mountaineering and adventure sports in India and has trained numerous mountaineers who have successfully scaled the highest peaks in the world.
- The institute also has a mountaineering museum that showcases the history and achievements of mountaineering in the Himalayas.

- The Himalayan Mountaineering Institute offers a wide range of mountaineering and adventure courses, including basic and advanced mountaineering courses, rock climbing courses, ice climbing courses, and trekking courses.
- The courses are designed for both beginners and experienced mountaineers.
- The institute also conducts expeditions to various peaks in the Himalayas for practical training and experience.
- HMI has a well-equipped training infrastructure, including a climbing wall, rope courses, and a mountaineering gymnasium.

- The Himalayan Mountaineering Institute is located in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
- It is a renowned institute for mountaineering and adventure sports.
- The institute offers various courses and training programs for mountaineers and adventure enthusiasts.
- Darjeeling is well-connected by air, train, and road, making it easily accessible for those wishing to visit the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute.

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit was a renowned physicist and inventor known for his contributions to the field of temperature measurement. His achievements include:

• A German Physicist: Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit was born in Poland in 1686 and later moved to the Dutch Republic, where he became a naturalized citizen. He is considered a German physicist due to his significant contributions to the field of physics.


• Developed the mercury thermometer in 1714: Fahrenheit is credited with inventing the mercury-in-glass thermometer, which was a significant advancement in temperature measurement. This type of thermometer was more accurate and reliable compared to previous designs.


• Devised temperature scale: In addition to inventing the mercury thermometer, Fahrenheit also devised the Fahrenheit temperature scale. This scale is still widely used in the United States and a few other countries, particularly for everyday temperature measurements.


• All of the above: Therefore, the correct answer is D - All of the above. Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit was indeed a German physicist who developed the mercury thermometer in 1714 and devised the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit's contributions to temperature measurement have had a lasting impact on science and continue to be relevant today. His inventions and scale have played a crucial role in various fields, including meteorology, medicine, and everyday temperature monitoring.

First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem

• Background: The First Crusade was a military campaign launched by Christian Europe in response to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos to help defend against the Seljuk Turks.


• Timeline:




• - The First Crusade started in 1096.


• - The Crusaders reached Jerusalem in 1099.


• - The city was captured by the Crusaders on July 15, 1099.




• Significance: The capture of Jerusalem was a major objective of the First Crusade. It marked the establishment of Christian control over the city, which was considered holy by Christians, Jews, and Muslims.


• Effect: The Crusaders established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which lasted until 1187 when it was recaptured by Saladin.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: 1099 AD.

Answer:
Dr. Linus Carl Pauling is the only person to have won two Nobel prizes individually. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. The correct answer is option A.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Dr. Linus Carl Pauling was an American chemist, biochemist, and peace activist who made significant contributions to the fields of chemistry and peace advocacy.
2. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.
3. Later, in 1962, Dr. Pauling received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in promoting nuclear disarmament and peace activism. He was recognized for his advocacy against nuclear weapons testing and his role in the development of the Partial Test Ban Treaty.
4. It is important to note that the Nobel Prizes are awarded in several categories, including Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. Each prize is awarded separately based on the achievements and contributions in the respective field.
5. Dr. Pauling's achievements in both chemistry and peace activism led to his recognition as a Nobel laureate in two different categories, Chemistry and Peace.
In conclusion, Dr. Linus Carl Pauling is the only person to have won two Nobel prizes individually, specifically the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962.

Definition of Free Market

A free market is a concept in economics that refers to a market where the price of a commodity is determined by the free play of the forces of supply and demand. In a free market, there is minimal government intervention, and the decisions of buyers and sellers shape the market.

Explanation of the Options

Let's analyze each option to determine if it accurately describes a free market:

1. Option A: A condition in the international market where nations do not impose customs duty or other taxes on import of goods.




• This option describes a situation in the international market, but it does not fully capture the essence of a free market.


• A free market is not solely defined by the absence of customs duties or taxes on imports.





2. Option B: Market where the price of a commodity is determined by free play of the forces of supply and demand.




• This option accurately describes a key characteristic of a free market.


• In a free market, the forces of supply and demand interact without significant government intervention to determine prices.


