Metals And Non-Metals - Practice Test, Class 10 Science - Class 10 MCQ

The non-metallic element that is in liquid form is Bromine (Br).
- Bromine is the only non-metallic element that is liquid at room temperature.
- It is a dark red-brown liquid with a strong, choking odor.
- Bromine has a low boiling point of 58.8°C (137.8°F), which allows it to exist as a liquid at normal atmospheric conditions.
- It is a highly reactive element and is part of the halogen group on the periodic table.
- Bromine is obtained from natural sources, such as seawater and salt lakes, and is used in various applications, including flame retardants, water purification, and pharmaceuticals.
- It is corrosive to organic materials and can cause burns on contact with skin.
- Bromine can release toxic fumes when heated or mixed with certain substances, so it requires careful handling and storage.
- The liquid form of bromine allows it to be easily transported and used in industrial processes.
- Other non-metallic elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, are typically found in solid or gaseous forms at room temperature and normal atmospheric conditions.

Haematite is an ore of:
- Iron: Haematite is primarily composed of iron oxide (Fe2O3). It is one of the most abundant and important iron ores.
- Aluminium: Haematite is not an ore of aluminium. The main ore of aluminium is bauxite.
- Copper: Haematite is not an ore of copper. The main ore of copper is chalcopyrite.
- Tin: Haematite is not an ore of tin. The main ore of tin is cassiterite.
Explanation:
- Haematite, also spelled as hematite, is a mineral form of iron oxide. It is commonly found in various geological settings and is widely used as an iron ore.
- The name "haematite" is derived from the Greek word "haima," which means blood. This is because when haematite is powdered, it exhibits a reddish-brown color, resembling dried blood.
- Haematite has a high iron content, typically ranging from 50% to 70%. It is an important source of iron for the production of steel and other iron-based products.
- The iron in haematite is in the form of Fe3+ ions, which are bonded to oxygen atoms to form the iron oxide compound Fe2O3.
- Haematite can occur in a variety of forms, including massive, botryoidal (grape-like), and crystalline. It is often found in sedimentary rocks, such as banded iron formations.
- In addition to its industrial uses, haematite is also valued for its aesthetic properties. It is a popular gemstone and is frequently used in jewelry.
- Overall, haematite is an important ore of iron and plays a crucial role in various industries, making it a valuable natural resource.

Non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity:
- Graphite: Graphite is a non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity. It is made up of carbon atoms arranged in layers. The delocalized electrons in the layers of graphite can move freely, allowing for the conduction of electricity.
- Phosphorus: Phosphorus is a non-metal that is not a good conductor of electricity. It is a poor conductor and is often used as a dopant in semiconductors to control their electrical properties.
- Hydrogen: Hydrogen is a non-metal that is not a good conductor of electricity. It is a gas and does not have free electrons to conduct electricity.
- Bromine: Bromine is a non-metal that is not a good conductor of electricity. It is a liquid at room temperature and does not have the ability to conduct electricity.
Therefore, the correct answer is Graphite (Option A) as it is the non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity.

To determine the metal that reacts readily with cold water, we need to consider the reactivity series of metals. The reactivity series ranks metals based on their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions. The higher a metal is in the reactivity series, the more reactive it is.
The reactivity series of metals from highest to lowest reactivity is as follows:
1. Potassium (K)
2. Sodium (Na)
3. Calcium (Ca)
4. Magnesium (Mg)
5. Aluminum (Al)
6. Zinc (Zn)
7. Iron (Fe)
8. Tin (Sn)
9. Lead (Pb)
10. Hydrogen (H)
11. Copper (Cu)
12. Silver (Ag)
13. Gold (Au)
From the given options, the metal that reacts readily with cold water is sodium (Na). Sodium is highly reactive and reacts vigorously with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Na.

Malleability: The Property of Metals
Definition:
Malleability is the property of metals that allows them to be beaten or hammered into thin sheets without breaking or cracking.
Explanation:
Metals have unique physical properties that make them suitable for various applications. Malleability is one such property that allows metals to be shaped and formed into different structures. Here's how malleability works:

1. Definition: Malleability is the ability of a metal to undergo plastic deformation under compression without fracturing. It is the opposite of brittleness.


2. Plastic Deformation: When a metal is subjected to external forces, its atoms or ions can shift positions, allowing the metal to change shape without breaking.


