Basic General Knowledge Quiz - 6 - Current Affairs MCQ

The small intestine is the organ in the human body where maximum absorption of food takes place.
Explanation:
The process of digestion and absorption of food involves several organs in the human body. However, the small intestine plays a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Structure of the small intestine:
- The small intestine is a long, coiled tube located between the stomach and the large intestine.
- It is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- The inner lining of the small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption.
2. Functions of the small intestine:
- The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients from the digested food.
- It receives partially digested food from the stomach and completes the digestion process.
- The small intestine secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs the breakdown products of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
3. Absorption in the small intestine:
- The inner lining of the small intestine is highly specialized for absorption.
- The villi and microvilli present on the intestinal lining increase the surface area for absorption.
- Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
- The absorbed nutrients are then transported to various body tissues and organs to provide energy and support growth and repair.
4. Role in absorption of different nutrients:
- Carbohydrates: The small intestine absorbs monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, after the digestion of complex carbohydrates.
- Proteins: Amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine's walls after protein digestion.
- Fats: The small intestine absorbs fatty acids and glycerol after the digestion of dietary fats.
- Vitamins and minerals: The small intestine is also responsible for the absorption of vitamins and minerals from the digested food.
In conclusion, the small intestine is the organ in the human body where maximum absorption of food takes place. Its specialized structure and functions allow for efficient absorption of nutrients, ensuring proper nourishment and functioning of the body.

Human Rights Day
Answer: B. 10 December
Explanation:
Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10th December. It commemorates the day when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948.
Here are some key points to understand the significance of Human Rights Day:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): The UDHR is a milestone document that proclaimed the inalienable rights which everyone is entitled to as a human being. It sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that should be protected for all individuals, regardless of their race, color, religion, sex, language, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
2. Adoption by the United Nations: The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10th December 1948. This date has been recognized as Human Rights Day to raise awareness about human rights issues and to promote the importance of protecting and promoting these rights.
3. Global observance: Human Rights Day is celebrated worldwide to emphasize the significance of human rights and to encourage individuals, organizations, and governments to take action in promoting and protecting human rights.
4. Theme for each year: Every year, Human Rights Day focuses on a specific theme or issue related to human rights. These themes address current challenges and highlight areas where more attention and action are needed to ensure the full realization of human rights for all.
5. Activities and events: On Human Rights Day, various activities and events are organized globally. These include seminars, conferences, exhibitions, cultural events, and campaigns aimed at raising awareness, advocating for human rights, and promoting equality and justice.
In conclusion, Human Rights Day is observed on 10th December each year to commemorate the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting and promoting human rights for all individuals around the world.

Germany's Victory in the 2002 World Cup Hockey Finals

• Introduction: In the 2002 World Cup Hockey Finals, Germany emerged as the victors against their opponents.


• Germany vs. Australia: The correct answer is B: Australia, as Germany defeated Australia in the finals.


• Match Details: The match between Germany and Australia was a highly competitive and intense encounter.


• Performance: Germany displayed exceptional skill, strategy, and teamwork throughout the match.


• Goals: Germany managed to score crucial goals, showcasing their offensive capabilities.


• Defensive Excellence: Germany's defense was also commendable, preventing Australia from scoring significant goals.


• Result: At the end of the match, Germany emerged victorious, securing the World Cup Hockey title in 2002.

In conclusion, Germany defeated Australia in the 2002 World Cup Hockey Finals to claim the championship. Germany showcased their prowess in both offense and defense, ultimately triumphing over their opponents in a highly competitive match.

