UPSC Indian Forest Service (IFoS) Prelims CSAT (GS2) Mock Test- 4 Free

According to the passage:

• An assumption is a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.
• In the entire passage, the author is trying to understand the effects of the absence of atmosphere.
• The author has without stating accepted that atmosphere exists.
• The other options are directly given in the passage.

From statement I and II:

Possible options are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

Possible options are Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

Thus, we get that Rahul will go for a picnic on Friday.

Hence, Statement I and II together are sufficient to answer the question.

From statement II and III:

Possible options are Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

Possible options are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

Thus, we get that Rahul will go for a picnic on Friday.

Therefore, Statement II and III together are sufficient to answer the question.

From statement I and III:

Possible options are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

Possible options are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

Therefore, Statement I and III together are not sufficient to answer the question.

From the given information:

1) K is the son-in-law of P.

2) M is the daughter of N.

3) L and K are married.

4) N is the father of L.

Therefore, P is the mother of L.

1) Rakesh knows 3 different routes from Agra to Delhi

2) Rakesh knows 5 routes from Delhi to Chandigarh

3) Rakesh knows 4 different routes from Chandigarh to Kashmir.

So, the total number of routes he knows = 3 × 5 × 4 = 60.

5 ___ 3 ___ 8 ___ 4 ___ 2 = 21

Solution:

1. We need four operations—one between each pair of numbers—so that when we evaluate using the usual order of operations (multiply and divide before add and subtract), the final result is 21.

2. Try the combination:

   • Between 5 and 3: “×”

   • Between 3 and 8: “+”

   • Between 8 and 4: “−”

   • Between 4 and 2: “÷”

3. Write out the expression:

   5 × 3 + 8 − 4 ÷ 2

4. Evaluate step by step:

   • First, handle multiplication and division from left to right:

     • 5 × 3 = 15

     • 4 ÷ 2 = 2

   • Now the expression becomes:

     15 + 8 − 2

   • Next, perform addition and subtraction from left to right:

     • 15 + 8 = 23

     • 23 − 2 = 21

5. The result is indeed 21. Therefore, the correct set of symbols to fill in the blanks is:

5 × 3 + 8 − 4 ÷ 2 = 21

Both options (A) and (C) are correct as seen from the last paragraph.

The passage states that ICMR guidelines are being violated often and cases of rampant exploitation of surrogate mothers are being witnessed.

Option (B) is not correct since the passage states that surrogacy is socially acceptable in India.

S1: The plant is coded as Red and Red is coded as Green.

As we know the color of plant is Green, but in this statement code for Green is not given.

So, S1 alone is not sufficient to know the code for the color of plant.

S2: Green is coded as Yellow and Yellow is coded as Rose.

We know the color of Plant is Green, and here Green is coded as Yellow.

So, S2 alone is sufficient to know the code for the color of plant i.e. Yellow.

1. Translate each “divided by” statement into the idea “N plus 2 is a multiple of that divisor.”

   • If N divided by 3 leaves remainder 1, then N + 2 is exactly divisible by 3 (because 3 − 1 = 2).

   • If N divided by 4 leaves remainder 2, then N + 2 is exactly divisible by 4 (because 4 − 2 = 2).

   • If N divided by 5 leaves remainder 3, then N + 2 is exactly divisible by 5 (because 5 − 3 = 2).

   • If N divided by 6 leaves remainder 4, then N + 2 is exactly divisible by 6 (because 6 − 4 = 2).

   • If N divided by 8 leaves remainder 6, then N + 2 is exactly divisible by 8 (because 8 − 6 = 2).

   In every case, “divisor minus remainder” equals 2. That means N + 2 must be a common multiple of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8.

2. Find the least common multiple of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8.

   • List prime-factor insights or simply recall that:
     • 3 and 5 are primes.
     • 4 = 2 × 2, 6 = 2 × 3, 8 = 2 × 2 × 2.

   • The highest power of 2 among these is 8 (which is 2 × 2 × 2).

   • We also need factors of 3 and 5.

   • Putting these together, the smallest number that is simultaneously divisible by 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 is 120.

   So N + 2 must be a multiple of 120. In other words:
   N + 2 = 120 × k,  where k is a positive integer.
    

3. Rearrange to express N, then look for the largest three-digit value.
   From “N + 2 = 120 × k,” we get N = 120 × k − 2.
   We want N to remain a three-digit number (that is, between 100 and 999).
   Solve mentally: if you try k = 8, then
   N = 120 × 8 − 2 = 960 − 2 = 958,

4. If you bump k up to 9, then

   N = 120 × 9 − 2 = 1080 − 2 = 1078,

   which is too large (it’s a four-digit number).

