Journal Entries - 3 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, Commerce

• The proprietor withdrawing goods for personal use does not involve selling them.
• This transaction reduces the business assets (inventory) but is not a sale.
• Instead, it is recorded as a drawing since it represents the owner's personal use of business resources.
• Therefore, the correct account to credit is the Drawing A/c, reflecting the withdrawal of goods.

When a debt becomes bad and doubtful the following entry is passed:
Bad Debts A/c Dr.
To Debtors A/c
( Being bad debts written off)

Recovery of bad debts written off previously will be credited to profit and loss A/c because it is an income. 

To calculate the required provision for doubtful debts as of 31.3.09:

Given:

• Provision for bad debts as on 1.4.08 = Rs. 1,000
• During the year 2008-09, there were no bad debts.
• Debtors as on 31.3.09 = Rs. 90,000
• Provision for bad debts required @ 1%

Step-by-step calculation:

1. Calculate the required provision for doubtful debts as on 31.3.09: Provision required = 1% of Debtors as on 31.3.09 = 1% of Rs. 90,000 = Rs. 900

2. Determine the adjustment needed in the provision account:

   • Opening balance of Provision for bad debts (1.4.08) = Rs. 1,000
   • Required provision as on 31.3.09 = Rs. 900
   • Adjustment required = Rs. 900 - Rs. 1,000 = Rs. -100 (a decrease in provision)

Journal entry to adjust Provision for Doubtful Debts on 31.3.09:

The provision is being reduced, so we credit Provision for Doubtful Debts.

Option 2 correctly represents this adjustment:

Provision for Doubtful debts Dr. 100 To P&L A/c 100

This entry reflects the decrease in the provision for bad debts from the opening balance to the required amount as of the end of the period. Therefore, Option 2 is the correct journal entry to pass on 31.3.09.

Correct answer: C - Representative personal account.

A representative personal account is a type of personal account that represents amounts payable to or receivable from persons or groups of persons; it shows a liability or asset on behalf of people (for example, outstanding expenses or accrued incomes).

Outstanding salary is salary that has been earned by employees but has not yet been paid. It therefore represents an amount payable to employees and is treated as a liability.

Because it represents an amount owed to a group of persons (employees), it is classified as a representative personal account, not as a nominal or real account.

• Total Assets = Capital + Liabilities
• Here, Capital = Rs. 75,000
• Liabilities = Rs. 25,000
• Total Assets = Rs. 75,000 + Rs. 25,000 = Rs. 1,00,000

• 1. Rs. 1,00,000

Assets are classified as Current Assets and Fixed Assets.
Fixed Assets:
Office Furniture & Equipment
Freehold Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Current Assets:
Stock of Raw Material

purchases account
Good taken by the proprietor for domestic account should be credited to purchases account.

Cash comes in → Debit (Real A/c: Debit what comes in).
Capital is owner’s investment → Credit (Personal A/c: Credit the giver).

Purchases → Debit (expense & losses).
Cash goes out → Credit (Real A/c: Credit what goes out).

Rent is an expense → Debit.
Payment through bank → Bank decreases → Credit.

Cash comes in → Debit.
Commission is an income → Credit (Nominal A/c: Credit all incomes & gains).

Mohan (Debtor) → Debit (Personal A/c: Debit the receiver).
Sales → Credit (Nominal A/c: Credit all incomes & gains).

Correct Answe- Option c

explanation:

• a) Cash Account – Real account (asset).
• b) Investment Account – Real account (asset).
• d) Outstanding Rent Account – Real account (liability, as it represents an obligation that carries forward).
• c) Purchases Account – Nominal account (expense account, closed at the end of the accounting period).

Salary is an expense → Debit.
Cash goes out → Credit.