Hygrometer is used to measure
Hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of moisture or humidity in the air. It is widely used in various fields such as meteorology, agriculture, HVAC systems, and industrial processes. The measurement of relative humidity is crucial in many applications as it affects human comfort, plant growth, and the behavior of materials.
Importance of measuring relative humidity
Relative humidity refers to the amount of moisture present in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a specific temperature. Measuring relative humidity is important for several reasons:
1. Human comfort: High humidity can make the air feel warmer and cause discomfort, while low humidity can lead to dryness and discomfort in the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Maintaining an optimal level of humidity in indoor spaces is crucial for human comfort.
2. Agriculture: Relative humidity plays a significant role in plant growth and agriculture. Different plants have different humidity requirements, and measuring relative humidity helps farmers and horticulturists to create suitable environments for optimal growth.
3. Meteorology: Relative humidity is an essential parameter in weather forecasting and climatology. It helps meteorologists understand the moisture content in the air and predict weather conditions such as fog, rain, or drought.
4. Industrial processes: Many industrial processes require specific humidity levels for efficient operation. For example, in the production of pharmaceuticals, textiles, and food, controlling humidity is critical to ensure product quality and stability.
How hygrometers work
Hygrometers work on different principles to measure humidity. Some common types of hygrometers include:
1. Psychrometers: These hygrometers use the principle of evaporative cooling to measure relative humidity. They consist of two thermometers, one with a wet bulb covered with a moistened wick and the other with a dry bulb. By comparing the temperature readings of the two thermometers, the relative humidity can be determined.
2. Capacitive hygrometers: These hygrometers use the principle of changes in electrical capacitance due to moisture absorption. They consist of a moisture-sensitive capacitor that changes its capacitance with variations in humidity. By measuring the capacitance, the relative humidity can be determined.
3. Resistive hygrometers: These hygrometers use the principle of changes in electrical resistance due to moisture absorption. They consist of a moisture-sensitive resistor that changes its resistance with variations in humidity. By measuring the resistance, the relative humidity can be determined.
In conclusion, a hygrometer is an instrument used to measure relative humidity. It is essential in various applications where humidity control is crucial for human comfort, plant growth, weather prediction, and industrial processes. Different types of hygrometers utilize different principles to measure humidity accurately.

The Amount of Blood Pumped by the Human Heart
The normal human heart pumps a specific amount of blood into the arteries with each contraction. Let's discuss how much blood is pumped and the factors that influence it.
Answer Explanation:
The correct answer is B: 60 cm³.
Factors Influencing the Amount of Blood Pumped:
The amount of blood pumped by the heart can vary depending on several factors, including:
1. Body Size: The size of the heart and the body it serves can influence the amount of blood pumped. Larger individuals may have larger hearts and, therefore, pump more blood with each contraction.
2. Physical Activity: During physical activity or exercise, the heart can pump a larger volume of blood per contraction to meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients.
3. Health Condition: Certain health conditions, such as heart disease or heart failure, can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. In such cases, the amount of blood pumped may be reduced.
The Amount of Blood Pumped per Contraction:
On average, the human heart pumps approximately 60 cm³ (cubic centimeters) of blood with each contraction. This value is known as the stroke volume, which represents the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart per heartbeat.
It is important to note that the total amount of blood pumped by the heart in a minute, known as cardiac output, depends on the heart rate (number of contractions per minute) and stroke volume. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
In Conclusion:
The normal human heart pumps approximately 60 cm³ of blood into the arteries with each contraction. This value can vary based on factors such as body size, physical activity, and overall health.

India's Membership in the United Nations
India became a member of the United Nations in 1945. Here is a detailed explanation of India's membership in the UN:
1. The United Nations:
- The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded after World War II to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
- It was established on October 24, 1945, with the signing of the UN Charter by 51 countries, including India.
2. India's Independence:
- India gained its independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947, following a long struggle for freedom.
- The partition of India led to the creation of two separate nations, India and Pakistan.
3. India's UN Membership:
- India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, played a crucial role in shaping India's foreign policy and its relations with the international community.
- In 1945, India was invited to the San Francisco Conference, where the UN Charter was drafted.
- India actively participated in the conference and endorsed the principles and objectives of the UN Charter.
- On October 30, 1945, India became a founding member of the UN, along with 50 other countries.
4. Significance of India's Membership:
- India's membership in the UN provided it with a platform to engage in global diplomacy and contribute to international affairs.
- It allowed India to voice its concerns on various issues, including decolonization, disarmament, and the promotion of human rights.
- India has been an active participant in UN peacekeeping missions, contributing troops and resources for maintaining peace and stability in conflict zones.
5. India's Role in the UN:
- Over the years, India has played a significant role in the UN, holding important positions and advocating for the interests of developing countries.
- India has been a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council multiple times and has contributed to shaping global policies on various issues.
In conclusion, India became a member of the United Nations in 1945, shortly after gaining its independence. Its membership has allowed India to actively participate in global affairs and contribute to the establishment of peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

India's first indigenously built submarine was INS Shalki.
Explanation:

• The first indigenously built submarine of India is INS Shalki.