• Buyers and sellers are free to negotiate prices based on their own assessments of value and costs.





3. Option C: Ports that are exempted from payment of customs duty on articles of commerce, primarily to encourage tourism.




• This option describes a specific type of port that is exempt from customs duties, but it does not define a free market.


• A free market is not limited to ports or customs duty exemptions.





4. Option D: None of the above.




• This option is incorrect as option B accurately describes a free market.


• Option B is the correct answer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a free market is a market where the price of a commodity is determined by the free play of the forces of supply and demand. It is characterized by minimal government intervention and allows buyers and sellers to freely negotiate prices based on their own assessments of value and costs.

Answer:
East Timor, officially known as the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, became the 191st member of the United Nations on September 27, 2002. It is located in Southeast Asia and is situated on the eastern half of the island of Timor, which is part of the Indonesian archipelago. Here is a detailed explanation of why East Timor is in the continent of Asia:
Geographical Location:
- East Timor is located in the southeastern part of the Asian continent.
- It shares its land borders with Indonesia to the west and is surrounded by the Timor Sea to the southeast.
Political and Cultural Connections:
- East Timor gained independence from Indonesia in 2002 after a referendum, which resulted in overwhelming support for independence.
- Historically, East Timor was a Portuguese colony for over 400 years until it was occupied by Indonesia in 1975.
- The majority of the population in East Timor is of Asian descent, with strong cultural and historical ties to neighboring Southeast Asian countries.
Membership in Regional Organizations:
- East Timor is a member of various regional organizations in Asia, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- ASEAN is a political and economic union consisting of ten Southeast Asian countries, further solidifying East Timor's regional connection to Asia.
In conclusion, East Timor is located in the continent of Asia, as it is geographically situated in Southeast Asia, shares borders with Indonesia, has historical and cultural ties to Southeast Asian countries, and is a member of regional organizations in Asia.

Explanation:
The free surface of a liquid refers to the surface that is not in contact with any solid object. It behaves like a sheet and tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to the force of cohesion. Cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Here is a detailed explanation of why the force of cohesion causes the free surface of a liquid to contract:
1. Force of cohesion:
- The force of cohesion is responsible for the attractive forces between molecules of the same substance.
- In the case of a liquid, the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules pull them closer together.
- These cohesive forces are stronger at the surface of the liquid, as the molecules at the surface do not have molecules on all sides to interact with.
2. Surface tension:
- The force of cohesion leads to the phenomenon of surface tension.
- Surface tension is the tendency of the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic sheet.
- It is caused by the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules, which pull the molecules at the surface inward, causing the surface to contract.
3. Smallest possible area:
- The surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area to minimize the energy associated with the surface tension.
- This contraction of the surface reduces the surface area and brings the liquid molecules closer together, thereby minimizing the surface energy.
4. Capillary action:
- The force of cohesion and surface tension also play a role in capillary action, where liquids rise or fall in narrow tubes or capillaries.
- Capillary action is a result of the balance between the adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube's walls and the cohesive forces within the liquid itself.
- The cohesive forces cause the liquid to rise in the tube, as the surface tension pulls the liquid molecules upward.
In conclusion, the free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to the force of cohesion. This is because the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules cause surface tension, which leads to the contraction of the liquid's surface.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the servants of India Society, served as President of the Indian National Congress in 1907 and started as a maths teacher and rose to the position of the principal of Ferguson College, Pune. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, social reformer who founded a sectarian organization to work for relief of the underprivileged of India.

GNLF stands for Gorkha National Liberation Front
The detailed solution for the answer is as follows:

• Definition: GNLF stands for Gorkha National Liberation Front.


• Meaning: It is a political party in the Indian state of West Bengal, primarily representing the Gorkha community.


• Formation: The Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) was formed in 1980 with the aim of demanding the creation of a separate state called Gorkhaland within India.


• Leadership: The party was led by Subhash Ghisingh, who played a crucial role in the formation and growth of the GNLF.


• Agenda: The GNLF's main agenda was to fight for the rights and identity of the Gorkha community and to seek autonomy for the Darjeeling region.


• Political Movements: The party launched several political movements, including strikes and protests, to press for their demands.