5. Therefore, the largest integer k that keeps N three-digit is 8, and s

   N = 958

    

Calculations :

Three digit numbers start from 100 up to 999

Total three digit numbers = 900

Four digit number start from 1000 up to 9999

Total four digit numbers = 9000

Difference of four digit number and three digit numbers = 9000 - 900

⇒ 8100

Poets: Renu, Jayesi, Kabir, Bardai and Hathrasi

i) Kabir wrote 75 poems less than Jayesi.

ii) The difference between the poems written by Kabir and Jayesi is one fourth the number of poems written by Kabir.

This implies that of poems written by Kabir.

Therefore,

The number of poems written by Kabir = 300.

The number of poems written by Jayesi = 375.

iii) Jayesi wrote 35 poems more than Hathrasi.

The number of poems written by Hathrasi = 375 – 35 = 340

iv) The number of poems written by Renu is times the poems written by Kabir.

The number of poems written by Renu of poems written by Kabir × 300 = 500

v) Renu wrote maximum number of poem and she wrote 55 poems more than Bardai.

The number of poems written by Bardai = 500 – 55 = 445

Renu (500) > Bardai (445) > Jayesi (375) > Hathrasi (340) > Kabir(300)

Therefore, one poet Renu wrote more poems than Bardai.

Given:

Four sons and an unmarried daughter live with their parents. A son has a daughter and a son. Each of the other sons has 2 daughters.

3 sons has 2 daughter,

Therefore number of female = 6

One son has one daughter and one son,

Number of female = 1

Four sons and an unmarried daughter live with their parents,

So, total number of female = 6 + 1 + 1+ 1 = 9

The correct answer is  'has no time to do so'.Key Points

• The passage mentions that individuals find it very difficult to spend their leisure time in serious activities due to excessive labor.
• This implies that individuals may not have sufficient time for self-improvement activities because of their busy schedules.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2. 

Given:

Selling Price = Marked Price - ()

J1 = Total selling price of article P and R.

J2 = Total selling price of Q and T.

Calculation:

Selling price of P =

300 - 

⇒ 300 - 60

= 240

Selling price of Q is,

600 - 

⇒ 600 - 150

= 450

Selling price of R is 

400 - 

⇒ 400 - 64

= 336

Selling Price of T

800 - 

⇒ 800 - 240

= 560

So, J2 = Total selling price of Q and T.

450 + 560 = 1010

J1 = Total selling price of article P and R.

336 + 240 = 576

So,  (J2 - J1) ,

1010 - 576 = 434

The value of (J2 - J1) is 434

The least possible venn diagram is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. At least some microwaves are inductions → Not Follows (Because all microwaves are ovens, and no ovens are induction).

II. No microwave is an induction → Follows (Because all microwaves are ovens, and no ovens are induction).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion II follows". 

Logic : Country : Currency

• Peso is the currency of Argentina.

Similarly,

• Yen is the currency of Japan.

Hence, the correct answer is "Japan : Yen"

Calculation:

There are two containers X and Y.

X contains 100 ml of milk.

Y contains 100 ml of water.

20 ml of milk from X is transferred to Y.

Now, we get,

X → Milk = 80 ml

Y → Milk = 20 ml and Water = 100 ml

Total mixture in Y is 120 ml in which ratio of Milk and Water is 1 :5 respectively.

After that 20 ml of the mixture of Y is transferred to X,

Mixture to be transferred from Y = Y → Milk = 20/6, Water = (20/6) × 5 = 100/6

Remaining mixture in Y = Y → Milk = 20 - (20/6) = 100/6, Water = 100 - (100/6) = 500/6

New Mixture in X = X → Milk = 80 + (20/6) = 500/6, Water = 100/6

It is given that m denotes the proportion of milk in X i.e. 500/6

It is given that n denotes the proportion of water in Y i.e. 500/6

It means m = n.

Hence, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• In the passage, it has been highlighted that an exclusive focus on economic growth is problematic.
• It leads to adverse distributional effects, environmental degradation and poor levels of human development.
• Human development requires the collaboration of multiple factors like health, happiness, gender equity, education, clean water, etc, besides income.
• Mere focus on economic growth and GDP growth eludes human developmental factors.
• Thus, human development and economic growth are not always positively interrelated.

Hence, the correct answer is 2 only.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• Let us examine the given assumptions:
• Assumption 1 states that economic growth will reduce economic disparity, This is incorrect as, according to the passage, exclusive focus on economic growth might lead to adverse distributional effects.
• Assumption 2 states that environmental degradation is often caused by economic growth. This is correct as highlighted in the passage, "...an unbalanced emphasis on growth is often associated with negative environmental consequences..."
  

