TSPSC AE Civil AEE Paper 1 Mock Test - 5 Free Online Test 2026

The pattern followed here is:

Here, we have to interchange the numbers and mathematical signs that would make the given equation correct.

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) 20 and 80, × and +

After interchanging the number and sign we get the:

⇒ 72 ÷ 8 + 9 − 36 × 80 = 20

⇒ 9 + 9 - 36 × 80 = 20

⇒ 9 + 9 - 2880 = 20

⇒ 18 - 2880 = 20

⇒ -2862 ≠ 20

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 9 and 36, × and ÷

After interchanging the number and sign we get the:

⇒ 72 × 8 ÷ 36 − 9 + 20 = 80

⇒ 72 × 0.222 - 9 +20 = 80

⇒ 15.84 - 9 + 20 = 80

⇒ 35.84 - 9 = 80

⇒ 26.84 ≠ 80

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) 36 and 72, ÷ and −

After interchanging the number and sign we get the:

⇒ 36 - 8 × 9 ÷ 72 + 20 = 80

⇒ 36 - 8 × 0.125 + 20 = 80

⇒ 36 - 1 + 20 = 80

⇒ 56 - 1 = 80

⇒ 55 ≠ 80

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) 8 and 9, + and −

⇒ 72 ÷ 9 × 8 + 36 - 20 = 80

⇒ 8 × 8 + 36 - 20 = 80

⇒ 64 + 36 - 20 = 80

⇒ 100 - 20 = 80

⇒ 80 = 80

⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is B, A, D, C

Explanation

The Indigo revolt:

• The Indigo revolt was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against indigo planters that erupted in 1859 in Chaugacha village of Nadia, Bengal.
• The most militant and widespread of the peasant movements was the Indigo Revolt of 1859-60.
• The tenants were forced to grow indigo, which was processed in factories set up by indigo planters, almost all of whom were Europeans, in rural areas.

Deccan Riots:

• The Deccan Riots Commission was set up which presented a report to the British Parliament in 1878.
• In 1879, the Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts.
• In 1867, the government raised the land revenue by 50% which led to the worsening of peasant’s conditions, hence Deccan Riots started in 1875.

Ahmedabad Mill workers strike:

• Gandhiji’s second struggle was at Ahmedabad in 1918 when he had to intervene in a dispute between the workers and the mill-owners.
• He advised the workers to go on strike and to demand a 35 per cent increase in wages.
• He insisted that the workers should not use violence against the employers during the strike.
• He undertook a fast unto death to strengthen the workers’ resolve to continue the strike.

Bardoli Satyagraha:

• Among the most pivotal moments in the Indian freedom struggle was the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928.
• The movement was a truly participative and secular peasants movement guided by Sardar Vallabhai Pateland Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the non-violent Bardoli Satyagraha laid the blueprint of what followed.
• For four months starting from February 1928, farmers from 137 villages in this 600-sq-km taluka of Surat district, Gujarat, not only challenged the British colonial administration and won but also played a part in reinvigorating the freedom struggle after the mass Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) fell apart
• Also, the movement was further went on to pave way for the Civil Disobedience Movement, two years later, highlighted by the game changing Dandi March.

The correct answer is A, B & C Only

Explanation

• Adilabad Dokra metal craft:
  • It is also known as bell metal craft, practiced by ojha metal smiths belonging to states like jharkand ,chattisgrah,odish and telangana.
  • It is tribal metal craft produced by Usheaon village of jainoor mandal of adilabad district.
  • They use perfect lost wax technique(cire perdue) for casting metal in telangana.
  • Metal figurines, elephants, folk motifs, peacocks,horses were the most used designs.
• Limbadri Gutta Nizamabad district:
  • It is also known as Nimbachalam, the famous lakshmi narasimha swamy temple located here.
  • The hill is totally covered by neem trees that is the reason it is called as nimbachalam.
  • Limbadri also known as dakshina badrinath.
• Pochampally Ikkat saree:
  • Pochampally ikkat saree is made in pochampally, yadadri bhuvanagiri district of telangana.
  • They have traditional geometrical patterns.
  • They got geographical indication tag in 2005.
  • UNESCO selects pochampally as best tourism villages.
• Warangal Durries:
  • Warangal durries are cotton rugs which are flat woven , created exquisitely by artisians of warangal dist of telangana.
  • Weavers create beautiful patterns and dye these durries using vegetable colours, which are washed in flowing water after the printing press.
  • Handloom to date remains one of the most rich traditional practice of the world.