3. Crystal Structure: The crystal structure of metals plays a crucial role in their malleability. Metals typically have a close-packed arrangement of atoms, which allows for easy movement of atoms under pressure.


4. Metallic Bonds: The metallic bonds between atoms in a metal lattice are relatively weak compared to other types of bonds. These bonds allow the atoms to move and slide past each other, enabling the metal to be easily shaped.


5. Hammering/Pressing: When a metal is hammered or pressed, the external force causes the metal's atoms to shift and slide, resulting in the metal becoming thinner and wider.


6. Applications: Malleability is a crucial property for various industries, including construction, jewelry making, and manufacturing. It allows metals to be formed into sheets, wires, foils, and other desired shapes.

Examples:
Here are a few examples of metals that exhibit high malleability:

• Gold: Gold is highly malleable and can be beaten into thin sheets called gold leaf.


• Aluminum: Aluminum is also highly malleable, making it suitable for various applications in industries such as aerospace and construction.


• Copper: Copper is known for its excellent malleability and is often used in electrical wiring.


• Silver: Silver is another metal that can be easily shaped and formed into various objects.

In conclusion, malleability is an essential property of metals that allows them to be shaped and formed into different structures without breaking. It is a result of the unique crystal structure and metallic bonding present in metals.

Materials that show malleability:
- Iron
- Aluminium
- Silver
Materials that do not show malleability:
- Graphite
Detailed
Malleability is the ability of a material to deform under compression without breaking. In this case, we are given four materials and we need to identify the one that does not show malleability.
Malleable Materials:
1. Iron: Iron is a malleable metal that can be easily shaped or formed into various shapes without breaking. It is commonly used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering applications.
2. Aluminium: Aluminium is another malleable metal that is widely used in various industries. It can be easily bent, rolled, or formed into different shapes.
3. Silver: Silver is a highly malleable metal that can be easily hammered into thin sheets or wires. It is commonly used in jewelry making and electrical applications.
Non-Malleable Material:
4. Graphite: Graphite is a non-metallic material that does not exhibit malleability. It is a brittle material that breaks easily under compression. Graphite is commonly used as a lubricant, in pencil lead, and in the production of electrodes.
Conclusion:
In this case, the material that does not show malleability is Graphite. Iron, Aluminium, and Silver are all malleable materials that can be easily shaped or formed without breaking.

To determine which metal does not displace H2 gas from dilute HCl or dilute H2SO4, we need to consider the reactivity series of metals.
The reactivity series of metals is a list that ranks metals based on their reactivity with water and acids. The metals at the top of the series are more reactive and can displace hydrogen gas from acids, while the metals at the bottom are less reactive and cannot displace hydrogen gas.
The reactivity series in decreasing order of reactivity is as follows:
1. Potassium (K)
2. Sodium (Na)
3. Calcium (Ca)
4. Magnesium (Mg)
5. Aluminum (Al)
6. Zinc (Zn)
7. Iron (Fe)
8. Lead (Pb)
9. Hydrogen (H)
10. Copper (Cu)
11. Silver (Ag)
12. Gold (Au)
From the reactivity series, we can see that copper (Cu) is less reactive than hydrogen (H) and is located below it in the series. Therefore, copper cannot displace hydrogen gas from dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Hence, the correct answer is B: Cu.

Answer:
To determine the most ductile metal, we need to compare the ductility of aluminum (Al), gold (Au), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag).
Ductility:
Ductility is the property of a material to be stretched or drawn into a thin wire without breaking. It is a measure of how easily a material can be deformed under tensile stress.
Comparison:
We will compare the ductility of the given metals based on their properties.
1. Aluminum (Al):
- Ductility: Aluminum is a highly ductile metal.
- It can be drawn into thin wires without breaking.
- It has a relatively high ductility compared to many other metals.

2. Gold (Au):
- Ductility: Gold is an extremely ductile metal.
- It is one of the most ductile metals known.
- It can be beaten into extremely thin sheets or drawn into fine wires.

3. Copper (Cu):
- Ductility: Copper is a highly ductile metal.
- It has excellent ductility and can be drawn into thin wires or rolled into thin sheets.
- It is widely used in electrical wiring due to its high ductility.

4. Silver (Ag):
- Ductility: Silver is a highly ductile metal.
- It can be drawn into thin wires or beaten into thin sheets.
- It is one of the most ductile metals, similar to gold.

