UPSC Indian Forest Service (IFoS) Prelims CSAT (GS2) Mock Test- 10 Free

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

In effect, the Sustainable Development Goals Index celebrates rich countries while turning a blind eye to the damage they are causing. Ecological economists have long warned against this approach. It violates the principle of “strong sustainability,” which holds that good performance on development indicators cannot legitimately substitute for destructive levels of ecological impact. The SDG Index team is aware of this problem. It’s even mentioned in their methodological notes - but then it’s swept under the rug in favor of a final metric that has little grounding in ecological principles.
Q. Which one of the following is best reflects the crux of the passage?

Direction: Read the following  passage and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

While infrastructure is essential for creating safe and inclusive places, we cannot underplay the importance of changing mindsets. There is a need for the sensitization of students, teachers, and staff in all educational institutions, from primary schools to universities, on understanding and accepting queer and transgender folks. India has taken a step in the right direction by enacting the Transgender Persons Act, which speaks of a trans-inclusive education system wherein transgender students learn with other students without fear of discrimination, neglect, or harassment.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Presently every stakeholder in educational institutions is not adequately sensitized about transgender persons.
2.Before the enactment of the Transgender Persons Act, there was no any Act in the country to deal with transgender persons.
3.The said Act will empower the transgender while removing difficulties they face in every sector.
Q. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

A number is multiplied by one-sixth, then divided by one-seventh, and then multiplied by seven-tenth. Result is what percent of the original number?

A candidate who gets 20% marks, fails by 10 marks. Another candidate who gets 42% marks, gets 12% of the maximum marks more than the passing marks. Find the maximum marks.

If the difference between P and R is r% of R, and the sum of P and R is 210, then which of the following statements is always true?

How much water must be added to a 100 cc of 80% solution of boric acid to reduce it to a 50% solution?

Direction: Read the following four passage and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Pesticide resistance is increasing and farmers’ and other pest managers’ dependencies on chemical insecticides have led to a high frequency of insecticide resistance in some crop systems. To fight pesticide resistance and based on a knowledge of the genetics of the development of pesticide resistance, several principles must be adhered to for delaying the emergence of resistance or avoiding it entirely. These principles include pesticide rotation or switching, avoiding unnecessary pesticide applications, using non-chemical control techniques, and leaving untreated refuges where susceptible pests can survive.
Q. Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage?

Direction: Read the following four passage and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Today about 25% of modern pharmacopoeia are derived from plants. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about 80% of the developing country's population still relies on traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, to help meet their health care needs. Also, there is an increase in the demand for plant products in both developing and developed countries because of several advantages such as no side effects, non-toxic, and affordable prices. Plants provide the raw material for industries producing pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumes, and fragrance flavours imparting biochemical. Therefore, there is an urgent need for conservation, sustainable utilization, and management of plant genetic resources of the region to meet the growing requirements of food, fodder, fibre, health, water, and other needs.

Q. According to the passage above, what are the different uses of plants?

1. Preparation of medicines

2. Consumption of food

3. Prevention of soil erosion

4. Making perfumes

5. Controlling air pollution

Select the correct answer from code below:

In a class, 40% of the boys is same as half of the girls, and there are 20 girls in total. Total number of students in the class is:

A departmental store receives a shipment of 1,000 shirts, for which it pays Rs. 900000. The store sells the shirts at a price 80 per cent above the cost for one month, after which it reduces the price of the shirts to 20 per cent above the cost. The store sells 750 shirts in the first month, and 50 per cent of the remaining shirts afterwards. How much gross income did the sales of the shirts generate?

Two friends Ajit and Lalit made investments in a business in the ratio 60:40. Lalit had borrowed his entire invested amount as personal loan at an annual interest rate of 5%.He repaid this loan after one year. After 5 years of investment, they got a profit of 30% on the total investment they had made. What is the ratio of actual profit made by Ajit and Lalit?

A girl was trying to find 7th / 9 of a number. But, she found 9th/7 of the number and realized that the difference between the answer she got & the correct answer is 32. What was the actual number?  