• Development: The GNLF played a significant role in the development of the Darjeeling region, focusing on education, infrastructure, and the overall welfare of the Gorkha people.


• Relations: Over the years, the GNLF has had complex relationships with other political parties in the region, including the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) and the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC).


• Current Status: The GNLF continues to be an active political party in the Darjeeling region, advocating for the rights and aspirations of the Gorkha community.

In conclusion, GNLF stands for Gorkha National Liberation Front, which is a political party in West Bengal fighting for the rights and identity of the Gorkha community and seeking autonomy for the Darjeeling region.

Excessive secretion from the pituitary gland in children can lead to increased height. Here's a detailed explanation:
What is the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases hormones that control various functions of the body.
What happens when there is excessive secretion from the pituitary gland in children?
When the pituitary gland secretes an excess amount of growth hormone, it can result in a condition called gigantism. This condition typically occurs before the closure of the growth plates and leads to excessive growth in height.
Key Points:
- Excessive secretion from the pituitary gland in children can result in increased height.
- This condition is known as gigantism.
- Gigantism occurs before the closure of the growth plates.
- The excess growth hormone promotes skeletal and soft tissue growth, leading to increased height.
In conclusion, excessive secretion from the pituitary gland in children can cause increased height due to the overproduction of growth hormone. This condition is known as gigantism and occurs before the closure of the growth plates.

Fa-Hien was:

• A: the first Buddhist pilgrim of China to visit India during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya


• B: the discoverer of Puerto Rico and Jamaica


• C: the first Buddhist pilgrim of India to visit China


• D: None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Fa-Hien, also known as Faxian, was a Chinese Buddhist monk who lived during the 4th and 5th centuries.


• He embarked on a journey to India to visit the sacred Buddhist sites and to collect Buddhist scriptures.


• Fa-Hien traveled during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya, who ruled the Gupta Empire in India from 375 to 415 CE.


• He spent several years in India, visiting places like Bodh Gaya, where Buddha attained enlightenment, and Varanasi, one of the holiest cities in Hinduism and Buddhism.


• Fa-Hien then returned to China, bringing back with him a large collection of Buddhist texts, which greatly contributed to the spread of Buddhism in China.

Conclusion:

Fa-Hien was the first Buddhist pilgrim of China to visit India during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. His journey played a significant role in the transmission of Buddhism from India to China.

Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708). The 10th Guru of the Sikhs who founded the Khalsa the inner council of the Sikhs in 1699. He is said to be the author of Dasam Granth.

Exposure to sunlight helps a person improve his health because:
1. The ultraviolet rays convert skin oil into Vitamin D:
- Sunlight is a natural source of ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, which are necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D in our skin.
- When UVB rays penetrate the skin, they convert a cholesterol compound in the skin oils into vitamin D3.
- Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy bones, regulating calcium levels, and supporting the immune system.
2. Increased resistance power:
- Exposure to sunlight has been linked to an increase in the production of white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting off infections and boosting immune function.
- Sunlight also stimulates the production of nitric oxide, a compound that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow, thereby enhancing overall cardiovascular health.
3. Improved mood and mental health:
- Sunlight exposure triggers the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and promotes feelings of happiness and well-being.
- Sunlight has also been found to reduce symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and improve overall mental health.
4. Stimulation of pigment cells in the skin:
- When the skin is exposed to sunlight, the pigment cells called melanocytes produce a pigment called melanin, which gives the skin a tan.
- Melanin acts as a natural defense mechanism against UV radiation, providing some protection against sunburn and skin damage.
5. Regulation of circadian rhythm:
- Exposure to natural sunlight helps regulate the body's internal clock, known as the circadian rhythm.
- Sunlight exposure in the morning helps signal the body to wake up and promotes a regular sleep-wake cycle, leading to better sleep quality and overall well-being.
In conclusion, exposure to sunlight provides numerous health benefits, including the synthesis of vitamin D, improved immune function, enhanced mood and mental health, regulation of the body's internal clock, and stimulation of pigment cells in the skin. However, it is important to strike a balance and avoid excessive sun exposure to prevent the risk of sunburn and skin damage.