• INS Shalki is a diesel-electric submarine that was commissioned in 1992.


• It was built at the Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai.


• INS Shalki belongs to the Sindhughosh class of submarines.


• This class of submarines is designed for anti-submarine warfare and can carry torpedoes and mines.


• INS Shalki has played a significant role in strengthening India's naval defense capabilities.


• It has been instrumental in enhancing India's underwater surveillance and protection of its maritime interests.


• INS Shalki has actively participated in various naval exercises and operations, showcasing India's naval prowess.


• Its successful construction and commissioning have paved the way for the development of subsequent indigenous submarines in India.


• The construction of INS Shalki marked a significant milestone in India's defense industry, showcasing the nation's technological advancements and self-reliance.

In conclusion, INS Shalki is India's first indigenously built submarine, commissioned in 1992. It has played a crucial role in enhancing India's naval defense capabilities and has paved the way for subsequent indigenous submarine projects.

India's Turmeric Production
- India is the largest producer of turmeric in the world.
- The country accounts for about 80% of the global turmeric production.
- Turmeric is mainly grown in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Karnataka.
- The favorable climate and soil conditions in these regions contribute to high-quality turmeric production.
India's Tea Production
- India is the second-largest producer of tea in the world, after China.
- The country produces various types of tea, including black tea, green tea, and white tea.
- Tea cultivation is mainly concentrated in the states of Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh.
- The tea industry in India provides employment to millions of people and contributes significantly to the country's economy.
India's Ginger Production
- India is the largest producer of ginger in the world.
- The country produces different varieties of ginger, including fresh ginger, dry ginger, and ginger powder.
- Ginger cultivation is widespread across various states, including Kerala, Karnataka, Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh.
- India's favorable climate and suitable soil conditions make it an ideal location for ginger cultivation.
Conclusion
- India holds the title of being the largest producer of both turmeric and ginger in the world.
- While it is also a significant producer of tea, it falls behind China in terms of global tea production.

Medals won by India in the Commonwealth Games 2002 at Manchester:

• Gold Medals: India won a total of 30 gold medals during the Commonwealth Games in 2002 at Manchester.


• Silver Medals: India secured 22 silver medals.


• Bronze Medals: India also won 17 bronze medals.

Total Medals:

Therefore, the total number of medals that came into the account of India during the Commonwealth Games in 2002 at Manchester is:

Gold Medals + Silver Medals + Bronze Medals = 30 + 22 + 17 = 69 medals.

Answer:

In the Commonwealth Games 2002 at Manchester, India won a total of 69 medals.

If the plane of the earth's equator were not inclined to the plane of the earth's orbit there would be no change of seasons. When tilted, the hemisphere closer to the sun would experience summer, while the hemisphere that is relatively farther away would experience winter. If the earth were not tilted, the whole planet would be relatively equidistant from the sun, and hence, no seasons.

India's First Test Match
Answer: B: 1932
Detailed Explanation:
India played its first cricket Test Match in 1932. Here is a detailed explanation of the context:
- The Indian cricket team made its Test debut on June 25, 1932, against England at Lord's Cricket Ground in London.
- The match was the first official Test match played by the Indian cricket team, and it marked the beginning of India's journey in international cricket.
- The Indian team was led by C.K. Nayudu, a prominent cricketer of that time.
- The match ended in a loss for India, with England winning by 158 runs.
- Despite the defeat, the match was seen as a significant milestone for Indian cricket as it paved the way for future international cricketing achievements.
- Since then, India has become one of the most successful cricketing nations, winning multiple Test series and World Cups.
Summary: India played its first cricket Test Match in 1932 against England at Lord's Cricket Ground in London. Despite the loss, it marked the beginning of India's journey in international cricket.