Conclusion:
Among the given options, gold (Au) is the most ductile metal. It is known for its exceptional ductility and can be easily drawn into thin wires or beaten into very thin sheets.

Phosphorus is a very reactive non-metal, which catches fire when exposed to air. Hence, phosphorus is stored under water to prevent contact between phosphorus and air.

Gas produced when metal reacts with acids:
When a metal reacts with an acid, the main gas produced is hydrogen (H2). This reaction is known as a metal-acid reaction.
Explanation:
During a metal-acid reaction, the acid donates hydrogen ions (H+) to the metal. The metal, being a reducing agent, donates electrons to the hydrogen ions, resulting in the formation of hydrogen gas. The metal cations combine with the anions of the acid to form a salt.
Here is a detailed explanation of the reaction:
1. Metal reacts with acid:
- The metal displaces hydrogen from the acid.
- The metal oxidizes while the hydrogen ions from the acid are reduced.
2. Formation of hydrogen gas:
- The hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid gain electrons from the metal.
- Two hydrogen ions combine to form a hydrogen molecule (H2).
- This gas is released as bubbles during the reaction.
3. Formation of a salt:
- The metal cations combine with the anions of the acid to form a salt.
- The salt remains dissolved in the solution.
Example:
For example, when zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the reaction can be represented as follows:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
So, in conclusion, when a metal reacts with an acid, the gas produced is hydrogen (H2).

Metal used in thermometers:

• Mercury: Mercury is the metal commonly used in thermometers.

Explanation:

• Thermometers are devices used for measuring temperature.


• They typically consist of a glass tube with a bulb at one end that contains a liquid metal.


• When the temperature changes, the liquid metal expands or contracts, causing the level of the liquid to rise or fall in the tube.


• Mercury is often used as the liquid metal in thermometers due to its unique properties:




• Mercury is a good conductor of heat, allowing it to quickly respond to changes in temperature.


• It has a wide range of liquid-state temperatures, from -38.83°C to 356.73°C, making it suitable for measuring a wide range of temperatures.


• Mercury is also easily visible and does not wet the glass, making it easy to read the temperature scale.




• However, due to its toxic nature, the use of mercury in thermometers has been reduced in recent years, and digital thermometers or other alternatives are now more commonly used.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Mercury.

Heat conduction is the property of metals.
Explanation:
Heat conduction refers to the transfer of heat energy from one particle to another within a material or between different materials in contact with each other. In this process, the particles with higher kinetic energy transfer their energy to particles with lower kinetic energy, resulting in the equalization of temperature.
Metals are known for their high thermal conductivity, which is the ability to conduct heat. This is because of the following reasons:
1. Free electrons: Metals have a delocalized sea of electrons that are free to move throughout the material. These free electrons can easily transfer thermal energy by colliding with other electrons and lattice ions.
2. Lattice structure: Metals have a closely packed lattice structure, which allows for efficient transfer of thermal energy through atomic vibrations. The atoms in metals are closely spaced, allowing for a more direct transfer of heat.
3. High density: Metals have a high density, which means there is a large number of particles present in a given volume. This increases the number of particles available for heat conduction, enhancing the overall thermal conductivity.
4. Low specific heat: Metals have a relatively low specific heat capacity, which means they require less heat energy to raise their temperature. This allows for faster heat conduction as less energy is needed to increase the temperature of the material.
Considering these factors, it can be concluded that heat conduction is primarily a property of metals. While non-metals and metalloids can conduct heat to some extent, their thermal conductivity is significantly lower compared to metals. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Metal.

Best Electrical Conductor:
Introduction:
When it comes to electrical conductivity, some materials outperform others. In this case, we are looking for the best electrical conductor among the options provided: Gold, Silver, Copper, and Aluminium.
Explanation:
To determine the best electrical conductor, we need to consider the following factors:
1. Conductivity:
The electrical conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct electric current. The higher the conductivity, the better the material is as an electrical conductor.
2. Resistance:
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current. The lower the resistance, the better the material conducts electricity.
Comparison of Materials:
A: Gold
- Gold is known for its excellent electrical conductivity.
- It has a high conductivity but is not the best among the options provided.
B: Silver
- Silver is the best electrical conductor among the options given.
- It has the highest electrical conductivity of any metal.
- Silver has low resistivity and is commonly used in electrical and electronic applications.
C: Copper
- Copper is also an excellent conductor of electricity.
- It has high electrical conductivity and is widely used in electrical wiring and circuits.
D: Aluminium
- Aluminium is a good conductor of electricity but not as good as silver or copper.
- It is commonly used in power transmission lines due to its lightweight and cost-effectiveness.
Conclusion:
Among the options provided, Silver is the best electrical conductor. It has the highest electrical conductivity and is widely used in various electrical and electronic applications. However, it is important to note that the choice of conductor depends on the specific requirements of the application, as different materials may be more suitable for different situations.