The average age of three old ladies before 3 years was 42. The average age of second and third old lady 5 years ago was 25. What is the present age of first old lady?  

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

There are four declared candidates for permanent membership: India, Japan, Brazil and Germany, called the G-4. Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean are unrepresented in the permanent category at present. Africa’s claim for two permanent seats has wide understanding and support, but the Africans have yet to decide which two countries these are to be. As for India, we can discount Pakistan’s opposition; China will not support India nor will it ever support Japan. Brazil has regional opponents and claimants. As for Germany, Italy is firmly opposed to its claim. Italy has an interesting argument. If Germany and Japan – both Axis powers during the Second World War, and hence ‘enemy’ states – were to join as permanent members, that would leave out only Italy, the third founding member of the Axis group. In any case there are already three western nations among the P-5. Even if India enjoyed near universal support, there is no way that India alone can be elected; it will have to be a package deal involving countries from other groups.  There is quite a debate going on about whether the aspiring countries should accept permanent membership without the right of veto. There is no ambiguity regarding the position of the P-5. Every one of them is firmly opposed to conferring the veto power to any prospective new permanent member. Not just the P-5. The vast majority of members do not want any more veto-wielding members in the Council. There is a proposal to the effect that a resolution can be defeated only by a negative vote of at least two permanent members. This also is a non-starter; the P-5 are firmly opposed to any dilution of their privileged position.  

Out of four declared candidates for permanent membership to UN security council, India alone can be elected because :

I. India has near universal support.  

II. Germany’s claim is opposed by India

III. Japan’s claim is opposed by China

IV. Brazil claim is opposed by her neighbors. 

Give the correct answer using the following codes.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

It is always advisable to surrender a child rather than abandon him if the conditions to retain the child are beyond the control of parents or guardian. Abandonment endangers the child’s life. Surrender before the Child Welfare Committee (CWC) is a guarantee that the child will be taken care of till he or she attains majority or is adopted by a fit and willing parent. As most of the reasons for child abandonment are an unwanted pregnancy, breakdown of a relationship, lower socio-economic status, either or both parents being drug addicts or alcoholics, a child can be considered eligible for surrender and declared so after the prescribed process of inquiry and counseling. Further, the disclosure of the identity of such children is prohibited and all reports related to the child are to be treated confidential by the CWC. Hence, there is nothing the parents need to fear about. Also, the surrender of a child does not entail any criminal action.  

What is the most, rational and critical inference that can be made from the above passage? 

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Ukraine has been massively assisted by NATO weaponry, training, communications, satellite and human intelligence, reconnaissance, information processing systems and total control over the global media. While the World Bank is slow to help devastated war-torn nations such as Yemen and Afghanistan, it rushed $4.5 billion to Ukraine, while the International Monetary Fund came up with $1.4 billion. The West fails to understand how hypocritical its sanctions appear. For example, the United States exerted much effort persuading India and others to boycott Iranian and Venezuelan oil, only to try to get those shipments back on the market after its opposition shifted to Russia.  

 From the above passage following assumptions have been drawn:

I. Era of war is coming to an end  

II. Geopolitics and Geoeconomics go hand in hand.  

Which of the above assumptions are/is valid:

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Ladakh’s recent Union Territory status, a government eager to expand economic opportunities via tourism and the Indian Army expanding its infrastructure development, lighting to bolster its defence at the India-China border which is not far away – all these are challenges in keeping light from seeping into Hanle.  To strike a balance, the Ladakh government along with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and India’s Scientific Ministries is laying the groundwork to have Hanle declared as an International Dark Sky Reserve by the International Dark-Sky Association. Since 1988, the U.S. based non-profit has been advocating the cause of minimizing light pollution and certifies places where night skies are least polluted as International Dark Sky Reserves or sanctuaries.
“The average tourist visits for high roads, exotic landscape, and Pangong Lake. Hanle is already in a wildlife sanctuary and developing it as such a reserve would encourage a newer kind of tourism, or Astro-tourism,” says Kotwal. “The most important condition, however, is that it must have the support of the local community”.  In the weeks ahead, amateur and professional astronomers have been roped in by the IIA and the local government to give talks on constellations to villagers. As many as 18 telescopes will be set up in village clusters, and homestay owners trained in elementary astronomy to guide Astro-tourists. Villagers will also be given dark curtains to minimize outgoing light from residences. The roads will be installed with light delineators.  Having been promised electrification in two years and funds from the government to improve their homes to homestays, residents of the village say they would be happy to comply with light restrictions.   