The Correct answer is 1-c,2-a,3-b

ExplanationProlaraju – I

• Prolaraju-I dug a number of tanks, including the Kesa Samudram (Kesari Tank) in Hanumakonda and the Jagat Kesari Samudram.
• Prolaraju accompanied Kalyani Chalukya ruler Vikramaditya-VI in his invasions and earned the title Samadhigatha Pancha Mahasabda.
• His victories are accounted for in the inscriptions at Khazipet, Pillalamarri, and Palampeta.
• His titles were Kakati vallabha, Arigaja Kesari, and Samadhigatha Pancha Mahasabda.

Betaraju – II

• Betaraju - II established Shivapuram city in Hanumakonda and built the Beteswara temple there.
• He gave Shivapuram to his spiritual guru, Rameshwara Pandit.
• Betaraju-II received the Shiva diksha from his guru.
• He issued the Khazipet inscription which lists his titles as Vikrama Chakriya Tribhuvana malla.

Rudradeva

• Rudradeva (Pratapa Rudra-I) issued a thousand pillar temple inscription in Hanumakonda.
• In 1163, he declared independence and became Kakatiya's first independent ruler.
• He issued another inscription namely Ganapampa Ganapavaram inscription.
• The Draksharama inscription refers to Rudradeva as Vinaya Bhushana, and it was issued by Inangala Brahmi Reddy.

Mahadeva

• Rudra deva's brother is Mahadeva, Sundella Grama inscription in Peddapalli district is related to Mahadeva's time period.
• His guru was Dhruveshwara Pandit, who was discovered with a broken inscription in Warangal fort.

Calculation:

Marks of Manju in subject B = (85 × 80/100) = 68

Marks of Rekha in subject B = (75 × 80/100) = 60

Marks of Abhi in subject B = (65 × 80/100) = 52

Total number of marks of Manju, Rekha and Abhi = (68 + 60 + 52)

⇒ 180

Average marks of Manju, Rekha and Abhi = (180/3)

⇒ 60

∴ The required average mark is 60

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Veena says Sita's father Raman is the only son of my father-in-law Mohan means Mohan is father of Raman and Veena is wife of Raman. Sita is child of Raman and Veena.

Sindhu, who is the sister of Sita is daughter of Raman and Veena.

So, Sindhu is granddaughter of Mohan.

Hence, ‘Grand daughter’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2.

Explanation

Goreti Venkanna

• He was born in the Telkapally mandal of the Nagarkurnool district's Gowraram village.
• He is known as Praja Kavi (the People's Poet).
• Alasandra Vanka and Rela Puthalu Songs, penned by Goreti Venkanna.
• He became well-known after performing the song Palle Kanneru Peduthundo in the film Kubusam.
• Other songs written by Goreti Venkanna
  • Relaadhulaa thalellade Nelaa Na Telangana.
  • Jai Bholo Amaraveerulaku Jai Bholo.
  • Eddaram Vidipothe Bhumi Baddhalavuthundha (will the earth break, if we both separate).,etc.

Nandini Sidda Reddy

• He is from the district of Siddipet.
• He earned his M.Phil. and Ph.D. in Telugu literature.
  M. Phil topis is Adunika Telugu Kavithvam lo Sooryudu.
• Telangana Matti…. Thyagalaku Patti song was written by Nandini Siddareddy.
• His other songs
  • Nageti Sallalo - Na Telangana song won a Nandi award in 2010.
  • Joharulu Joharulu.... Veerulaku Joharulu, Amarulaku Joharulu.
  • Pudamiki Panduga Puvvula Jatara.....
  • Oka Puvvu, Oka Navvu...

Guda Anjaiah

• Guda Anjaiah was born in 1955 in Lingampally village, Dandepalli Mandal, Adilabad district.
• Dalitha Kadhalu (Story Collection) and Polimera (Novel) are his literary works.
• Ooru manadira...E vaada manadira...E palle manadira by Anjaiah from the film Erra Sainyam.
• This song was written in response to the dominance of landlords.
• The Asian - African countries writers conference was held in Hyderabad in 1980.
• Guda Anjaiah performed the song Ooru manadira at this conference, and the representatives who attended immediately translated it into their languages.

