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MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: International Environmental Convention (10 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "International Environmental Convention". These 10 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 40 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 10

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International Environmental Convention - Question 1

Review the four international agreements listed here: 1) Stockholm Convention, 2) Rotterdam Convention, 3) Basel Convention, 4) Minamata Convention. Arrange these conventions in the chronological order of their formation.

  1. Stockholm Convention
  2. Rotterdam Convention
  3. Basel Convention
  4. Minamata Convention

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Stockholm Convention global treaty protecting health/environment from POPs, opened signature 2001 Stockholm, effective 2004. Rotterdam Convention 1998 covers banned/restricted pesticides/chemicals, creates legally binding PIC procedure obligations. Basel Convention 1989, effective 1992, reduces hazardous waste transboundary movements. Minamata Convention on Mercury protects health/environment from mercury adverse effects, agreed 2013.

International Environmental Convention - Question 2

With regard to the Stockholm Convention, evaluate the following statements:

  1. The Stockholm Convention is a legally binding international treaty aimed at protecting human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
  2. At present, 21 chemicals are covered under the Stockholm Convention.
  3. India has ratified all the listed POPs under the Stockholm Convention.

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

The Stockholm Convention protects human health and environment from POPs. Statement 1 is correct - each country must develop implementation plans. Statement 2 is incorrect - initially 12 POPs recognized, but 34 chemicals currently covered after amendments. Statement 3 is incorrect - India ratified 12 initial POPs and approved 7 additional chemicals including Chlordecone and Hexabromobiphenyl.

International Environmental Convention - Question 3

Assess the following pairings: 1) Stockholm Convention : Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants; 2) Rotterdam Convention : Transboundary movement of hazardous waste; 3) Basel Convention : Prior Informed Consent in the trade of hazardous substances. Which of the above pairings are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Stockholm Convention (opened 2001, entered force 2004) protects human health/environment from POPs, with scientifically researched listing in various Annexes (Pair 1 correctly matched). Rotterdam Convention (adopted 1998, entered force 2004) covers banned/severely restricted pesticides/chemicals with PIC procedure implementation (Pair 2 incorrectly matched). Basel Convention (adopted 1989, entered force 1992) reduces hazardous waste trans-boundary movement, preventing developed-to-less-developed transfer (Pair 3 incorrectly matched).

International Environmental Convention - Question 4

Which statements about the Montreal Protocol are correct?

  1. It is the first UN treaty to achieve universal ratification by all member states.
  2. The protocol initially targeted substances such as Hydrofluorocarbons that directly deplete the ozone layer.
  3. The Protocol phases down Ozone Depleting Substances in a stepwise manner, with different timelines for developed and developing countries.

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Montreal Protocol 1987 is first UN treaty achieving universal ratification by all 198 member states for phasing out ozone-depleting substances - statement 1 correct. HFCs introduced as CFC substitutes don't deplete ozone, phased down via Kigali Amendment 2016 as potent greenhouse gases, not ozone-depletion concern - statement 2 incorrect. Protocol sets mandatory phase-down timetable with relaxed timelines for developing countries - statement 3 correct.

International Environmental Convention - Question 5

With regard to the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint:

  1. The alliance is a joint undertaking of the United Nations Environment and the World Health Organization.
  2. The objective of the alliance is to prevent children's exposure to lead from paint and to minimize occupational exposures to lead paint.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint voluntary partnership by UNEP and WHO preventing lead exposure through paint phase-out - statement 1 correct. Collaborative initiative focusing catalyzing stakeholder efforts achieving goals preventing children's lead exposure, minimizing occupational exposures - statement 2 correct. Lead poisonous, especially children; absorbed more; through paint particles, dust, soil; malnutrition exacerbates impact.

International Environmental Convention - Question 6

Evaluate the following statements about the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS):

  1. It is an intergovernmental treaty concluded under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme.
  2. The Central Asian Flyway initiative was established under CMS to protect migratory corridors and the species that use them.
  3. India is a signatory to this Convention.

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

CMS aims conserve terrestrial/aquatic/avian migratory species throughout range—intergovernmental UN Environment Programme treaty. Bonn Convention adopted June 23, 1979. India Signatory since 1983. CMS framework convention; agreements range legally binding treaties to Memoranda Understanding, adapted particular regions. CMS COP 14 adopted Initiative Central Asian Flyway (India introduced February 17, 2024) restoring migratory species populations. Statements 1, 2, 3 correct.

International Environmental Convention - Question 7

What is meant by the term 'Bamako Convention,' occasionally mentioned in the news?

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Bamako Convention treaty of African nations prohibiting hazardous and radioactive waste import into Africa, effective 1998. Scope covers hazardous wastes. Purpose: prohibit all hazardous/radioactive waste imports; minimize transboundary movements within Africa; prohibit ocean/inland water dumping; ensure environmentally sound disposal; promote cleaner production; establish precautionary principle.

International Environmental Convention - Question 8

Referring to the Basel Convention, evaluate the following statements:

  1. The convention aims to regulate the cross-border movement of hazardous wastes.
  2. India is a party to the convention.
  3. The Basel Convention is the only global legally binding instrument to address plastic waste.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

Basel Convention adopted 1989, effective 1992, controls transboundary hazardous waste movements. Establishes prior informed consent requiring importing country written consent for waste movement and disposal. India party, ratified June 1992, effective September 22, 1992 - statement 2 correct. 2019 amendment included plastic waste under legally binding framework - statement 3 correct.

International Environmental Convention - Question 9

Consider the following statements:

  1. Statement I: World Wetlands Day is observed on 22 March every year worldwide.
  2. Statement II: World Wetlands Day marks the signing of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1971.

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to the statements above?

Detailed Solution: Question 9

World Wetlands Day observed February 2nd commemorating Ramsar Convention Wetlands International Importance signing 1971. MoEFCC organized 2025 celebrations Parvati Arga Ramsar Site February 2, theme 'Protecting Wetlands Common Future'. India party since 1982, largest Ramsar Sites network Asia. Recently increased 89 sites: Udhwa Lake (Jharkhand), Theerthangal/Sakkarakottai (Tamil Nadu), Khecheopalri (Sikkim), first Ramsar Sites. Tamil Nadu (20 sites), Uttar Pradesh (10 sites) maximum.

International Environmental Convention - Question 10

Referring to the Rotterdam Convention, consider the following statements:

  1. It is an international agreement that aims to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living-modified organisms (LMOs).
  2. It creates legally binding obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure.
  3. International trade of pesticides Iprodione and Terbufos have been included for the "prior informed consent" (PIC) procedure under it.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Rotterdam Convention objectives promote shared responsibility cooperative efforts international trade hazardous chemicals protecting human health and environment; contribute environmentally sound use through information exchange, national decision-making, dissemination. Creates legally binding PIC procedure obligations. Adopted 1998, effective 2004 - statement 2 correct. Cartagena Protocol ensures safe handling living modified organisms - statement 1 incorrect. Iprodione and Terbufos pesticides recommended PIC procedure, dangerous humans and aquatic animals - statement 3 correct.

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