 From the above passage following are the challenges in keeping artificial light away from Henle:
I. Lighting at the Indo-China border.  

II. Restrictions of Dark-Sky association.  

III. Increased economic activities.

IV. Electrification of the village to improve homes as homestays.  

Select the correct answer using the code below: 

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Ladakh’s recent Union Territory status, a government eager to expand economic opportunities via tourism and the Indian Army expanding its infrastructure development, lighting to bolster its defence at the India-China border which is not far away – all these are challenges in keeping light from seeping into Hanle.  To strike a balance, the Ladakh government along with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and India’s Scientific Ministries is laying the groundwork to have Hanle declared as an International Dark Sky Reserve by the International Dark-Sky Association. Since 1988, the U.S. based non-profit has been advocating the cause of minimizing light pollution and certifies places where night skies are least polluted as International Dark Sky Reserves or sanctuaries.
“The average tourist visits for high roads, exotic landscape, and Pangong Lake. Hanle is already in a wildlife sanctuary and developing it as such a reserve would encourage a newer kind of tourism, or Astro-tourism,” says Kotwal. “The most important condition, however, is that it must have the support of the local community”.  In the weeks ahead, amateur and professional astronomers have been roped in by the IIA and the local government to give talks on constellations to villagers. As many as 18 telescopes will be set up in village clusters, and homestay owners trained in elementary astronomy to guide Astro-tourists. Villagers will also be given dark curtains to minimize outgoing light from residences. The roads will be installed with light delineators.  Having been promised electrification in two years and funds from the government to improve their homes to homestays, residents of the village say they would be happy to comply with light restrictions.   

Which of the following measures from the passage will enable Hanle to be developed as an International Dark Sky Reserve:

I. Developing Astro tourism by government.

II. Issue of dark curtains to villagers to minimise outgoing light from the residences.

III. Light delineators for roads.

IV. Support of the local community.

Select the right answer using the code below:  

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Ladakh’s recent Union Territory status, a government eager to expand economic opportunities via tourism and the Indian Army expanding its infrastructure development, lighting to bolster its defence at the India-China border which is not far away – all these are challenges in keeping light from seeping into Hanle.  To strike a balance, the Ladakh government along with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and India’s Scientific Ministries is laying the groundwork to have Hanle declared as an International Dark Sky Reserve by the International Dark-Sky Association. Since 1988, the U.S. based non-profit has been advocating the cause of minimizing light pollution and certifies places where night skies are least polluted as International Dark Sky Reserves or sanctuaries.
“The average tourist visits for high roads, exotic landscape, and Pangong Lake. Hanle is already in a wildlife sanctuary and developing it as such a reserve would encourage a newer kind of tourism, or Astro-tourism,” says Kotwal. “The most important condition, however, is that it must have the support of the local community”.  In the weeks ahead, amateur and professional astronomers have been roped in by the IIA and the local government to give talks on constellations to villagers. As many as 18 telescopes will be set up in village clusters, and homestay owners trained in elementary astronomy to guide Astro-tourists. Villagers will also be given dark curtains to minimize outgoing light from residences. The roads will be installed with light delineators.  Having been promised electrification in two years and funds from the government to improve their homes to homestays, residents of the village say they would be happy to comply with light restrictions.   

Once Hanle is declared as an International Dark Sky Reserve, the following are the assumptions that can be made based on the passage:  

I. Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) is likely to gets a boost to its activities.