Explanation:
When determining the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a metal atom, we need to consider the atomic number and electron configuration of the metal atom. The outermost shell, also known as the valence shell, is the highest energy level that contains electrons.
Here are the general guidelines for determining the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a metal atom:
1. Atomic Number: The atomic number of the metal atom tells us the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom.
2. Electron Configuration: The electron configuration of the metal atom tells us how the electrons are distributed in different energy levels or shells.
3. Valence Electrons: The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determining the reactivity of the element.
Based on these considerations, we can make the following observations:
- Metal atoms tend to have a relatively small number of valence electrons compared to non-metal atoms.
- The number of valence electrons in a metal atom is often less than the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the outermost shell, which is 8.
Given these observations, we can conclude that the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a metal atom is typically in the range of 1 to 3. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 1 to 3.

Reaction for obtaining metal from metal oxide:
Metal can be obtained from metal oxide through the process of reduction.
Reduction:
- Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons and decreases in oxidation state.
- In the context of obtaining metal from metal oxide, reduction involves the removal of oxygen from the metal oxide to obtain the pure metal.
- This is typically achieved by using a reducing agent, which donates electrons to the metal oxide, causing the oxygen to be removed.
- The reducing agent can be a more reactive metal, carbon, or even hydrogen gas, depending on the specific metal oxide being reduced.
- The reaction can be represented by the following general equation: Metal Oxide + Reducing Agent → Metal + By-products (such as carbon dioxide or water).
Other options:
- Liquefaction: This term refers to the process of converting a substance from a solid or a gas to a liquid state. It is not relevant to obtaining metal from metal oxide.
- Calcination: Calcination involves the heating of a substance to a high temperature in the absence of air or oxygen. It is typically used to drive off volatile substances or to cause decomposition. It is not directly related to obtaining metal from metal oxide.
- Roasting: Roasting is a process in which a substance is heated in the presence of oxygen. It is commonly used to convert sulfide ores into oxides. While roasting can be part of the overall process of obtaining metal from metal oxide, it is not the specific reaction by which metal is obtained.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Reduction, as it specifically describes the reaction by which metal is obtained from metal oxide.

Constituents of Alloy Solder:
The constituents of alloy solder refer to the specific elements that make up the solder material. Solder is a low-melting alloy used to join or fuse two metal surfaces together. The most commonly used constituents in alloy solder are lead and tin.
The correct answer is D: Lead, tin.
Here is a detailed explanation of why lead and tin are the constituents of alloy solder:
1. Lead:
- Lead is a soft, malleable, and low-melting metal.
- It has good wetting properties, meaning it can spread and adhere well to the surfaces being soldered.
- Lead provides ductility to the solder, allowing it to flex and absorb stress without cracking.
- It helps lower the melting point of the solder alloy, making it easier to work with.
2. Tin:
- Tin is another soft, malleable, and low-melting metal.
- It has excellent bonding properties, allowing it to form strong metallurgical bonds with the metal surfaces being soldered.
- Tin improves the overall strength and mechanical properties of the solder joint.
- It also helps prevent the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds.
3. Lead-Tin Alloys:
- The combination of lead and tin in various proportions forms different solder alloys.
- The most commonly used solder alloy is called "solder 60/40," which consists of 60% tin and 40% lead.
- Other common solder alloys include "solder 63/37" (63% tin, 37% lead) and "solder 50/50" (50% tin, 50% lead).
- These alloys have melting points lower than the individual melting points of lead and tin, making them suitable for soldering applications.
Overall, alloy solder primarily consists of lead and tin, which are combined in different proportions to create solder alloys with desired melting points and properties.