Gaddar

• His title is Praja Yuddanauka.
• Gummadi Vital Rao is his real name.
• Devi Priya created a documentary called Yuddha Nauka Gaddar (worship)" about Gadda, known as Praja Yuddha Nauka.
• Songs written by Gaddar
  • ​Amma Telanganama - Akali Kekala Ganama.
  • Podustunna Poddumeeda - Nadustunna Kalama, Poru Telanganama.
  • Apara Rikshoda (1st song written by Gadar).
  • Ne Padam Meeda Puttumachchanai Chellamma (Orey Riksha Movie).

Correct answer is b, d, a, c.

Explanation

• Telangana state consists of 33 districts which covers an area of 1,12,077 square kilometers.
• It is bordering with 4 states. They are:
  • Maharashtra
  • Karnataka
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Andhra Pradesh
• It is the 11th largest state in our country in area wise.
• It ranks 12th in our country in the case of population.
• The literacy rate of Telangana is 66.54% as per 2011 census.
• The state bird of Telangana is Indian Roller.
• The state flower is Thangedu whereas the state tree is Jammi chettu.
• Its state animal is Spotted deer.

Other Related Points

• Bhadradri Kothagudem is the largest district in the state of Telangana.
• Whereas the smallest district is Hyderabad.
• Hyderabad is the most populous district whereas the Mulugu is the least populous district.
• Medak is situated west to Siddipet.
• Whereas the Warangal Urban is situated in the eastern direction to Siddipet.
• Warangal urban is located in the western direction to Mulugu.

The correct answer is a - iii, b - i, c - ii, d - iv.

Explanation

Bayyaram Tank

• Bayyaram Cheruvu situated in Khammam.
• Mailamba constructed it.

Pakala Tank

• Constructed by Jagadalamummadi.
• It can irrigate up to 9,037 acres of land.
• The necessary conditions and steps to be followed during the construction of lakes can be known through this Pakala Cheruvu.

Kesamudram Tank

• Prolaraju-I constructed a number of tanks, such as the Kesa Samudram (Kesari Tank) near Hanumakonda and the Jagat Kesari Samudram.
• He was known by the titles Kakati vallabha, Arigaja Kesari, and Samadhigatha Pancha Mahasabda.
• Prolaraju accompanied Kalyani Chalukya emperor Vikramaditya-VI on his invasions and was given the title Samadhigatha Pancha Mahasabda.
• Inscriptions found at Khazipet, Pillalamarri, and Palampeta provide details about his victories.

Nagasamudram Trank

• Nagambika, the wife of Rao Madha Nayaka, constructed the Nagasamudram tank at Rachakonda.
• Penned the Nagasamudram inscription.
• It claims that Madha Nayaka wrote Raghaviyam, a commentary on the Ramayana that was dedicated to Sri Rama.

The correct answer is Only 3.

Explanation

• Monazite
  • It is one of the beach sand minerals that contain rare earth-like, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, etc.
  • Monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare earth metals. Hence, Statement 1 is correct
  • It also contains thorium which is a “prescribed substance”, the list of which was revised in 2006 under the Atomic Energy Act, of 1962. Hence, Statement 2 is correct
  • Monazite does not occur naturally in the entire Indian coastal sands in India.
  • Monazite is an atomic mineral that occurs naturally in the coastal sands of three districts: Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, and Kanyakumari. Hence, Statement 3 is NOT correct.
  • Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL), a wholly-owned Public Sector Undertaking of the Government of India (GOI) under DAE, is the only entity that has been permitted to produce and process monazite and handle it for domestic use as well as for export. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
  • It is a radioactive atomic mineral used for the production of Thorium (as high as 500 ppm) and has the potential to be used as fuel in the nuclear power system.

The series is as follows:

H Y T G B D R $ V % ^ C D N S $ R ^ @ @ F $ V # D % & H

So there are five letters that are immediately preceded by a symbol and also immediately followed by a symbol: V R F V D.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Correct answer is Only 1 & 3.