India as a non-permanent member of the Security Council (UNO)
India has had the opportunity to serve as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) during different periods. The correct answer to the question is option D - All of the above (1972-73, 1984-85, and 1991-92).
Explanation:
During its history, India has been elected to serve on the Security Council as a non-permanent member for the following terms:
1972-73:
- India served as a non-permanent member of the Security Council during 1972-73.
- This was the first time India held a seat on the Council.
- India actively participated in discussions and contributed to various resolutions during its tenure.
1984-85:
- India was elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council for the second time during the period of 1984-85.
- Once again, India played an active role in addressing international issues and promoting peace and security.
1991-92:
- India served as a non-permanent member of the Security Council for the third time during 1991-92.
- This period coincided with significant global events, including the Gulf War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Conclusion:
India has been given the opportunity to represent itself as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council during the periods of 1972-73, 1984-85, and 1991-92. India's active participation and contribution to discussions and resolutions showcase its commitment to maintaining peace and security at the international level.

Goa Lok Sabha Seats:
- Goa has 2 Lok Sabha seats.
- The two Lok Sabha constituencies in Goa are North Goa and South Goa.
- Each Lok Sabha constituency represents a specific geographic area and elects one Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha.
Explanation:
- The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India.
- The total number of Lok Sabha seats is based on the population of each state and union territory.
- The delimitation of constituencies is done based on the number of seats allocated to each state.
- In the case of Goa, it has been allocated 2 Lok Sabha seats.
- The delimitation process ensures that each constituency represents a roughly equal number of voters to maintain fairness and equality in the political representation.
Conclusion:
- Goa has 2 Lok Sabha seats, representing the North Goa and South Goa constituencies respectively.
- The Lok Sabha elections are held every five years, and voters from each constituency elect their Member of Parliament to represent them in the Parliament.

Rank Hierarchy in Air Force:
- Squadron Leader
- Group Captain
- Air Commodore
- Air Vice-Marshal
- Air Marshal
Detailed
To determine the rank that is one level higher than Air Commodore in the Air Force, we need to understand the rank hierarchy.
1. Squadron Leader: This is a relatively junior officer rank in the Air Force.
2. Group Captain: This is a higher-ranking officer than Squadron Leader. Group Captains usually hold command positions.
3. Air Commodore: This is the rank immediately above Group Captain. Air Commodores typically hold senior leadership positions within the Air Force.
4. Air Vice-Marshal: This rank is higher than Air Commodore. Air Vice-Marshals are usually responsible for overseeing a major functional area or department within the Air Force.
5. Air Marshal: This is the highest-ranking officer below the Chief of Air Force. Air Marshals are responsible for the strategic direction and overall management of the Air Force.
From the given options, the rank that is one rank higher than Air Commodore is Group Captain (option C). Therefore, the correct answer is C: Group Captain.

Answer:
There are a total of 38 districts in Tamil Nadu.

Number of Districts in Meghalaya:
Meghalaya has a total of 11 districts.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation regarding the number of districts in Meghalaya:
1. Meghalaya is a state located in northeastern India.
2. It is bordered by Assam to the north and Bangladesh to the south.
3. The state is divided into administrative units known as districts.
4. Districts are important for the governance and administration of a region.
5. In Meghalaya, these districts play a crucial role in the implementation of various government policies and programs.
6. The districts of Meghalaya are responsible for the delivery of public services and the overall development of the region.
7. The 11 districts in Meghalaya are East Garo Hills, East Jaintia Hills, East Khasi Hills, North Garo Hills, Ri-Bhoi, South Garo Hills, South West Garo Hills, South West Khasi Hills, West Garo Hills, West Jaintia Hills, and West Khasi Hills.
8. Each district has its own unique characteristics, cultural heritage, and geographical features.
9. The district administration is headed by a Deputy Commissioner who is responsible for the overall functioning of the district.
10. The Deputy Commissioner acts as the link between the state government and the district administration.
Conclusion:
Meghalaya consists of 11 districts that play a crucial role in the governance and development of the state. Each district has its own significance and contributes to the overall progress of Meghalaya.

