UPSC Indian Forest Service (IFoS) Prelims CSAT (GS2) Mock Test- 1 Free

Fundamental Rights are the bedrock of the democratic system in the country.

The fundamental rights of citizens are the bedrock for managing and mitigating conflict, spurring economic growth, and protecting human dignity. Countries with democratic freedoms are more just, peaceful, and stable, and citizens can fulfill their potential.

Given:

The given numbers are 12, 15, 18 and 27.

The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given number is called their LCM.

LCM of 12, 15, 18 and 27.

12 = 2 × 2 × 3

15 = 3 × 5

27 = 3 × 3 × 3

LCM of 12, 15 and 27 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 ×3 × 5 = 540

The largest four-digit number is 9999.

9999 ÷ 540

We get the remainder as 279.

∴ The largest number of four digits which is exactly divisible by 12, 15, 18 and 27 = 9999 - 279 = 9720.

We can break the question in three parts.
Let us calculate the number of ways in which the person may go to point C from A. He has to take one right step and one step upwards. Let us denote each right step by and the upward step by u. He has to take one and one .
The number of ways two and one may be arranged , ways.
Similarly, from C to D he will need 2 right and 2 upward steps. Number of ways, ways.
Similarly, from D to B he will need 3 right and 3 upward steps.
Number of ways, ways.
So total number of ways possible from to
ways.

According to the passage, “Most people prefer to believe....which he lives is lying and corrupt”. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

Option (A) is a gross generalization as the passage merely talks about inactions against the corrupt and not all the situations. Therefore it is incorrect.

Option (B) is wrong as well as the passage does not give any information on the results of propaganda. Therefore, option (D) is also incorrect.

1. First, note how “CENTRAL” was coded. We list its letters in the order they appear and assign them codes A, B, C, … in sequence:

2. Next, check how “PLANETARIUM” was coded (to confirm the rule). Its letters (in order) are 

    “L, A, N, E, T, R” already appear in the codebook from step 1, so we reuse their codes:
   L→G, A→F, N→C, E→B, T→D, R→E.
   – The very first new letter we encounter is “P,” so we assign it the next unused code (which is H).
   – The next new letter is “I,” so assign it I (the next letter after H).
   – Then “U” gets J, and “M” gets K.

   Hence “PLANETARIUM” →
   P→H, L→G, A→F, N→C, E→B, T→D, A→F, R→E, I→I, U→J, M→K
   ⇒ HGFCBDFEIJK.
   This confirms the rule:

3. Now encode “LANTERN” using exactly the same codebook (which currently is only from “CENTRAL”; all letters of “LANTERN” already appear there):

– L→G
– A→F
– N→C
– T→D
– E→B
– R→E
– N→C (N was already coded as C)

Hence LANTERN → G F C D B E C.

A is brother of B.

C is mother of A.

D is father of C.

F is son of A.

A is grandfather of F’s child.

Therefore, B is grand-father of F’s child.

The sex of B is not known. But considering the given options we must opt (B) as an answer.

The first line of the passage means that punching in the sky is not considered an act of intelligence. The rest of the options are political agitation, fruitless work, reasonless purposefully does not convey the right intention of intelligence.

Person -A, M, P, D, Q, R, W and B.

D is fourth to the left of A who is third to the right of M.

P is third to the left of Q who is third to the left of M.

R is third to the right of W who is second to the right of B.

AB is the second person sitting to the immediate right of the first person.

The assumption is something the author believes to be true without directly stating it — it's the foundation on which the argument is built.

In the passage:

• Singing improves mental alertness.
• Singing helps people with dementia.
• It boosts memory, concentration, and neuroplasticity.
• It relieves anxiety, stress, and depression.

All these benefits are connected to brain health, so the assumption behind the entire passage is that: Singing is good for the brain.

First star = 9 minutes

Second star = 4 minutes

Third star = 15 minutes

LCM (9, 4, 15) = 3 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 180 minutes = 3 hours.

Therefore, the stars twinkle together before 3 hours at 1:00 a.m.

• Definition of a trailing zero:
  A trailing zero in a product arises from each pair of prime factors (2 × 5) that combine to form 10.

• List of factors:
  The product is
  25, 27, 29, 31, …, 223, 225  

• i.e. all odd integers from 25 up to 225 taken in steps of 2.

• Check for factors of 2:

  • Every factor in the list is odd, so none contributes a factor of 2.

  • Therefore, the entire product has zero factors of 2.