Explanation

• Recently the Government of Telangana signed an MoU with National Stock Exchange and SIDBI.
• It aimed for the growth of MSMEs in the Telangana state.
• As a part of this NSE will create awareness and guide the corporates in fund raising.
• It also helps them in the listing process.
• SIDBI will set up a project management unit to work with the Telangana government.

Other Related Points

• National Stock Exchange:
  • It is the largest financial market which is started in the year 1992.
  • It was the India's first fully computerized electronic trading exchange.
  • The headquarters of NSE is located in Mumbai.
  • It is the 11th largest stock exchange in the world.
• Small Industries Development Bank of India:
  • It is an independent financial institution which aims at the growth and development of MSMEs.
  • It is a statutory body set up under the Indian Parliament Act in 1990.
  • It aims at enhancing the wealth of shareholders.
  • The loan amount can be between 10 lakhs to 25 crore rupees.
  • The repayment terms can be up to 10 years.

Here, we use the table given below:

​

As per the given information:

​^​​

Given expression:

256 × 8 ÷ 24 + 6 - 152

After changing the sign as per the table:

256 ÷ 8 - 24 × 6 + 152

Apply BODMAS:

256 ÷ 8 - 24 × 6 + 152
32 - 24 × 6 + 152

32 - 144 + 152

184 - 144 = 40

256 ÷ 8 - 24 × 6 + 152 = 40

Hence, the correct answer is "40".

Correct answer is 2-1-4-3.

Explanation

• The total road network in the state of Telangana is 1,09,260 kilometers.
• The share of Rural Roads is 61% approximately.
• It is followed by the Roads and Buildings Roads with 25%.
• GHMC and National roads has a share of 8% and 4% respectively.
• In Telangana state, Rangareddy has the longest road network.
• It has a length of 7,714 kilometers.
• Nalgonda has the second longest road network with 7,529 kilometers.

The correct answer is Vaartha.

Explanation

• Vaartha telugu news paper which published Jeevana yanam book, in the form of serial.
• It consist of history of Telangana.
• Autobiography of Ranga Charya is called as Jeevanayanam.
• Daasarathi Rangacharya was born in the village of Chinna guduru in the Warangal district of Nizam state.
• He is Daasarathi Krishnamacharya's brother.
• He was expelled from school in the sixth grade for organising children and striking by wearing Gandhiji's cap instead of the Nizam-mandated uniform.
• Daasarathi Rangacharya is also known as Akshara Vachaspathi (Alphabetic text) and Telangana Karadeepika (Hand book).
• He took part in the Telangana Armed Struggle against Nizam.

Other Related Points

• Chillara Devullu, Modugupulu, Janapadam, Maya Jalataru, Saratalpam, Ranunnadi Edi nizam, Sri Madramayanam, Sri Mahabharatam are some of Ranga Charya literary works.
• Among them, Chillara Devullu and Modugupulu most well-known..
• He described the Telangana Struggles and the conditions prior to Telangana Independence in this document.
• Modugu Pulu received the Kendra Sahitya Academy Award.
• Chillera Devullu was the recipient of a National Literature Award.
• Based on the Ranga Chary novel, the film Chillera Devullu was a huge success.
• T. Madhusudhan Rao was the film's director.

The correct answer is Gachibowli.

Explanation

• The Gachibowli Police Station in Hyderabad, Telangana, now houses the country's first transgender community desk.
• According to the Cyberabad Police. This desk is a first for the nation's gender-inclusive community policing initiatives.
• In a ceremony that was attended by over 200 transgender people, Cyberabad Police Chief VC Sajjanar officially opened the desk.

• Earlier in 2014, the Supreme Court declared the transgender community to be a third gender alongside men and women and stated that they are entitled to the same protections under the Indian Constitution's fundamental rights.

Correct answer is Only 2&3.

Explanation

• Salar Jung worked as a Prime Minister for almost 3 decades.
• He served from the year 1853-1883.
• He worked as the Prime Minister to the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf Jah.
• For his services he had received the title Grand Commander of Star of India by the Government of India.
• Salar Jung received the Oxford Honour .

Other Related Points

• Salar Jung reforms were introduced by him.
• It led to the development of Hyderabad in different ways.
• Windsor Castle recieved by Queen of Victoria in 1876.
• He established Daul-Uloom college and Madras Alia to promote Modern Education in Hyderabad.