II. Local community will not get any benefits due to proposed light restrictions.

Select which of the above restrictions are / is valid using the following codes :

The weightage of 5 tests in a class and the marks scored by Ritu in those tests are as follows. What is the weighted average of the percentages she obtained in the five tests?

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Unlike other endangered endemic bird species in the Nilgiris such as the Nilgiri Laughing Thrush (Montecincla cachinnans),which seems to have a degree of adaptability and tolerance for anthropogenic changes to its environment, the Sholakili (Nilgiri Blue Robin) seems to be highly restricted to only Shola forest habitats, making it more susceptible to changes in its environment, said an independent researcher and wildlife biologist. He said the habitats of the Sholakili were shrinking due to expanding plantations, settlements and other construction activities. 

Which of the following is the most crucial and logical inference that can be made from the above passage?

Balaji, Arun, Prasad and Vimal are business partners. Their profit is shared in the ratio 3:5 : 9:13 respectively. If the share of prasad is 1800 Rs more than share of Balaji, then what is the total amount of share received by Arun and Vimal?

The length and breadth of a rectangular signboard are in the ratio 7 : 2 respectively. Find the perimeter of the signboard if area is 3584 sq m.

Vishal reaches Patna on Friday and found he reached the place 3 days before. If he had reached Patna on coming Sunday, then how many days before or after he would have reached Patna?

Directions for: Study the bar diagram given below to answer these questions 

If the total expenditure of family A is Rs.30,000 then the expenditure accounted for Food, EMI and Entertainment is :

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to the item should be based on the passage only. 

As one might expect, depression is strongly correlated with poverty and poor health, but also with loneliness. Among the elderly living alone, in the Tamil Nadu sample, 74% had symptoms that would classify them as likely to be mildly depressed or worse on the short-from Geriatric Depression Scale. Large majority of elderly person living alone are women mainly widows. The hardships of old age are not related to poverty alone, but some cash often helps.  

Q. Which among the following could be the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage:

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to the item should be based on the passage only. 

Politics for Gandhiji, was but a part of man’s life, one that encircles men like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter how much one tries. Though he thought that an increase in the power of the state can inflict the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality which lays at the root of the progress, yet he viewed political power as a means that enabled people to make their conditions better in every department of life. He wrote, “my work of social reform was no way less or subordinate to political work. The fact is, that when I saw that to a certain extent my social work would be impossible without the help of political work, I took to the latter and only to the extent it served the former”. Political life is not stranger to other aspects of life. He used to say, “My life is one indivisible whole, and all my activities run into one another, and they all have their rise in my insatiable love of mankind”.  Political activity of man is closely associated with other activities of man and all these activities, according to Gandhiji, influence each other. That is why he never separated politics from from other walks of man’s life. What he hated in politics was the concentration of power and the use of violence associated with political power. In his own words,” The state represents violence in a concentrated and organized form. The individual has a soul, but the state is soulless machine, it can never be weaned from violence to which it owes its very existence. What I would personally prefer, would be not a centralization of power in the hands of the State but an extension of the sense of trusteeship ….” Politics and for that matter the state, according to him was not an end, but a means that enabled men to make their lives better. An ideal state or political life is one in which men rule themselves. For Gandhiji there is no political power in the ideal state because in it there is no state. But as the ideal was not fully realized in life, Gandhiji contented himself with Thoureau’s classical statement- that government was best which governed the least.  

From the above passage the following assumptions have been made:  

I. More the power to the State more the progress of individuals.

II. Without State individuals can live better.

Which of the above assumptions are / is valid: 

A test has 100 questions. There is two mark for a correct answer, while there is a negative penalty of one mark for wrong answer and 0.5 marks for unattended question. A student did not attempt 12 questions and secured net total of 68 marks. How many questions did he attempt?

On independence day, chocolates were to be distributed amongst 300 children. But on that day, 50 students were absent and so, each child got one extra chocolate. How many chocolates were distributed?  

Six bells ring at intervals of 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12 minutes respectively. They started ringing simultaneously at 5.00 am. Until 2.00 pm, how many times all the bells will ring together?