• Check for factors of 5:

  • Some terms (25, 35, 45, …, 225) do include factors of 5 (e.g. 25 = 5², 35 = 5 × 7, etc.).

  • However, without any factors of 2, those 5’s cannot pair up to form 10.

• Conclusion:

  • Since there are no 2’s to pair with the 5’s, there are no complete 10’s in the prime factorization.

  • Hence the product ends with 0 trailing zeros.

Let us note the following:

The first part of the passage gives the benefits that singing has on physical health.

The second part of the passage gives the benefit that singing has on emotional health.

Thus, both the first and second statements can be implied from the passage.

So, the correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Income = Expenditure + Saving

) =

⇒ 3 (7a – 2000) = 2 (3a – 600)

⇒ 21a – 6000 = 6a – 1200

⇒ 21a – 6a = 6000 – 1200

⇒ 15a = 4800

⇒ a = = 320

∴ Monthly income of Sudheer = 7a = 7 × 320 = Rs. 2240

Seven items: A, B, C, D, E, F and G

1. E is heavier than G but lighter than A.

2. G is heavier than two items.

__ < __ < G;

G < E < A;

3. A is lighter than D and F.

A < D/F< D/F

4. C does not have least weight.

B < C < G < E < A < D/F < D/F

1) D is the heaviest. → False (as It is possible but not definite)

2) E is heavier than B. → True

3) C is heavier than E. → False

4) F is the heaviest. → False (as It is possible but not definite)

According to the passage:

• The assumption is a fact that is accepted without any proof.
• The author has listed the good and the bad effects of earthquakes.
• Thus the author has accepted the occurrence of earthquakes without any proof..
• Therefore, these cannot be assumptions.

There are six flats on a floor in two rows. Out of these, three are north facing and the other three are south facing flats.

B gets a north-facing flat and is not next to D. D and F get diagonally opposite flats. C is to the left of F, and gets a south-facing flat.

Case 2 is invalid because C is to the left of F.

E gets a north-facing flat.

A, C and F get the south-facing flats

According to the passage:

• The author says has listed the various effects that lying has on mental health.
• The author also explains how lying can affect one socially.
• Therefore, both the first and the second option can be inferred from the passage.

Statements:

Some engineers are teachers

Some teachers are efficient

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. Some engineers are efficient → False (because no direct relationship is given between engineers and efficient so it may be possible but not defined)

II. All efficient are engineers → False (because no direct relationship given between engineers and efficient so it may be possible but not defined)

Hence, “If neither conclusion I nor II follows".

GIVEN:

Types of ice- creams = 3

Number of chocolate ice cream = 6

CONCEPT:

Probability (Event) = Number of favorable outcome / Total outcome

CALCULATION:

Total number of ice cream = 6 + a + b

Let the ice cream of vanilla flavor be a

Let the ice cream of blueberry ice cream be b

Probability (Selecting one vanilla ice cream) = Number of vanilla ice-cream / Total ice cream

⇒ Probability (Selecting one vanilla ice cream) = a / (6 + a + b)

⇒ 1 / 2 = a / (6 + a + b) ---(i)

Probability (Selecting one blue berry ice cream) = Number of blue berry ice-cream / Total ice cream

⇒ 2 / 7 = b / (6 + a + b) ---(ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ a= 14 and b = 8

⇒ Total number of ice cream = 6 + 14 + 8 = 28

The mirror image of the given combination is:

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is Proper intensity of light in an ecosystem is important not only for plants but for animals too.

Key Points

• Option 4 is correct because the passage highlights the impact of different types of light on both plants and aphids (animals). It shows that the low intensity amber light inhibited flowering in a plant that serves as a food source for the pea-aphids. Additionally, the number of aphids was significantly suppressed under the light treatment due to the limited availability of food. This indicates that the intensity of light in an ecosystem is important for both plants and animals, as it can affect their growth, development, and interactions with each other. Therefore, maintaining the proper intensity of light is crucial for the well-being of both plants and animals in an ecosystem.

Additional Information

Negation of the other options based on the passage:

• Option 1: The passage does not provide information comparing low intensity light to high intensity light. It only discusses the effects of low intensity amber light on plants and aphids, without making a comparison to high intensity light. Therefore, this option is not supported by the passage.
• Option 2: The passage discusses the effects of light on flowering in a wild plant and the suppression of aphids, but it does not provide information on the permanence of the impact or the broader consequences of light pollution on the ecosystem. Therefore, this option is not supported by the passage.
• Option 3: The passage mentions two types of light: white light similar to newer commercial LED lights and amber light similar to sodium street lamps. It specifically states that the low intensity amber light inhibited flowering in a wild plant, but it does not make a comparison to other colors of light. Therefore, this option is not supported by the passage.