Given:

Series = 21, 25, 33, 49, 81, ?

Calculation:

⇒ 21 + 4 = 25

⇒ 25 + 4 × 2 = 33

⇒ 33 + 8 × 2 = 49

⇒ 49 + 16 × 2 = 81

⇒ 81 + 32 × 2 = 145

∴ Missing term is 145.

The opposite pairs of the open dice are shown below-

​​​^​​

We know that if opposite pairs are occurring together in the closed representation then that dice can be formed.

So, if the opposite pairs are appearing together then that dice can not be made.

Option (1):

​

All 3 faces have Non-opposite pairs.

Option (2):

​

All 3 faces have Non-opposite pairs.

Option (3):

​

Here, we can see that one opposite pair is appearing together so these dice can NOT be made.

Option (4):

​

All 3 faces have Non-opposite pairs.

Hence, Option (3) is correct.

Other Related Points

• Dices are of two types :

1. Standard Dice
2. Non-Standard Dice.

• Dice has:-

1. faces = 6
2. sides = 12
3. corners = 8

• Two opposite faces are never seen together.
• Adjacent faces are never opposite to each other.

​​​​​​​^​​

The logic followed here is :-

• CKM : NNH

​​​

And,

• RVY : ZYW

​

Similarly,

• HQT : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "UTM".

The correct answer is a, c & d.

Explanation

• Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) was launched in 2015, as a part of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme.
• It is a small deposit scheme meant exclusively for a girl child, to meet their education and marriage expenses. Hence Statement (a) is correct.
• This scheme is implemented by the Union ministry of finance.

Features

• The Sukanya Samriddhi Account can be opened any time after the birth of a girl child till she turns 10, with a minimum deposit of Rs. 1,000 and a maximum of Rs. 1.5 lakh can be deposited during the ongoing financial year. Hence Statement (b) is incorrect and statement (c) is correct.
• The account will remain operative for 21 years from the date of its opening or till the marriage of the girl after she turns 18.

• The account allows 50% withdrawal at the age of 18 for higher education purposes.
• The interest rate is fixed by the government and revised quarterly.
• The interest that accrues against this account which gets compounded annually is also exempt from tax under Section 10 of the Income Tax Act. Hence statement (d) is correct.
• From April 2020, this scheme offers an interest rate of 7.6% compounded annually.
• Parents can now open up to two Sukanya Samriddhi Account for girls and a third account can be opened in case of birth of twins/triplets.
• The minimum annual contribution to the Sukanya Samriddhi Account is Rs.250 and the maximum of Rs.1.50 lakh in a financial year.
• Subscribers have to invest at least the minimum amount every year for up to 15 years from the date of account opening. Thereafter the account will continue to earn interest till maturity.

The correct answer is a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4.

Explanation

Inscriptions of Vishnukundins:

• Inscriptions are the main sources of Vishnukundins history.
• 13 inscriptions written during their period and 8 inscriptions written after them reveal their history.
• Among these 21 inscriptions, 16 are copper foil inscriptions and 5 are rock inscriptions.
• The inscriptions inscribed during their period are mentioned in he table below:

​

Other Related Points

Vishnukundins dynasty:

• Indra Verma was the founder of Vishnukundin dynasty.
• Madhava Verma-2 is the greatest among Vishnukundins.
• Indrapuram and Keesara are their capitals.
• Their official language is Sanskrit.
• Conch and Lion symbols were printed on their coins.
• They built the largest fort in Telangana at Amrabad area to protect the kingdom from the attack of the Pallavas.
• Its length is about 20 kilo meters.

Given:

The number of cars parked in per parking area P1, P2, P3, P4, and P4 is 400, 420, 540, 670, 700 respectively.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of all observation/Total number of observation

Calculation:

The average number of cars parked in per parking area = (400 + 420 + 540 + 670 + 700)/5 = 2730/5 = 546

∴ The average number of cars parked in per parking area is 546.

The correct answer is ​1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - c.