To determine which one of the following elements is a non-metal, we need to consider the periodic table and the characteristics of metals and non-metals.
Characteristics of metals:
- Metals are usually solid at room temperature (except for mercury, which is a liquid).
- They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Metals are malleable and ductile, meaning they can be hammered into thin sheets and drawn into wires.
- They have a shiny appearance (luster).
- Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions.
Characteristics of non-metals:
- Non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.
- They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Non-metals are brittle and cannot be hammered into thin sheets or drawn into wires.
- They have a dull appearance.
- Non-metals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions.
Analysis of the options:
A: Zn (Zinc) - Zinc is a metal.
B: Al (Aluminum) - Aluminum is a metal.
C: Fe (Iron) - Iron is a metal.
D: N (Nitrogen) - Nitrogen is a non-metal.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, the non-metal is Nitrogen (N), so the correct answer is option D.

Displacement Reactions:
Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. In other words, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound.
Let's analyze each pair to determine if they will undergo displacement reactions:
A: NaCl solution and copper metal
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a compound containing sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions.
- Copper (Cu) is less reactive than sodium and is lower in the reactivity series.
- Copper cannot displace sodium from sodium chloride, so there will be no displacement reaction.
B: MgCl₂ solution and aluminium metal
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) is a compound containing magnesium (Mg) and chloride (Cl) ions.
- Aluminum (Al) is more reactive than magnesium and is higher in the reactivity series.
- Aluminum can displace magnesium from magnesium chloride, so there will be a displacement reaction.
C: FeSO₄ solution and silver metal
- Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO₄) is a compound containing iron (Fe) and sulfate (SO₄) ions.
- Silver (Ag) is less reactive than iron and is lower in the reactivity series.
- Silver cannot displace iron from iron(II) sulfate, so there will be no displacement reaction.
D: AgNO₃ solution and copper metal
- Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is a compound containing silver (Ag) and nitrate (NO₃) ions.
- Copper (Cu) is more reactive than silver and is higher in the reactivity series.
- Copper can displace silver from silver nitrate, so there will be a displacement reaction.
Therefore, the pair that will give a displacement reaction is D: AgNO₃ solution and copper metal.

To determine which metal can be cut with a knife, we need to consider the properties of different metals. Here are the options provided:
A: Sodium
B: Lead
C: Zinc
D: Magnesium
Let's analyze each option to determine which metal can be cut with a knife.
A: Sodium:
- Sodium is a soft metal with a low melting point.
- It is highly reactive and easily oxidizes in air or water.
- Sodium can be easily cut with a knife due to its softness.
B: Lead:
- Lead is a soft and malleable metal.
- It has a low melting point.
- Lead can be cut with a knife due to its softness.
C: Zinc:
- Zinc is a moderately hard metal.
- It has a higher melting point compared to sodium and lead.
- Zinc cannot be easily cut with a knife as it is harder than the previous options.
D: Magnesium:
- Magnesium is a lightweight metal.
- It has a low melting point and is relatively soft.
- Magnesium can be cut with a knife due to its softness.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, both Sodium and Lead can be cut with a knife due to their softness. Therefore, option A (Sodium) and option B (Lead) are correct answers.

Answer:
The most ductile metal among the options given is gold. Here is a detailed explanation:
Ductility:
Ductility is the property of a material that allows it to be stretched into thin wires or elongated without breaking. It is a measure of how easily a material can be shaped or deformed under tensile stress.
Comparison of the metals:
To determine the most ductile metal among silver, gold, mercury, and tin, we need to compare their ductility properties.
Silver:
- Silver is a highly ductile metal and is among the most ductile elements.
- It can be drawn into thin wires without breaking.
- It is widely used in electrical and thermal conductivity applications due to its high ductility.
Gold:
- Gold is the most ductile metal among the options given.
- It can be stretched into extremely thin wires without breaking.
- Gold is highly malleable and can also be formed into various shapes.
- Its ductility property makes it useful in jewelry making and electronic applications.
Mercury:
- Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature and does not possess ductility in the traditional sense.
- It does not have a definite shape and cannot be drawn into wires.
Tin:
- Tin is a relatively malleable and ductile metal.
- It can be shaped and stretched but is less ductile compared to silver and gold.
Conclusion:
Among the options provided, gold is the most ductile metal. It has exceptional ductility and can be easily drawn into thin wires without breaking.