• Gyanu is in class 10th. He has always done well in class.
• He scored 75% in class 8th.
• He was born on 17 July 2005.
• Being a hardworking student, he managed to get 70% in the written test.

All conditions are as follows:

Gyanu fulfills all the criteria except the Criteria C for the selection of students for a scholarship program, that is he has to scored at least 80% in the last three consecutive classes .

Because, He scored 75% in class 8th. So he will not be selected.

Hence, the correct answer is "Gyanu will not be selected as he scored 75% in class 8th".

The correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2.

Key Points

• Assumption 1 is not valid as the passage doesn't link the high food prices to oil producing countries, higher fuel prices may have different reasons. 
• Assumption 2 is also not valid, the passage does highlight the reason for the food crisis however, it doesn't say that it will be in emerging countries. 

Given:

Total Children = 15

Calculation:

Class 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20

Children in 0-4: 2, 3

Children in 4-8: 4, 5, 6, 7

Children in 4-12: 8, 9, 10, 11

Children in 12-16: 12, 14

Children in 16-20: 16, 17

∴ Option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is Food security is increasingly a collective challenge.

Key Points

• In the passage, it has been argued that in view of increasing population, shifting consumption patterns, climate change and a finite amount of resources, food security has to be worked upon by both developed and developing countries.
• For example, cities can reclaim nutrients from waste streams, poor countries can improve crop storage and rich countries can reduce consumption of resource-intensive foods like meat.
• Thus, food security is a collective challenge and needs to be handled in cooperation.

Thus, the correct option is that food security is increasingly a collective challenge.

The correct answer is "Science and faith can be mutually complementary if their proper domains are understood."

Key Points

• In the passage, it has been argues that there are some questions to which science can not provide answers.
• In such situations, faith fills in the space.
• However, in today's world, faith is disregarded and science considered as supreme.
• But, the author argues that both faith and science have their own roles.
• Thus, they should exist alongside and accepted as such.

Thus, the correct inference would be that science and faith can be mutually complementary if their proper domains are understood.

Additional Information

• Anachronistic: belonging or appropriate to an earlier period, especially so as to seem conspicuously old-fashioned.

• Example: "She is rebelling against the anachronistic morality of her parents."

The correct answer is 'The comprehensive idea of economic justice demands that the Right of each person to acquisition of property has to be reconciled with that of others.'

Key Points

• In the passage, the author argues that the right of personal property is to be understood in the larger context of the rights of others around us.
• In pursuing our personal rights, the rights of others should not be harmed or taken away.
• There has to be cooperation in the exercise of rights.
• This is the idea of economic justice that everyone has the opportunity to exercise their right to property.

Hence, the most convincing explanation is the comprehensive idea of economic justice demands that the Right of each person to acquisition of property has to be reconciled with that of others.

The correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2.

• Tournament format:
  Single-elimination among 150 players, with no draws—each match eliminates exactly one player.

• Key observation:
  Every match produces exactly one loser (who is eliminated). To end with a single champion, 149 players must lose exactly once.

• Counting eliminations:

  • Start with 150 entrants.

  • After the first round, one player is eliminated (149 remain).

  • After the second round, another player is eliminated (148 remain).

  • … and so on, until only one player (the champion) remains.

• Total eliminations needed:
  To go from 150 down to 1, you must eliminate 149 players.

• Number of matches = number of eliminations:
  Since each match eliminates exactly one participant, the total number of matches played = 149.

Given:

Weight of vessel and water when the vessel is full is 40kg.

Weight of vessel and water when the vessel is one-third filled is 20kg.

Calculation:

Let the weight of the vessel be x kg.

And the weight of the water is y kg.

According to question

⇒ x + y = 40kg      ----(1)

⇒ x + (y/3) = 20 kg      ----(2)

Now, Subtract (2) form (1)

⇒ x + y - x - (y/3) = 40 - 20 

⇒ y - (y/3) = 20

⇒ (2y/3) = 20 

⇒  y = 30 kg

Put value of y in (1)

⇒ x + 30 = 40 

⇒ x = 10 kg 

∴ The weight of the vessel is 10 kg.