Explanation

• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
  • Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 1 May 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Under this scheme, 5 Cr LPG connections will be provided to BPL families with a support of Rs.1600 per connection in the next 3 years.
  • Ensuring women’s empowerment, especially in rural India, the connections will be issued in the name of women of the households.
  • Rs. 8000 Cr. has been allocated towards the implementation of the scheme.
  • Identification of the BPL families will be done through Soci- Economic Caste Census Data.
• Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana
  • The government of India systematically designed and launched a scheme Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – SAUBHAGYA, in October 2017 focusing on last-mile connectivity and electricity connections to all the unelectrified households in the country.
  • SAUBHAGYA scheme is one of the world’s biggest Universal electrification initiatives with collaborative and concerted efforts of Centre and States.
  • Saubhagya Scheme aims to achieve universal household electrification in all parts of the country.
  • The scheme primarily benefits rural areas, which have a vast majority of households without power connections.
  • The beneficiaries for free electricity connection would be identified using Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data.
  • It is a concurrent program to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana.
• PM-KUSUM scheme
  • Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) Yojana was launched by the Government of India to increase the income of farmers and provide sources for irrigation and de-dieselising the agricultural sector.
  • The PM-Kusum scheme got administrative approval in March 2019 and guidelines were prepared in July 2019.
  • Objective: To increase the income of farmers and provide a source for irrigation & de-dieselize the farm sector.
    • To increase the production of solar power in India.
  • Implemented by: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
  • Farmers, cooperatives, groups of farmers, panchayats, Water User Associations (WUA), and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPO) are eligible to avail of the benefits.
  • Farmers will get a subsidy of 60% on solar pumps through DBT.
    • Share of Central government & state government is 30% each.
    • 30% of the cost will be obtained as a bank loan.
    • Only the rest 10% will be borne by the farmers.
• Atal Pension Yojana:
  • The scheme was launched on 9^th May 2015, to create a universal social security system for all Indians, especially the poor, the underprivileged, and the workers in the unorganized sector. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  • Administered By: Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority through National Pension System (NPS).
  • Eligibility: Any citizen of India can join the APY scheme. The age of the subscriber should be between 18-40 years.
  • The contribution levels would vary and would be low if a subscriber joins early and increase if she joins late.
  • Benefits:
    • It provides a minimum guaranteed pension ranging from Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 on attaining 60 years of age.
    • The amount of pension is guaranteed for a lifetime to the spouse on the death of the subscriber.
    • In the event of the death of both the subscriber and the spouse, the entire pension corpus is paid to the nominee.
  • Tax Benefits: Contributions to the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) are eligible for tax benefits similar to the National Pension System (NPS).

The correct answer is The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for achieving Bose-Einstein Condensation.

Explanation

• 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics
  • The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists:
    • Roy J. Glauber,
    • John L. Hall, and
    • Theodor W. Hänsch.
  • The award was given for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy.
  • It is the study of the interaction between light and matter.
  • Glauber's work focused on
    • the quantum theory of optical coherence.
    • It describes how photons (particles of light) interact with each other and with the matter.
  • Hall and Hänsch developed techniques for
    • measuring the frequency of light waves to an extremely high degree of accuracy,
    • They used lasers and other advanced technologies to achieve precision.
  • Their work has had important applications in fields such as
    • telecommunications,
    • precision metrology, and
    • the study of fundamental physics.
  • The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized precision spectroscopy's critical role in everyday life.
  • It has played in advancing our understanding of the nature of matter and the universe as a whole.
• Bose-Einstein Condensation received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001.
  • The prize was awarded jointly to
    • Eric A. Cornell,
    • Carl E. Wieman, and
    • Wolfgang Ketterle
  • The prize was awarded for their achievement in achieving Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms.

Other Related Points

• Matter
  • The matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
  • All matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms,
  • Each atom is made up of even smaller particles, such as
    • protons,
    • neutrons, and
    • electrons.
  • The smallest unit of matter is the atom,
  • Atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles by chemical means.
  • Atoms combine to form molecules, which can be made up of two or more atoms of the same or different elements.
  • The properties of matter are determined by the interactions between the particles that make it up.
  • Matter exists in different states, including
    • solid,
    • liquid,
    • gas,
    • plasma, and
    • Bose-Einstein condensate
  • The matter's state also depends on its particles' arrangement and motion.
  • For example, water can exist in solid, liquid, and gas states.
  • Matter states can be interchanged, but maintaining them is difficult.