Therefore, the correct answer is 2 only.

The correct answer is 1 and 2.

Key Points

• Note: Assumption - A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.  
• Option 1 is the correct answer as statement 1 and 2 can be taken as assumptions. 
• Statement 1  is correct, in the passage 'without actual availability of security that guarantees that private force cannot be used to thwart this right' implies that there should be a mechanism/institutions to ensure the right of free expression.  
• Statement 2 is also correct, in the last sentence of the passage 'actively ensure that private parties are not able to block it' means the state should ensure that private parties don't violate the rights of citizens. 
• Statement 3 doesn't make any sense, the passage doesn't talk about the digital economy and its relation with the right to privacy. 

Hence, the correct answer is 1 and 2.

Important Points

•  know the difference between the following words: 

In the question figure two elements a) line and b) triangle is there:

Movement of line : Line is moving one place to the left side . In the next figure the line will be horizontal at the bottom.

Movement of Triangle : Triangle is moving in anti clockwise direction at the four corner positions of the quadrilateral and also changing its direction in up and down position in alternate figure. In the next figure the triangle will face up and will be positioned in left upper corner of the quadrilateral.

The next figure will be as follows:

Hence, the above figure is the correct answer. 

The true aim of government is to secure citizens their social and political freedom. This aligns with the idea that the government should not control individuals through fear but instead empower them to live securely and freely. By enhancing their rights to exist and work without harm, the government supports the rational development of individuals.

Calculation:

B = 90° , C = 50°, D = 45°, E = 75°

Total expenditure on A, B, C, D and E = 360°

A = 360° - 260° = 100°

Percentage of expenditure on item A = (100/360) × 100 = 250/9

Hence, option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is 1, 4 and 5 only. 

Key Points 

• Thie given question is a tough one, based on the GK.
• Fertigation is a method of fertilizer application in which fertilizer is incorporated within the irrigation water by the drip system.
• The application of fertilizers is not agroecological in nature.
• Hydroponics also involves adding nutrients which is not natural.
• Therefore the options 2 and 3 are wrong.
• In vertical farming involves growing crops under artificial conditions of light and temperature. Hence vertical farming is not an agroecological practice.
• Fertigation, hydroponics and vertical farming are not consistent with indefinite recycling.
• Whereas other methods like cover crops, mixed farming and polyculture are agroecological in nature.
• Hence the correct answer is 1, 4 and 5.

The logic follows here is :

On close observation, we find that the problem figure is embedded in option (1) as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

The correct answer is "Supporting small farmers is an important part of any agenda regarding environmentally sustainable development."

Key Points

• In the passage, the author has talked about the effects of climate change on the agricultural system and associated livelihoods and food security.
• The passage argues that, in India, almost 42% of food grains are produced by small farmers.
• However, since these small farmers do not have enough resources and technological access to deal with the impact of climate change on crops, they are highly vulnerable to loss of livelihood.
• This also has implications for the food security of India, or any other nation, for that matter.
• Thus, there is a need to equip small farmers with adequate resources and technology to promote environmentally sustainable and inclusive development and protect food security and livelihoods.

Hence, the logical corollary is that supporting small farmers is an important part of any agenda regarding environmentally sustainable development.

Calculation:

M.P - face value

S.P – Selling Price

Plan I

Effective discount = 15 + 15 - (152/100)

⇒ 30 – 2.25 = 27.75%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 72.25

Scheme II:

Effective discount = 25 + 5 – (25 × 5)/100

⇒ 30 – 1.25 = 28.75%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 71.25

Scheme III:

Effective discount = 20 + 10 – (20 × 10)/100

⇒ 30 – 2 = 28%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 72

Scheme IV:

discount 30%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 70

As in scheme i we get the least discount, so the selling price in scheme i is the maximum. Hence the correct option is 4.

Given:

Weight of gold = 8 kg

Weight of silver = 2 kg

Total weight (under water) = 9.25 kg

Calculation:

Let goldsmith took x amount of gold and added x amount of silver

Now the weight of gold = 8 - x

The weight of silver = 2 + x

Weight loses in underwater = 10 - 9.25 = 0.75 kg

According to condition,

[(8 - x)/20] + [(2 + x)/10] = 0.75

⇒ 8 - x + 4 + 2x = 0.75 × 20

⇒ x = 15 - 12

⇒ x = 3 kg

∴ 3 kg gold was stolen by the goldsmith.