To find the number of dynes in 1 gram weight, we need to use the conversion factor between grams and dynes. The conversion factor is given by the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 981 cm/s^2.
Conversion Factor: 1 gram weight = 981 dynes
Now we can calculate the number of dynes in 1 gram weight:
1 gram weight = 981 dynes
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 981 dynes.

Introduction:
In big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, the police department is headed by a specific authority. Let's discuss the correct answer and explain it in detail.
Answer: A
The correct answer is A: Commissioner of Police.
Explanation:
In big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, the police department is headed by a Commissioner of Police. Here's a detailed explanation:
- Commissioner of Police: The Commissioner of Police is the highest-ranking officer in the police department of a big city. They are responsible for maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and ensuring public safety in the city.
- Role and Responsibilities: Some of the key responsibilities of the Commissioner of Police include:
- Formulating and implementing strategies to combat crime and maintain law and order.
- Directing and supervising police operations and investigations.
- Managing and coordinating various police units and departments.
- Ensuring public safety and security during major events or emergencies.
- Interacting with the public, community leaders, and other stakeholders to address their concerns.
- Hierarchy in the Police Department: The hierarchy in the police department generally includes ranks such as Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner, Inspector, and Sub-Inspector, among others. However, in big cities, the Commissioner of Police holds the highest position.
Conclusion:
In big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, the police department is headed by a Commissioner of Police. They play a crucial role in maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and ensuring public safety in the city.

Indian Institute of Petroleum Location
The Indian Institute of Petroleum is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Here is a detailed explanation of why Dehradun is the correct answer:
1. Location:
- Dehradun is a city in the northern part of India, located in the state of Uttarakhand.
- It is situated in the Doon Valley on the foothills of the Himalayas.
- The city is known for its pleasant climate and scenic beauty.
2. Indian Institute of Petroleum:
- The Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) is a premier research institute dedicated to petroleum technology and allied areas.
- It is one of the constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
- The institute conducts cutting-edge research, development, and training in the field of petroleum science and technology.
3. Historical Significance:
- The Indian Institute of Petroleum was established in 1960 and has since then made significant contributions to the petroleum industry.
- It has played a crucial role in the development of new technologies, processes, and products related to petroleum refining, petrochemicals, and alternative fuels.
4. Facilities and Research:
- The institute is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities for research and development in various areas of petroleum science and technology.
- It has well-equipped laboratories, pilot plants, and testing facilities to support its research activities.
- The institute collaborates with national and international organizations for joint research projects and technology transfer.
5. Academic Programs:
- The Indian Institute of Petroleum offers various academic programs, including Ph.D., M.Tech, and postgraduate diploma courses in petroleum technology and related disciplines.
- It also conducts short-term training programs and workshops for industry professionals to enhance their skills and knowledge.
In conclusion, the Indian Institute of Petroleum is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, making option A the correct answer. Dehradun's scenic location and the institute's commitment to research and development in the field of petroleum science make it a prestigious institution in India.

India's Gold Medal in Team Events at the 2002 Asian Games
At the 2002 Asian Games, India secured a gold medal in the following team event:
Kabaddi
- India won the gold medal in the men's kabaddi event at the 2002 Asian Games.
- The Indian kabaddi team showcased exceptional skills, strategy, and teamwork to emerge victorious in this traditional Indian sport.
Other Team Events at the 2002 Asian Games
Although India won gold in kabaddi, they did not secure gold medals in the other team events mentioned:
Hockey
- The Indian men's hockey team did not win a gold medal at the 2002 Asian Games. They finished in fifth place.
4 x 200 m Relay
- India did not win a gold medal in the 4 x 200 m relay event at the 2002 Asian Games. They did not participate in this event.
4 x 100 m Relay
- India did not win a gold medal in the 4 x 100 m relay event at the 2002 Asian Games. They did not participate in this event.
In conclusion, India's gold medal at the 2002 Asian Games was in the team event of kabaddi.