The correct answer is 'unavoidable.'

Explanation

• Let us see the meaning of inevitable:
  • Inevitable: that cannot be avoided or prevented from happening. (जिसे घटित होने से रोका न जा सके, अवश्‍य होने वाला; अवश्‍यंभावी)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
  • Doubtful: unlikely or uncertain. (संदिग्‍ध या अनिश्चित)
  • Intriguing: arousing one's curiosity or interest; fascinating. (षड्‌यंत्रकारी, पहेली-जैसा)
  • Unavoidable: that cannot be avoided or prevented. (जिससे बचना या जिसे रोकना संभव न हो; अपरिहार्य, अनिवार्य)
  • Avertible: capable of being averted; preventable. (टालने में सक्षम)
• From the meanings of the given words, the correct word that is similar in meaning to the highlighted word in the given sentence is "unavoidable."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is alumnus.

Explanation

Let's understand the meaning of the given and the marked word:

• Alumna means a single female graduate. So, a feminine singular form of the noun.
• Alumnus means a single male graduate. So, a masculine singular form of the noun.

Thus, it can be concluded that the masculine singular word for alumna is alumnus.

Other Related Points

• Alumni: refers to a group of male graduates. So, a masculine plural form of noun.
• Alumnae: refers to a group of female graduates. So, a feminine plural form of noun.

The correct answer is "hesitant"

Explanation

• Diffident means lacking confidence or self-assurance. (डिफिडेंट का अर्थ है आत्मविश्वास या आत्म-आश्वासन की कमी।)
  • Example: The new employee was very diffident during his first presentation, but he improved significantly over time as he gained more experience and self-confidence.

Let's see the meanings of the given words

• Bold means confident and courageous, not afraid to take risks or speak out. (बोल्ड का अर्थ है आत्मविश्वासी और साहसी, जो जोखिम लेने या बोलने से नहीं डरता।)
  • Example: The young firefighter was praised for her bold actions in rescuing the family from the burning building.
• Disobedient means not following rules or orders. (अवज्ञाकारी का अर्थ है नियमों या आदेशों का पालन न करना।)
  • Example: The disobedient dog refused to come when called and continued to dig up the flowers in the garden.
• Hesitant means uncertain or unwilling to act. (झिझक का अर्थ है अनिश्चित या कार्य करने के लिए अनिच्छुक।)
  • Example: The hesitant investor hesitated to put any more money into the stock market after experiencing significant losses.
• Improper means not appropriate or suitable for the circumstances. (अनुचित का अर्थ परिस्थितियों के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है।)
  • Example: It was improper for the host to serve red wine with fish, as it can overwhelm the delicate flavor of the dish.

According to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 3, i.e., hesitant.

The correct answer is "balloon."

Key Points

• Amon the given options:
  • The words given in options 1, 3 and 4 do not exist in English vocabulary or we can say that their is some spelling mistake in them.
  • The correct words would be:
    • "Committee" means a group of people who have been chosen to discuss something or decide something.
    • "Successive" means something/ someone following immediately one after the other.
    • "Fulfill" means to make something that you wish for happen; to achieve a goal.
• While, the word in option 2 i.e. "balloon" is correctly spelled.
  • Balloon is a small colored object that you blow air into and use as a toy or for decoration.
  • Example: He pricked the balloon and burst it.

The correct answer is "Reasonable".

Explanation

• Sufficient means 'enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end (किसी स्थिति या प्रस्तावित अंत की जरूरतों को पूरा करने के लिए पर्याप्त)'.
• Marked option 'Reasonable means 'acceptable and appropriate in a particular situation (स्थिति-विशेष में स्‍वीकार्य और उपयुक्त)'.
  • ​Example: The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
• It is clear that Sufficient and 'Reasonable' are similar in meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Other Related Points

• Inadequate means not enough; not good enough (अपर्याप्त, नाकाफी; अयोग्‍य).
• Unsatisfactory means not acceptable; not good enough (संतोषजनक नहीं; पर्याप्त नहीं).
• Unacceptable means that one cannot accept or allow (जो स्‍वीकार्य या अनुमति देने योग्‍य न हो; अस्‍वीकार्य, अग्राह्य).